{"id":41227,"date":"2019-09-26T09:11:01","date_gmt":"2019-09-26T08:11:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/que-es-la-constante-de-gas-universal-definicion\/"},"modified":"2019-09-26T09:11:01","modified_gmt":"2019-09-26T08:11:01","slug":"que-es-la-constante-de-gas-universal-definicion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-la-constante-de-gas-universal-definicion\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la constante de gas universal? Definici\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\"><span>pV = nRT.\u00a0En esta ecuaci\u00f3n, el s\u00edmbolo R es una constante llamada constante de gas universal que tiene el mismo valor para todos los gases, a saber, R = 8.31 J \/ mol K. Ingenier\u00eda t\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Constante universal de gas<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Cualquier ecuaci\u00f3n que relacione la presi\u00f3n, la temperatura y el volumen espec\u00edfico de una sustancia se llama\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ecuaci\u00f3n de estado<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0La\u00a0ecuaci\u00f3n de estado\u00a0m\u00e1s simple y\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>mejor conocida<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0para las sustancias en la fase gaseosa es la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ecuaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de estado del\u00a0<strong>gas ideal<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0\u00c9mile Clapeyron lo declar\u00f3 por primera vez en 1834 como una combinaci\u00f3n de la ley emp\u00edrica de Boyle, la ley de Charles y la ley de Avogadro.\u00a0Esta ecuaci\u00f3n predice el\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>comportamiento pvT<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de un gas con bastante precisi\u00f3n para gases diluidos o de baja presi\u00f3n.\u00a0En un gas ideal, las mol\u00e9culas no tienen volumen y no interact\u00faan.\u00a0Seg\u00fan la ley de los gases ideales, la presi\u00f3n var\u00eda linealmente con la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>temperatura<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0y la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>cantidad<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, e inversamente con el\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>volumen<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><i><span>pV = nRT<\/span><\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>d\u00f3nde:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em><span>p<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0es la<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0presi\u00f3n absoluta<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0del gas<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><em><span>n<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0es la<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0cantidad<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de sustancia<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><em><span>T<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0es la<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0temperatura absoluta<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em><span>V<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0es el<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0volumen<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em><span>R<\/span><\/em>\u00a0<\/strong><span>\u00a0es la<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0constante de gas<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0ideal, o universal,igual al producto de la constante de Boltzmann y la constante de Avogadro,<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>En esta ecuaci\u00f3n, el s\u00edmbolo R es una constante llamada constante de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>gas universal<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0que tiene el mismo valor para todos los gases, es decir,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>R = 8.31 J \/ mol K.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>El poder de la ley del gas ideal est\u00e1 en su\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>simplicidad<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Cuando\u00a0<strong>se\u00a0<\/strong><strong>dan\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><strong><span>dos<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de las variables termodin\u00e1micas, p, v y T\u00a0,\u00a0se\u00a0<strong>puede encontrar f\u00e1cilmente<\/strong>\u00a0la\u00a0<strong>tercera<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Muchas condiciones f\u00edsicas de gases calculadas por los ingenieros se ajustan a la descripci\u00f3n anterior.\u00a0Quiz\u00e1s el uso m\u00e1s com\u00fan del comportamiento del gas estudiado por los ingenieros es el proceso de compresi\u00f3n y el proceso de expansi\u00f3n utilizando aproximaciones ideales del gas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Molar-specific-heats-ideal-gas.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16807 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Molar-specific-heats-ideal-gas.png\" alt=\"Calor espec\u00edfico molar: gas ideal\" width=\"353\" height=\"251\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Molar-specific-heats-ideal-gas.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este art\u00edculo se basa en la traducci\u00f3n autom\u00e1tica del art\u00edculo original en ingl\u00e9s. Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n vea el art\u00edculo en ingl\u00e9s. Puedes ayudarnos. Si desea corregir la traducci\u00f3n, env\u00edela a: translations@nuclear-power.com o complete el formulario de traducci\u00f3n en l\u00ednea. Agradecemos su ayuda, actualizaremos la traducci\u00f3n lo antes posible. Gracias.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>pV = nRT.\u00a0En esta ecuaci\u00f3n, el s\u00edmbolo R es una constante llamada constante de gas universal que tiene el mismo valor para todos los gases, a saber, R = 8.31 J \/ mol K. Ingenier\u00eda t\u00e9rmica Constante universal de gas Cualquier ecuaci\u00f3n que relacione la presi\u00f3n, la temperatura y el volumen espec\u00edfico de una sustancia &#8230; <a title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la constante de gas universal? Definici\u00f3n\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-la-constante-de-gas-universal-definicion\/\" aria-label=\"M\u00e1s en \u00bfQu\u00e9 es la constante de gas universal? Definici\u00f3n\">Leer m\u00e1s<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[16],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la constante de gas universal? Definici\u00f3n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"pV = nRT. En esta ecuaci\u00f3n, el s\u00edmbolo R es una constante llamada constante de gas universal que tiene el mismo valor para todos los gases, a saber, R = 8.31 J \/ mol K. 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