{"id":50138,"date":"2020-01-11T10:11:55","date_gmt":"2020-01-11T09:11:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/que-es-el-ciclo-de-otto-pv-diagrama-de-ts-definicion\/"},"modified":"2020-01-11T10:14:56","modified_gmt":"2020-01-11T09:14:56","slug":"que-es-el-ciclo-de-otto-pv-diagrama-de-ts-definicion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-el-ciclo-de-otto-pv-diagrama-de-ts-definicion\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e9 es el ciclo de Otto &#8211; pV, diagrama de Ts &#8211; definici\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">Ciclo de Otto &#8211; pV, Diagrama Ts. El ciclo de Otto a menudo se representa en un diagrama de presi\u00f3n-volumen (diagrama pV) y en un diagrama de temperatura-entrop\u00eda (diagrama Ts). Ingenieria termal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Ciclo de Carnot &#8211; pV, diagrama Ts<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17461\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17461\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Otto-Cycle-PV-Diagram.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-17461 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Otto-Cycle-PV-Diagram-300x245.png\" alt=\"Otto Cycle - Diagrama PV\" width=\"300\" height=\"245\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Otto-Cycle-PV-Diagram-300x245.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17461\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diagrama pV del ciclo Otto.\u00a0El \u00e1rea delimitada por la ruta completa del ciclo representa el trabajo total que se puede hacer durante un ciclo.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>El\u00a0<strong>ciclo de Otto a<\/strong>\u00a0menudo se representa en un diagrama de presi\u00f3n-volumen (diagrama\u00a0<strong>pV<\/strong>\u00a0) y en un diagrama de temperatura-entrop\u00eda (diagrama Ts).\u00a0Cuando se traza en un diagrama de volumen de presi\u00f3n, los\u00a0<strong>procesos isocr\u00f3ricos<\/strong>\u00a0siguen las l\u00edneas isocr\u00f3ricas para el gas (las l\u00edneas verticales), los\u00a0<strong>procesos adiab\u00e1ticos se<\/strong>\u00a0mueven entre estas l\u00edneas verticales y el \u00e1rea delimitada por la ruta completa del ciclo representa el trabajo total que se puede hacer durante uno ciclo.<\/p>\n<p>El diagrama de temperatura-entrop\u00eda (diagrama\u00a0<strong>Ts<\/strong>\u00a0) en el que el estado termodin\u00e1mico se especifica mediante un punto en un gr\u00e1fico con\u00a0<a title=\"Entrop\u00eda Espec\u00edfica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/what-is-entropy\/specific-entropy\/\">entrop\u00eda espec\u00edfica<\/a>\u00a0(s) como eje horizontal y temperatura absoluta (T) como eje vertical.\u00a0Los diagramas Ts son una herramienta \u00fatil y com\u00fan, particularmente porque ayuda a visualizar la transferencia de calor durante un proceso.\u00a0Para procesos reversibles (ideales), el \u00e1rea bajo la curva Ts de un proceso es el calor transferido al sistema durante ese proceso.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_17587\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17587\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Ts-diagram-Otto-cycle.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-17587 size-medium lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Ts-diagram-Otto-cycle-300x250.png\" alt=\"Diagrama Ts - ciclo Otto\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Ts-diagram-Otto-cycle-300x250.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17587\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Para procesos reversibles (ideales), el \u00e1rea bajo la curva Ts de un proceso es el calor transferido al sistema durante ese proceso.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-50 lgc-tablet-grid-50 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Proceso isentr\u00f3pico<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Un\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Proceso isentr\u00f3pico\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-el-proceso-isentropico-definicion\/\"><strong><span>proceso isentr\u00f3pico<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0es un\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Procesos termodin\u00e1micos.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-el-proceso-termodinamico-definicion\/\"><strong><span>proceso termodin\u00e1mico<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0, en el cual la\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la entrop\u00eda?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/what-is-entropy\/\"><strong><span>entrop\u00eda<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<\/a><span>del fluido o gas permanece constante.\u00a0Significa que el\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>proceso isentr\u00f3pico<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0es un caso especial de un\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>proceso adiab\u00e1tico<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0en el que no hay transferencia de calor o materia.