{"id":40639,"date":"2019-09-24T22:18:43","date_gmt":"2019-09-24T21:18:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/que-es-el-cero-absoluto-temperatura-definicion\/"},"modified":"2020-01-16T20:37:31","modified_gmt":"2020-01-16T19:37:31","slug":"que-es-el-cero-absoluto-temperatura-definicion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-el-cero-absoluto-temperatura-definicion\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e9 es el cero absoluto &#8211; Temperatura &#8211; Definici\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">La temperatura te\u00f3rica m\u00e1s fr\u00eda se llama cero absoluto.\u00a0El cero absoluto se denota como 0 K en la escala Kelvin, \u2212273.15 \u00b0 C en la escala Celsius y \u2212459.67 \u00b0 F en la escala Fahrenheit.\u00a0Ingenieria termal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Escalas de temperatura<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/comparison-temperature-scales-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-16243 alignright lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/comparison-temperature-scales-min.png\" alt=\"Conversi\u00f3n de temperatura - Fahrenheit - Celsius\" width=\"400\" height=\"318\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/comparison-temperature-scales-min.png\" \/><\/a>Cuando se usa un term\u00f3metro, debemos marcar una escala en la pared del tubo con n\u00fameros.\u00a0Tenemos que definir una\u00a0<strong>escala de temperatura<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Una\u00a0<a title=\"Escalas de temperatura\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-temperature-physics\/temperature-scales\/\"><strong><em>escala de temperatura<\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0es una forma de medir la temperatura en relaci\u00f3n con un\u00a0<strong>punto de partida<\/strong>\u00a0(0 o cero) y una\u00a0<strong>unidad de medida<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p>Estos n\u00fameros son arbitrarios, e hist\u00f3ricamente se han utilizado muchos esquemas diferentes.\u00a0Por ejemplo, esto se hizo definiendo algunas ocurrencias f\u00edsicas a temperaturas dadas, como los\u00a0<strong><a title=\"Saturation \u2013 Boiling Point\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-la-saturacion-punto-de-ebullicion-definicion\/\">puntos de<\/a><\/strong><strong>\u00a0congelaci\u00f3n<\/strong>\u00a0y\u00a0<strong><a title=\"Saturaci\u00f3n - Punto de ebullici\u00f3n\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-la-saturacion-punto-de-ebullicion-definicion\/\">ebullici\u00f3n del agua<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0, y defini\u00e9ndolas como 0 y 100 respectivamente.<\/p>\n<p>Existen varias escalas y unidades para medir la temperatura.\u00a0Los m\u00e1s comunes son:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Escala Celsius - Temperatura Celsius\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-temperature-physics\/celsius-scale-celsius-temperature\/\">Celsius (denotado \u00b0 C),<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Escala Fahrenheit - Temperatura Fahrenheit\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-temperature-physics\/fahrenheit-scale-fahrenheit-temperature\/\">Fahrenheit (denotado \u00b0 F),<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Escala Kelvin - Temperatura absoluta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-temperature-physics\/kelvin-scale-absolute-temperature\/\">Kelvin (denotado K; especialmente en ciencia).<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span>Cero absoluto<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16244\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16244\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Kelvin-temperature-scale-thermodynamic-scale-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16244 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Kelvin-temperature-scale-thermodynamic-scale-min-300x275.png\" alt=\"Escala de temperatura Kelvin\" width=\"300\" height=\"275\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Kelvin-temperature-scale-thermodynamic-scale-min-300x275.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16244\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>La escala de temperatura Kelvin se determin\u00f3 en base a la escala Celsius, pero con un punto de partida en cero absoluto.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span>La\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>escala de temperatura absoluta<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0que corresponde a la escala Celsius se llama escala Kelvin (K), y la escala absoluta que corresponde a la escala Fahrenheit se llama escala Rankine (R).\u00a0Los puntos cero en ambas escalas absolutas representan el mismo estado f\u00edsico.\u00a0Las relaciones entre las escalas de temperatura absoluta y relativa se muestran en las siguientes ecuaciones.