{"id":41283,"date":"2019-09-26T18:38:22","date_gmt":"2019-09-26T17:38:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/que-es-el-cambio-de-entalpia-delta-h-definicion\/"},"modified":"2020-01-14T10:12:58","modified_gmt":"2020-01-14T09:12:58","slug":"que-es-el-cambio-de-entalpia-delta-h-definicion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-el-cambio-de-entalpia-delta-h-definicion\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e9 es el cambio de entalp\u00eda &#8211; delta h &#8211; Definici\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">La entalp\u00eda est\u00e1 representada por el s\u00edmbolo H, y el cambio en la entalp\u00eda en un proceso (delta h) es H2 &#8211; H1.\u00a0Delta h se calcula aqu\u00ed para varios ejemplos.\u00a0Ingenieria termal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Entalp\u00eda en unidades extensas<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16538\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16538\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Extensive-vs.-Intensive-properties-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16538 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Extensive-vs.-Intensive-properties-min-238x300.png\" alt=\"Propiedades termodin\u00e1micas extensivas versus intensivas\" width=\"238\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Extensive-vs.-Intensive-properties-min-238x300.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16538\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Propiedades extensivas e intensivas del medio en el presurizador.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em><strong>H = U + pV<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la entalp\u00eda?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/what-is-enthalpy\/\"><strong>La entalp\u00eda<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0es una cantidad extensa, depende del tama\u00f1o del sistema o de la cantidad de sustancia que contiene.\u00a0La unidad de entalp\u00eda del SI es el joule (J).\u00a0Es la energ\u00eda contenida dentro del sistema, excluyendo la energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica de movimiento del sistema como un todo y la energ\u00eda potencial del sistema como un todo debido a los campos de fuerza externos.\u00a0Es la cantidad termodin\u00e1mica equivalente al<strong>\u00a0contenido<\/strong>\u00a0de<strong>\u00a0calor total<\/strong>\u00a0de un sistema.<\/p>\n<p>Por otro lado, la energ\u00eda puede almacenarse en los enlaces qu\u00edmicos entre los \u00e1tomos que forman las mol\u00e9culas.\u00a0Este almacenamiento de energ\u00eda a nivel at\u00f3mico incluye energ\u00eda asociada con estados orbitales de electrones, esp\u00edn nuclear y fuerzas de uni\u00f3n en el n\u00facleo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La entalp\u00eda<\/strong>\u00a0est\u00e1 representada por el s\u00edmbolo\u00a0<strong>H<\/strong>\u00a0, y el cambio en la entalp\u00eda (delta H) en un proceso es\u00a0<strong>H\u00a0<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0&#8211; H\u00a0<sub>1<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p>Hay expresiones en t\u00e9rminos de variables m\u00e1s familiares como\u00a0<a title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la temperatura? F\u00edsica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-la-temperatura-fisica-definicion\/\">temperatura<\/a>\u00a0y\u00a0<a title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la presi\u00f3n? - F\u00edsica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-pressure-physics\/\">presi\u00f3n<\/a>\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>dH = C\u00a0<sub>p<\/sub>\u00a0dT + V (1-\u03b1T) dp<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Donde\u00a0<strong>C\u00a0<sub>p<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0es la\u00a0<strong>capacidad calor\u00edfica a presi\u00f3n constante<\/strong>\u00a0y\u00a0<strong><em>\u03b1<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0es el coeficiente de expansi\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica (c\u00fabica).\u00a0Para gas ideal \u03b1T = 1 y por lo tanto:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>dH = C\u00a0<sub>p<\/sub>\u00a0dT<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span>Ejemplo: Pist\u00f3n sin fricci\u00f3n &#8211; Calor &#8211; Entalp\u00eda<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16678\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16678\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Enthalpy-example-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16678 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Enthalpy-example-min-224x300.png\" alt=\"Entalp\u00eda - Ejemplo - Un pist\u00f3n sin fricci\u00f3n\" width=\"224\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Enthalpy-example-min-224x300.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16678\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Calcule la temperatura final, si se agregan 3000 kJ de calor.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span>Un pist\u00f3n sin fricci\u00f3n se utiliza para proporcionar una presi\u00f3n constante de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>500 kPa<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0en un cilindro que contiene vapor de agua (\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Vapor supercalentado\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-steam-what-is-steam\/superheated-steam\/\"><span>vapor sobrecalentado<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0) de un volumen de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>2 m\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>500 K<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Calcule la temperatura final, si\u00a0se agregan\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>3000 kJ<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>calor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Soluci\u00f3n:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Usando\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Tablas de vapor: propiedades espec\u00edficas del agua y el vapor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/steam-tables\/\"><span>tablas de vapor<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, sabemos que la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>entalp\u00eda espec\u00edfica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de dicho vapor (500 kPa; 500 K) es de