\u00a0Es un\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>proceso adiab\u00e1tico reversible<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0La suposici\u00f3n de que no hay transferencia de calor es muy importante, ya que podemos usar la aproximaci\u00f3n adiab\u00e1tica solo en\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>procesos muy r\u00e1pidos<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Proceso isentr\u00f3pico y la primera ley<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Para un sistema cerrado, podemos escribir la\u00a0<\/span><strong><a title=\"Primera ley en t\u00e9rminos de entalp\u00eda dH = dQ + Vdp\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/laws-of-thermodynamics\/first-law-of-thermodynamics\/first-law-in-terms-of-enthalpy-dh-dq-vdp\/\"><span>primera ley de la termodin\u00e1mica en t\u00e9rminos de entalp\u00eda<\/span><\/a><\/strong><span>\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>dH = dQ + Vdp<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>o<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>dH = TdS + Vdp<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Proceso isentr\u00f3pico (dQ = 0):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>dH = Vdp \u2192 W = H\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0&#8211; H\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>1<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u2192 H\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0&#8211; H\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>1<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0=\u00a0<\/span><em><span>C\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sub><span>p<\/span><\/sub><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span>\u00a0(T\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span>\u00a0&#8211; T\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sub><span>1<\/span><\/sub><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span>\u00a0) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><em><span>\u00a0(para\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el gas ideal?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/ideal-gas-law\/what-is-ideal-gas\/\"><span>gas ideal<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Proceso isentr\u00f3pico del gas ideal<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>El\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>proceso isentr\u00f3pico<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(un caso especial de proceso adiab\u00e1tico) se puede expresar con la\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Ley del gas ideal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/ideal-gas-law\/\"><strong><span>ley de los gases ideales<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0como:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span>pV\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>\u03ba<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0= constante<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>o<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span>p\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>1<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0V\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>1\u00a0<\/span><\/sub><sup><span>\u03ba<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0= p\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0V\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2\u00a0<\/span><\/sub><sup><span>\u03ba<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span>en el que\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u03ba = c\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>p<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0\/ c\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>v<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0es la relaci\u00f3n de los\u00a0<a title=\"Capacidad de calor - Capacidad de calor espec\u00edfica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/laws-of-thermodynamics\/first-law-of-thermodynamics\/heat-capacity\/\"><strong>calores espec\u00edficos<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0(o\u00a0<strong>capacidades de calor<\/strong>\u00a0) para el gas.\u00a0Uno para\u00a0<strong>presi\u00f3n constante (c\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sub>p<\/sub><\/strong><strong>\u00a0)<\/strong>\u00a0y otro para\u00a0<strong>volumen constante (c\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sub>v<\/sub><\/strong><strong>\u00a0)<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Tenga en cuenta que esta relaci\u00f3n\u00a0<strong>\u03ba\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>= c\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sub>p<\/sub><\/strong><strong>\u00a0\/ c\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sub>v<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0es un factor para determinar la velocidad del sonido en un gas y otros procesos adiab\u00e1ticos.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-50 lgc-tablet-grid-50 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Proceso isot\u00e9rmico<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Un\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Proceso isoc\u00f3rico - Proceso isom\u00e9trico\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-el-proceso-isocorico-proceso-isometrico-definicion\/\"><strong><span>proceso isocr\u00f3rico<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0es un proceso termodin\u00e1mico, en el que el\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>volumen<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0del sistema cerrado\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>permanece constante<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(V = constante).\u00a0Describe el comportamiento del gas dentro del contenedor, que no puede deformarse.\u00a0Como el volumen permanece constante, la transferencia de calor dentro o fuera del sistema no funciona con el\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"p\u0394V Work - Trabajo de l\u00edmite y V\u0394p Work\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/laws-of-thermodynamics\/first-law-of-thermodynamics\/p%ce%b4v-work-boundary-work-and-v%ce%b4p-work\/\"><span>p\u2206V<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, sino que solo cambia la\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-la-energia-interna-energia-termica-definicion\/\"><strong><span>energ\u00eda interna<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0(la temperatura) del sistema.