{"id":41004,"date":"2019-09-25T17:17:13","date_gmt":"2019-09-25T16:17:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/que-es-la-curva-adiabatica-adiabat-definicion\/"},"modified":"2020-01-13T11:13:49","modified_gmt":"2020-01-13T10:13:49","slug":"que-es-la-curva-adiabatica-adiabat-definicion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-la-curva-adiabatica-adiabat-definicion\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e9 es la curva adiab\u00e1tica &#8211; Adiabat &#8211; Definici\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">En un diagrama pV, se produce un proceso adiab\u00e1tico a lo largo de una l\u00ednea (llamada adiabat) que tiene la ecuaci\u00f3n p = constante \/ V\u03ba.\u00a0Curva adiab\u00e1tica &#8211; Adiabat<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Proceso adiab\u00e1tico<\/h2>\n<p>Un\u00a0<strong>proceso adiab\u00e1tico<\/strong>\u00a0es un\u00a0<a title=\"Procesos termodin\u00e1micos.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-el-proceso-termodinamico-definicion\/\">proceso termodin\u00e1mico<\/a>\u00a0, en el que no\u00a0<strong>hay transferencia de calor<\/strong>\u00a0dentro o fuera del sistema (Q = 0).\u00a0El sistema puede considerarse\u00a0<strong>perfectamente aislado<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0En un proceso adiab\u00e1tico, la energ\u00eda se transfiere solo como trabajo.\u00a0La suposici\u00f3n de que no hay transferencia de calor es muy importante, ya que podemos usar la aproximaci\u00f3n adiab\u00e1tica solo en\u00a0<strong>procesos muy r\u00e1pidos<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0En estos procesos r\u00e1pidos, no hay tiempo suficiente para que la transferencia de energ\u00eda como calor tenga lugar hacia o desde el sistema.<\/p>\n<p>En dispositivos reales (como turbinas, bombas y compresores) se\u00a0producen\u00a0<strong>p\u00e9rdidas de calor<\/strong>\u00a0y p\u00e9rdidas en el proceso de combusti\u00f3n, pero estas p\u00e9rdidas suelen ser bajas en comparaci\u00f3n con el flujo de energ\u00eda general y podemos aproximar algunos procesos termodin\u00e1micos por el proceso adiab\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Curva adiab\u00e1tica &#8211; Adiabat<\/h2>\n<p>Ver tambi\u00e9n:\u00a0<a title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el gas ideal?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/ideal-gas-law\/what-is-ideal-gas\/\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 es un gas ideal?<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17362\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17362\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/P-V-diagram-adiabatic-process.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17362 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/P-V-diagram-adiabatic-process.png\" alt=\"Diagrama PV - proceso adiab\u00e1tico\" width=\"407\" height=\"340\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/P-V-diagram-adiabatic-process.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17362\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Suponga una expansi\u00f3n adiab\u00e1tica de helio (3 \u2192 4) en una turbina de gas (ciclo de Brayton).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>En un\u00a0<a title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el gas ideal?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/ideal-gas-law\/what-is-ideal-gas\/\">gas ideal<\/a>\u00a0, las mol\u00e9culas no tienen volumen y no interact\u00faan.\u00a0Seg\u00fan la\u00a0<a title=\"Ley del gas ideal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/ideal-gas-law\/\">ley de los gases ideales<\/a>\u00a0, la\u00a0<a title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la presi\u00f3n? - F\u00edsica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-pressure-physics\/\">presi\u00f3n<\/a>\u00a0var\u00eda linealmente con la\u00a0<a title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la temperatura? F\u00edsica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-la-temperatura-fisica-definicion\/\">temperatura<\/a>\u00a0y la cantidad, e inversamente con el\u00a0<a title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el volumen? - F\u00edsica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-volume-physics\/\">volumen<\/a>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>pV = nRT<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>d\u00f3nde:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><span>p<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0es la presi\u00f3n absoluta del gas<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em><span>n<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0es la cantidad de sustancia<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em><span>T<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0es la temperatura absoluta<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em><span>V<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0es el volumen<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em><span>R<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0\u00a0es la constante de gas ideal, o universal, igual al producto de la constante de Boltzmann y la constante de Avogadro,<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>En esta ecuaci\u00f3n, el s\u00edmbolo R es una constante llamada constante de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>gas universal<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0que tiene el mismo valor para todos los gases, es decir, R = 8.31 J \/ mol K.