aproximadamente\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>2912 kJ \/ kg<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Como en esta condici\u00f3n el vapor tiene una densidad de 2.2 kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>3<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0, entonces sabemos que hay alrededor de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>4.4 kg de vapor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0en el pist\u00f3n a una entalp\u00eda de 2912 kJ \/ kg x 4.4 kg =\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>12812 kJ<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Cuando usamos simplemente\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Q = H\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0&#8211; H\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>1<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0, la entalp\u00eda de vapor resultante ser\u00e1:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>H\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= H\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>1<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0+ Q =\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>15812 kJ<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>De\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>las mesas de vapor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, dicho vapor sobrecalentado (15812 \/ 4.4 = 3593 kJ \/ kg) tendr\u00e1 una temperatura de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>828 K (555 \u00b0 C)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Dado que en esta entalp\u00eda el vapor tiene una densidad de 1.31 kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>3<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0, es obvio que se ha expandido aproximadamente 2.2 \/ 1.31 = 1.67 (+ 67%).\u00a0Por lo tanto, el volumen resultante es 2 m\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>3<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0x 1.67 = 3.34 m\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>3<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0y \u2206V = 3.34 m\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>3<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0&#8211; 2 m\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>3<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0= 1.34 m\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>3<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>La\u00a0parte\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>p\u2206V<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de la entalp\u00eda, es decir, el trabajo realizado es:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>W = p\u2206V = 500 000 Pa x 1.34 m\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>3<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0= 670 kJ<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Entalp\u00eda en Unidades Intensivas &#8211; Entalp\u00eda Espec\u00edfica<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>La\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>entalp\u00eda<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0se puede convertir en una\u00a0variable\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>intensiva<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>espec\u00edfica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0dividi\u00e9ndola por la\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la misa?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-mass-and-weight\/what-is-mass\/\"><span>masa<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Los ingenieros usan la\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span>entalp\u00eda espec\u00edfica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0en el an\u00e1lisis termodin\u00e1mico m\u00e1s que la entalp\u00eda misma.\u00a0La entalp\u00eda espec\u00edfica (h) de una sustancia es su entalp\u00eda por unidad de masa.\u00a0Es igual a la entalp\u00eda total (H) dividida por la masa total (m).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span>h = H \/ m<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>d\u00f3nde:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>h = entalp\u00eda espec\u00edfica (J \/ kg)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>H = entalp\u00eda (J)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>m = masa (kg)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Tenga en cuenta que la entalp\u00eda es la cantidad termodin\u00e1mica equivalente al\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>contenido total de calor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de un sistema.\u00a0La entalp\u00eda espec\u00edfica es igual a la\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Energ\u00eda interna espec\u00edfica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/internal-energy-thermal-energy\/specific-internal-energy\/\"><span>energ\u00eda interna espec\u00edfica<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0del sistema m\u00e1s el producto de\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la presi\u00f3n? - F\u00edsica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-pressure-physics\/\"><span>presi\u00f3n<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0y\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el volumen espec\u00edfico?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-specific-volume\/\"><span>volumen espec\u00edfico<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span>h = u + pv<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span>En general, la entalp\u00eda es una\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>propiedad de una sustancia<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, como la presi\u00f3n, la temperatura y el volumen, pero no se puede medir directamente.\u00a0Normalmente, la entalp\u00eda de una sustancia se da con respecto a alg\u00fan valor de referencia.