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Proceso isocr\u00f3rico y la primera ley<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>La forma cl\u00e1sica de la\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Primera ley de la termodin\u00e1mica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-la-primera-ley-de-la-termodinamica-definicion\/\"><span>primera ley de la termodin\u00e1mica<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0es la siguiente ecuaci\u00f3n:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>dU = dQ &#8211; dW<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>En esta ecuaci\u00f3n, dW es igual a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>dW = pdV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0y se conoce como el\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"p\u0394V Work - Trabajo de l\u00edmite y V\u0394p Work\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/laws-of-thermodynamics\/first-law-of-thermodynamics\/p%ce%b4v-work-boundary-work-and-v%ce%b4p-work\/\"><span>trabajo l\u00edmite<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Luego:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>dU = dQ &#8211; pdV<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>En el\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>proceso isocr\u00f3rico<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0y el\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>gas ideal<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, todo el calor agregado al sistema se utilizar\u00e1 para aumentar la energ\u00eda interna.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Proceso isoc\u00f3rico (pdV = 0):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>dU = dQ \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><em><span>(para gas ideal)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>dU = 0 = Q &#8211; W \u2192 W = Q \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em><span>(para gas ideal)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Proceso isocr\u00f3rico del gas ideal<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>El\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>proceso isocr\u00f3rico<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0se puede expresar con la\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Ley del gas ideal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/ideal-gas-law\/\"><strong><span>ley de los gases ideales<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0como:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isochoric-process-equation-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17465 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isochoric-process-equation-1.png\" alt=\"proceso isocr\u00f3rico - ecuaci\u00f3n 1\" width=\"138\" height=\"52\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isochoric-process-equation-1.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>o<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isochoric-process-equation-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17466 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isochoric-process-equation-2.png\" alt=\"proceso isocr\u00f3rico - ecuaci\u00f3n 2\" width=\"86\" height=\"66\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isochoric-process-equation-2.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>En un\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>diagrama pV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, el proceso ocurre a lo largo de una l\u00ednea horizontal que tiene la ecuaci\u00f3n V = constante.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ver tambi\u00e9n:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Ley de Guy-Lussac\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-la-ley-de-gay-lussac-definicion\/\"><span>Ley de Guy-Lussac<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-50 lgc-tablet-grid-50 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_17280\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17280\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Isentropic-Process-characteristics.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17280 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Isentropic-Process-characteristics.png\" alt=\"Proceso isentr\u00f3pico - caracter\u00edsticas\" width=\"386\" height=\"609\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Isentropic-Process-characteristics.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17280\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Proceso isentr\u00f3pico &#8211; caracter\u00edsticas principales<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-50 lgc-tablet-grid-50 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_17463\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17463\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Isochoric-process-main-characteristics.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17463 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Isochoric-process-main-characteristics.png\" alt=\"Proceso isocr\u00f3rico - caracter\u00edsticas principales\" width=\"382\" height=\"468\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Isochoric-process-main-characteristics.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17463\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Proceso isocr\u00f3rico &#8211; caracter\u00edsticas principales<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Comparaci\u00f3n de los ciclos reales e ideales de Otto<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Otto-engine-vs.-Otto-cycle.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright  wp-image-17556 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Otto-engine-vs.