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>El\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>proceso adiab\u00e1tico<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0se puede expresar con la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ley de los gases ideales<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0como:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span>pV\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>\u03ba<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0= constante<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>o<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span>p\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>1<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0V\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>1\u00a0<\/span><\/sub><sup><span>\u03ba<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0= p\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0V\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2\u00a0<\/span><\/sub><sup><span>\u03ba<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span>en el que\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u03ba = c\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>p<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0\/ c\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>v<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0es la relaci\u00f3n de los\u00a0<a title=\"Heat Capacity \u2013 Specific Heat Capacity\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/laws-of-thermodynamics\/first-law-of-thermodynamics\/heat-capacity\/\"><strong>calores espec\u00edficos<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0(o\u00a0<strong>capacidades de calor<\/strong>\u00a0) para el gas.\u00a0Uno para\u00a0<strong>presi\u00f3n constante (c\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sub>p<\/sub><\/strong><strong>\u00a0)<\/strong>\u00a0y otro para\u00a0<strong>volumen constante (c\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sub>v<\/sub><\/strong><strong>\u00a0)<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Tenga en cuenta que esta relaci\u00f3n\u00a0<strong>\u03ba\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>= c\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sub>p<\/sub><\/strong><strong>\u00a0\/ c\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sub>v<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0es un factor para determinar la velocidad del sonido en un gas y otros procesos adiab\u00e1ticos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Otra relaci\u00f3n p, V, T<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pVT-relation-isentropic-process.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17281 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pVT-relation-isentropic-process.png\" alt=\"Relaci\u00f3n p, V, T - proceso isentr\u00f3pico\" width=\"209\" height=\"72\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pVT-relation-isentropic-process.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>En un\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>diagrama pV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, el proceso ocurre a lo largo de una l\u00ednea (llamada\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>adiabat<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0) que tiene la ecuaci\u00f3n\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>p = constante \/ V\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>\u03ba<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Para un proceso ideal de gas y politr\u00f3pico, el caso\u00a0<\/span><i><span>n = \u03ba\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/strong><span><strong>corresponde a un proceso adiab\u00e1tico.<\/strong><\/span><i>\u00a0\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este art\u00edculo se basa en la traducci\u00f3n autom\u00e1tica del art\u00edculo original en ingl\u00e9s. Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n vea el art\u00edculo en ingl\u00e9s. Puedes ayudarnos. Si desea corregir la traducci\u00f3n, env\u00edela a: translations@nuclear-power.com o complete el formulario de traducci\u00f3n en l\u00ednea. Agradecemos su ayuda, actualizaremos la traducci\u00f3n lo antes posible. Gracias.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En un diagrama pV, se produce un proceso adiab\u00e1tico a lo largo de una l\u00ednea (llamada adiabat) que tiene la ecuaci\u00f3n p = constante \/ V\u03ba.\u00a0Curva adiab\u00e1tica &#8211; Adiabat Proceso adiab\u00e1tico Un\u00a0proceso adiab\u00e1tico\u00a0es un\u00a0proceso termodin\u00e1mico\u00a0, en el que no\u00a0hay transferencia de calor\u00a0dentro o fuera del sistema (Q = 0).\u00a0El sistema puede considerarse\u00a0perfectamente aislado\u00a0.\u00a0En un proceso &#8230; <a title=\"Qu\u00e9 es la curva adiab\u00e1tica &#8211; Adiabat &#8211; Definici\u00f3n\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-la-curva-adiabatica-adiabat-definicion\/\" aria-label=\"M\u00e1s en Qu\u00e9 es la curva adiab\u00e1tica &#8211; Adiabat &#8211; Definici\u00f3n\">Leer m\u00e1s<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[16],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu\u00e9 es la curva adiab\u00e1tica - Adiabat - Definici\u00f3n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En un diagrama p-V, se produce un proceso adiab\u00e1tico a lo largo de una l\u00ednea (llamada adiabat) que tiene la ecuaci\u00f3n p = constante \/ V\u03ba. 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