\u00a0Por ejemplo, la entalp\u00eda espec\u00edfica de agua o vapor se da usando la referencia de que la entalp\u00eda espec\u00edfica de agua es\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>cero a 0.01 \u00b0 C<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0y\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Presi\u00f3n atmosf\u00e9rica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-pressure-physics\/atmospheric-pressure\/\"><strong><span>presi\u00f3n atmosf\u00e9rica normal<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0, donde\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>L<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= 0.00 kJ \/ kg<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Sin embargo, el hecho de que se desconozca el valor absoluto de la entalp\u00eda espec\u00edfica no es un problema, porque es el\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>cambio en la entalp\u00eda espec\u00edfica (\u2206h)<\/span><\/strong><span> y no el valor absoluto lo que es importante en los problemas pr\u00e1cticos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span>Cambios de entalp\u00eda en reacciones qu\u00edmicas<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_15727\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15727\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Combustion-of-Hydrogen-schematic.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-15727 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Combustion-of-Hydrogen-schematic-300x248.png\" alt=\"Combusti\u00f3n de Hidr\u00f3geno\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Combustion-of-Hydrogen-schematic-300x248.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15727\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>En una llama de hidr\u00f3geno puro, que se quema en el aire, el hidr\u00f3geno (H2) reacciona con el ox\u00edgeno (O2) para formar agua (H2O) y libera energ\u00eda.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span>Considere la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>combusti\u00f3n de hidr\u00f3geno<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0en el aire.\u00a0En una llama de hidr\u00f3geno puro, que se quema en el aire, el\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>hidr\u00f3geno (H\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0reacciona con el\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ox\u00edgeno (O\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0para formar\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>agua (H\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0O)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0y\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>libera energ\u00eda<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Energ\u00e9ticamente, el proceso se puede considerar para requerir la energ\u00eda para disociar el\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>H\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0<\/strong><span>\u00a0y\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>O\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0, pero entonces la uni\u00f3n de las H\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0O devuelve el sistema a un estado ligado con\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>potencial negativo<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0En realidad, es\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>m\u00e1s negativo<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0que los estados unidos de los reactivos, y la formaci\u00f3n de las dos mol\u00e9culas de agua es, por lo tanto, una\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>reacci\u00f3n exot\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, que libera 5,7 eV de energ\u00eda.\u00a0En palabras de entalp\u00eda, la entalp\u00eda de combusti\u00f3n es \u2212286 kJ \/ mol:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>2H\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0(g) + O\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0(g) \u2192 2H\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0O (g)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>En palabras de entalp\u00eda, la entalp\u00eda de combusti\u00f3n es \u2212286 kJ \/ mol (energ\u00eda por mol de hidr\u00f3geno molecular):<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>2H\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0(g) + O\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0(g) \u2192 2H\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0O (l) +572 kJ<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>El equilibrio de energ\u00eda antes y despu\u00e9s de la reacci\u00f3n se puede ilustrar esquem\u00e1ticamente con el estado en el que todos los \u00e1tomos se toman libremente como referencia para la energ\u00eda.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Entalp\u00eda de vaporizaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16677\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16677\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Specific-Enthalpy-Water-and-Steam-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16677 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Specific-Enthalpy-Water-and-Steam-min-242x300.png\" alt=\"Calor latente de vaporizaci\u00f3n: agua a 0.1 MPa, 3 MPa, 16 MPa\" width=\"242\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Specific-Enthalpy-Water-and-Steam-min-242x300.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16677\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>El calor de vaporizaci\u00f3n disminuye al aumentar la presi\u00f3n, mientras que aumenta el punto de ebullici\u00f3n.\u00a0Se desvanece por completo en un cierto punto llamado punto cr\u00edtico.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span>En general, cuando un material\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>cambia de fase<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de s\u00f3lido a l\u00edquido, o de l\u00edquido a gas, una cierta cantidad de energ\u00eda est\u00e1 involucrada en este cambio de fase.\u00a0En caso de cambio de fase de l\u00edquido a gas, esta cantidad de energ\u00eda se conoce como\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>entalp\u00eda de vaporizaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, (s\u00edmbolo \u2206H\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>vap<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0; unidad: J) tambi\u00e9n conocido como\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>calor (latente) de vaporizaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0o calor de evaporaci\u00f3n.\u00a0El calor latente es la cantidad de calor agregado o eliminado de una sustancia para producir un cambio de fase.\u00a0Esta energ\u00eda descompone las fuerzas de atracci\u00f3n intermoleculares, y tambi\u00e9n debe proporcionar la energ\u00eda necesaria para expandir el gas (el\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>trabajo p\u0394V<\/span><\/strong><span>)\u00a0Cuando se agrega calor latente, no ocurre cambio de temperatura.