-Otto-cycle.png\" alt=\"Motor Otto vs ciclo Otto\" width=\"332\" height=\"556\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Otto-engine-vs.-Otto-cycle.png\" \/><\/a><span>En esta secci\u00f3n, se muestra un\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ciclo ideal de Otto<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0en el que hay muchos\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>supuestos que<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0difieren del\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ciclo real de Otto<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Las principales diferencias entre el motor Otto real e ideal aparecen en la figura.\u00a0En realidad, el ciclo ideal no ocurre y hay muchas p\u00e9rdidas asociadas con cada proceso.\u00a0Para un ciclo real, la forma del diagrama pV es similar al ideal, pero el \u00e1rea (trabajo) encerrada en el diagrama pV siempre es menor que el valor ideal.\u00a0El ciclo ideal de Otto se basa en los siguientes supuestos:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>Ciclo cerrado. <\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0La mayor diferencia entre los dos diagramas es la simplificaci\u00f3n de las carreras de admisi\u00f3n y escape en el ciclo ideal.\u00a0En la carrera de escape, el calor Q\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>a cabo<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0se expulsa al medio ambiente, en un motor real, las hojas de gas del motor y se sustituye por una nueva mezcla de aire y combustible.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Adici\u00f3n de calor instant\u00e1neo<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(adici\u00f3n de calor isocr\u00f3rico).\u00a0En los motores reales, la adici\u00f3n de calor no es instant\u00e1nea, por lo tanto, la presi\u00f3n m\u00e1xima no est\u00e1 en TDC, sino justo despu\u00e9s de TDC.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Sin transferencia de calor (adiab\u00e1tico)<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Compresi\u00f3n: el gas (mezcla de combustible y aire) se comprime adiab\u00e1ticamente del estado 1 al estado 2. En los motores reales, siempre hay algunas ineficiencias que reducen la eficiencia t\u00e9rmica.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Expansi\u00f3n.\u00a0El gas (mezcla de combustible y aire) se expande adiab\u00e1ticamente del estado 3 al estado 4.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Combusti\u00f3n completa<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de la mezcla de combustible y aire.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Sin trabajo de bombeo<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0El trabajo de bombeo es la diferencia entre el trabajo realizado durante la carrera de escape y el trabajo realizado durante la carrera de admisi\u00f3n.\u00a0En ciclos reales, hay una diferencia de presi\u00f3n entre las presiones de escape y de entrada.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Sin p\u00e9rdida por purga<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0La p\u00e9rdida por purga es causada por la apertura temprana de las v\u00e1lvulas de escape.\u00a0Esto da como resultado una p\u00e9rdida de producci\u00f3n de trabajo durante la carrera de expansi\u00f3n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Sin p\u00e9rdidas por golpe<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0La p\u00e9rdida por soplado es causada por la fuga de gases comprimidos a trav\u00e9s de anillos de pist\u00f3n y otras grietas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Sin p\u00e9rdidas por fricci\u00f3n<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Estos supuestos y p\u00e9rdidas simplificadores conducen al hecho de que el \u00e1rea cerrada (trabajo) del diagrama pV para un motor real es significativamente menor que el tama\u00f1o del \u00e1rea (trabajo) encerrada en el diagrama pV del ciclo ideal.\u00a0En otras palabras, el ciclo ideal del motor sobreestimar\u00e1 el trabajo neto y, si los motores funcionan a la misma velocidad, una mayor potencia producida por el motor real en aproximadamente un 20%.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-50 lgc-tablet-grid-50 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este art\u00edculo se basa en la traducci\u00f3n autom\u00e1tica del art\u00edculo original en ingl\u00e9s. Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n vea el art\u00edculo en ingl\u00e9s. Puedes ayudarnos. Si desea corregir la traducci\u00f3n, env\u00edela a: translations@nuclear-power.com o complete el formulario de traducci\u00f3n en l\u00ednea. Agradecemos su ayuda, actualizaremos la traducci\u00f3n lo antes posible. Gracias.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ciclo de Otto &#8211; pV, Diagrama Ts. El ciclo de Otto a menudo se representa en un diagrama de presi\u00f3n-volumen (diagrama pV) y en un diagrama de temperatura-entrop\u00eda (diagrama Ts). Ingenieria termal Ciclo de Carnot &#8211; pV, diagrama Ts Diagrama pV del ciclo Otto.\u00a0El \u00e1rea delimitada por la ruta completa del ciclo representa el trabajo &#8230; <a title=\"Qu\u00e9 es el ciclo de Otto &#8211; pV, diagrama de Ts &#8211; definici\u00f3n\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-el-ciclo-de-otto-pv-diagrama-de-ts-definicion\/\" aria-label=\"M\u00e1s en Qu\u00e9 es el ciclo de Otto &#8211; pV, diagrama de Ts &#8211; definici\u00f3n\">Leer m\u00e1s<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[16],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu\u00e9 es el ciclo de Otto - pV, diagrama de Ts - definici\u00f3n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ciclo de Otto - pV, Diagrama Ts. 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