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Kelvin &#8211; Celsius<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>K = \u00b0 C + 273,15<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>\u00b0 C = K &#8211; 273,15<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Rankine &#8211; Fahrenheit<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>R = \u00b0 F + 460<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>\u00b0 F = R &#8211; 460<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong><span>Cero absoluto<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span>Tal escala tiene como\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>punto cero<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0La temperatura te\u00f3rica m\u00e1s fr\u00eda se llama\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>cero absoluto<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, en el cual el movimiento t\u00e9rmico de los \u00e1tomos y las mol\u00e9culas alcanza su m\u00ednimo.\u00a0Este es un estado en el que la entalp\u00eda y la entrop\u00eda de un gas ideal enfriado alcanza su valor m\u00ednimo, tomado como 0.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Cl\u00e1sicamente<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, este ser\u00eda un estado de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>inmovilidad<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, pero\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>la<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0incertidumbre\u00a0<strong>cu\u00e1ntica<\/strong>\u00a0dicta que las part\u00edculas a\u00fan poseen una\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>energ\u00eda finita de punto cero<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>El cero absoluto<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0se denota como 0 K en la escala Kelvin,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u2212273.15 \u00b0 C<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0en la escala Celsius y\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u2212459.67 \u00b0 F<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0en la escala Fahrenheit.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span>Absoluto Cero y Tercera Ley de Termodin\u00e1mica<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>La tercera ley de la termodin\u00e1mica establece:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span>La entrop\u00eda de un sistema se aproxima a un valor constante a medida que la temperatura se acerca al cero absoluto.<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<span>Basado en evidencia emp\u00edrica, esta ley establece que la entrop\u00eda de una sustancia cristalina pura es cero en el cero absoluto de temperatura, 0 K y que es imposible mediante cualquier proceso, sin importar cu\u00e1n idealizado est\u00e9, reducir la temperatura de un sistema a cero absoluto en un n\u00famero finito de pasos.\u00a0Esto nos permite definir un punto cero para la energ\u00eda t\u00e9rmica de un cuerpo.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Temperatura artificial m\u00e1s baja<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Seg\u00fan\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.guinnessworldrecords.com\/world-records\/lowest-manmade-temperature\/\"><span>Guiness World Records,<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0la temperatura m\u00e1s baja producida por el hombre hasta la fecha es de 450 picokelvin por encima del cero absoluto (solo la mitad de una billon\u00e9sima parte de un grado por encima del cero absoluto).\u00a0Fue logrado por un equipo de cient\u00edficos del Instituto de Tecnolog\u00eda de Massachusetts, Cambridge, Massachusetts, EE. UU.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este art\u00edculo se basa en la traducci\u00f3n autom\u00e1tica del art\u00edculo original en ingl\u00e9s. Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n vea el art\u00edculo en ingl\u00e9s. Puedes ayudarnos. Si desea corregir la traducci\u00f3n, env\u00edela a: translations@nuclear-power.com o complete el formulario de traducci\u00f3n en l\u00ednea. Agradecemos su ayuda, actualizaremos la traducci\u00f3n lo antes posible. Gracias.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La temperatura te\u00f3rica m\u00e1s fr\u00eda se llama cero absoluto.\u00a0El cero absoluto se denota como 0 K en la escala Kelvin, \u2212273.15 \u00b0 C en la escala Celsius y \u2212459.67 \u00b0 F en la escala Fahrenheit.\u00a0Ingenieria termal Escalas de temperatura Cuando se usa un term\u00f3metro, debemos marcar una escala en la pared del tubo con n\u00fameros.\u00a0Tenemos &#8230; <a title=\"Qu\u00e9 es el cero absoluto &#8211; Temperatura &#8211; Definici\u00f3n\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-el-cero-absoluto-temperatura-definicion\/\" aria-label=\"M\u00e1s en Qu\u00e9 es el cero absoluto &#8211; Temperatura &#8211; Definici\u00f3n\">Leer m\u00e1s<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[16],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu\u00e9 es el cero absoluto - Temperatura - Definici\u00f3n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La temperatura te\u00f3rica m\u00e1s fr\u00eda se llama cero absoluto. 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