\u00a0La entalp\u00eda de la vaporizaci\u00f3n es una funci\u00f3n de la presi\u00f3n a la que tiene lugar esa transformaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Calor latente de vaporizaci\u00f3n &#8211; agua a 0.1 MPa (presi\u00f3n atmosf\u00e9rica)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>lg<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= 2257 kJ \/ kg<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Calor latente de vaporizaci\u00f3n: agua a 3 MPa (presi\u00f3n dentro de un generador de vapor)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>lg<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= 1795 kJ \/ kg<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Calor latente de vaporizaci\u00f3n: agua a 16 MPa (presi\u00f3n dentro de un\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Presurizador\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/pressurizer\/\"><span>presurizador<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>lg<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= 931 kJ \/ kg<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>El\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>calor de vaporizaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0disminuye al aumentar la presi\u00f3n, mientras que\u00a0aumenta el\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Saturaci\u00f3n - Punto de ebullici\u00f3n\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-la-saturacion-punto-de-ebullicion-definicion\/\"><span>punto de ebullici\u00f3n<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Se desvanece por completo en un cierto punto llamado\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Punto cr\u00edtico de agua\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-of-water\/critical-point-of-water\/\"><span>punto cr\u00edtico<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Por encima del punto cr\u00edtico, las fases l\u00edquida y de vapor son indistinguibles, y la sustancia se llama\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Fluido Supercr\u00edtico - Agua Supercr\u00edtica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-steam-what-is-steam\/supercritical-fluid-supercritical-water\/\"><span>fluido supercr\u00edtico<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>El calor de vaporizaci\u00f3n es el calor requerido para vaporizar completamente una unidad de\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"L\u00edquido saturado y subenfriado\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-steam-what-is-steam\/saturated-and-subcooled-liquid\/\"><span>l\u00edquido saturado<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0(o condensar una unidad de masa de vapor saturado) y es igual a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>lg<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>g<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0&#8211; h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>l<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>El calor necesario para derretir (o congelar) una unidad de masa en la sustancia a presi\u00f3n constante es el calor de fusi\u00f3n y es igual a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>sl<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>l<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0&#8211; h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>s<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0, donde h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>s<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0es la entalp\u00eda del s\u00f3lido saturado y h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>l<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0Es la entalp\u00eda del l\u00edquido saturado.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16676\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16676\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Phease-Changes-Heat-of-Vaporization-Water-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16676 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Phease-Changes-Heat-of-Vaporization-Water-min-1024x454.png\" alt=\"Cambios de fase - entalp\u00eda de vaporizaci\u00f3n\" width=\"669\" height=\"297\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Phease-Changes-Heat-of-Vaporization-Water-min-1024x454.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16676\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Calor latente de vaporizaci\u00f3n &#8211; agua a 0.1 MPa.\u00a0Parte dominante del calor absorbido.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16678\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16678\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16678\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este art\u00edculo se basa en la traducci\u00f3n autom\u00e1tica del art\u00edculo original en ingl\u00e9s. Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n vea el art\u00edculo en ingl\u00e9s. Puedes ayudarnos. Si desea corregir la traducci\u00f3n, env\u00edela a: translations@nuclear-power.com o complete el formulario de traducci\u00f3n en l\u00ednea. Agradecemos su ayuda, actualizaremos la traducci\u00f3n lo antes posible. Gracias.<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La entalp\u00eda est\u00e1 representada por el s\u00edmbolo H, y el cambio en la entalp\u00eda en un proceso (delta h) es H2 &#8211; H1.\u00a0Delta h se calcula aqu\u00ed para varios ejemplos.\u00a0Ingenieria termal Entalp\u00eda en unidades extensas Propiedades extensivas e intensivas del medio en el presurizador. H = U + pV La entalp\u00eda\u00a0\u00a0es una cantidad extensa, depende &#8230; <a title=\"Qu\u00e9 es el cambio de entalp\u00eda &#8211; delta h &#8211; Definici\u00f3n\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-el-cambio-de-entalpia-delta-h-definicion\/\" aria-label=\"M\u00e1s en Qu\u00e9 es el cambio de entalp\u00eda &#8211; delta h &#8211; Definici\u00f3n\">Leer m\u00e1s<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[16],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu\u00e9 es el cambio de entalp\u00eda - delta h - Definici\u00f3n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La entalp\u00eda est\u00e1 representada por el s\u00edmbolo H, y el cambio en la entalp\u00eda en un proceso (delta h) es H2 - H1. 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