{"id":50453,"date":"2020-01-14T14:43:56","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T13:43:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/que-es-la-energia-cinetica-definicion\/"},"modified":"2020-01-14T14:46:53","modified_gmt":"2020-01-14T13:46:53","slug":"que-es-la-energia-cinetica-definicion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-la-energia-cinetica-definicion\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica? Definici\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">La energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica, K, se define como la energ\u00eda almacenada en un objeto debido a su movimiento.\u00a0Se llama energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica, de la palabra griega kinetikos &#8211; movimiento.\u00a0Ingenieria termal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica?<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conservartion-of-mechanical-energy-pendulum.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-15713 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conservartion-of-mechanical-energy-pendulum.png\" alt=\"conservaci\u00f3n de p\u00e9ndulo de energ\u00eda mec\u00e1nica\" width=\"282\" height=\"214\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conservartion-of-mechanical-energy-pendulum.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>La energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica,\u00a0<em>K<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0, se define como la energ\u00eda almacenada en un objeto debido a su movimiento.\u00a0Un objeto en movimiento tiene la capacidad de hacer trabajo y, por lo tanto, se puede decir que tiene energ\u00eda.\u00a0Se llama energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica, de la palabra griega kinetikos, que significa &#8220;movimiento&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>La\u00a0<strong>energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica<\/strong>\u00a0depende de la velocidad de un objeto y es la capacidad de un objeto en movimiento para trabajar en otros objetos cuando choca con ellos.\u00a0Por otro lado, la energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica de un objeto representa la cantidad de energ\u00eda requerida para aumentar la velocidad del objeto desde el reposo (v = 0) hasta su velocidad final.\u00a0La energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica tambi\u00e9n depende linealmente de la masa, que es una medida num\u00e9rica de la\u00a0<strong>inercia<\/strong>\u00a0del objeto\u00a0y la medida de la resistencia de un objeto a la aceleraci\u00f3n cuando se aplica una fuerza.<\/p>\n<p>Definimos la cantidad:<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>K = \u00bd mv\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>ser la\u00a0<strong>energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica traslacional<\/strong>\u00a0del objeto.\u00a0Debe agregarse, se llama energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica &#8220;traslacional&#8221; para distinguirla de la energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica rotacional.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span>Conservaci\u00f3n de la energ\u00eda mec\u00e1nica.<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Primero\u00a0se declar\u00f3\u00a0el principio de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Conservaci\u00f3n de la Energ\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span>La energ\u00eda mec\u00e1nica total<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(definida como la suma de su potencial y energ\u00edas cin\u00e9ticas) de una part\u00edcula sobre la que act\u00faan solo fuerzas conservadoras\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>es constante<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conservartion-of-mechanical-energy-example.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-15711 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conservartion-of-mechanical-energy-example.png\" alt=\"ejemplo de conservaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda mec\u00e1nica\" width=\"194\" height=\"172\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conservartion-of-mechanical-energy-example.png\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Ver tambi\u00e9n:\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Conservaci\u00f3n de la energ\u00eda mec\u00e1nica.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/laws-of-conservation\/law-of-conservation-of-energy\/conservation-of-mechanical-energy\/\"><span>Conservaci\u00f3n de la energ\u00eda mec\u00e1nica.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Un sistema aislado<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0es aquel en el que\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ninguna fuerza externa<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0causa cambios de energ\u00eda.\u00a0Si solo\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>las fuerzas conservadoras<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0act\u00faan sobre un objeto y\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>U<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0es la\u00a0funci\u00f3n de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>energ\u00eda potencial<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0para la fuerza conservadora total, entonces<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span>E\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>mech<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0= U + K<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>La energ\u00eda potencial,\u00a0<\/span><em><span>U<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0, depende de la posici\u00f3n de un objeto sometido a una fuerza conservadora.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/potential-energy-equation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-15710 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/potential-energy-equation.png\" alt=\"ecuaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda potencial\" width=\"176\" height=\"71\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/potential-energy-equation.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>Se define como la capacidad del objeto para hacer trabajo y aumenta a medida que el objeto se mueve en la direcci\u00f3n opuesta a la direcci\u00f3n de la fuerza.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>La energ\u00eda potencial<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0asociada con un sistema que consiste en la Tierra y una part\u00edcula cercana es la\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>energ\u00eda potencial gravitacional<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gravitational-potential-energy-equation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-15712 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gravitational-potential-energy-equation.png\" alt=\"ecuaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda potencial gravitacional\" width=\"256\" height=\"45\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gravitational-potential-energy-equation.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>La energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica,\u00a0<\/span><em><span>K<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0, depende de la velocidad de un objeto y es la capacidad de un objeto en movimiento para trabajar en otros objetos cuando choca con ellos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span>\u00a0K = \u00bd mv\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span>La definici\u00f3n mencionada anteriormente (\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>E\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>mech<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0= U + K<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0) supone que el sistema est\u00e1\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>libre de fricci\u00f3n<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0y otras\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Conservador - Fuerzas no conservativas\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/laws-of-conservation\/law-of-conservation-of-energy\/conservative-nonconservative-forces\/\"><strong><span>fuerzas no conservativas<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0La diferencia entre una fuerza conservadora y una no conservadora es que cuando una fuerza conservadora mueve un objeto de un punto a otro, el trabajo realizado por la fuerza conservadora es independiente del camino.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>En cualquier situaci\u00f3n real, las\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>fuerzas de fricci\u00f3n<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0y otras\u00a0<strong>fuerzas<\/strong>\u00a0no conservativas est\u00e1n presentes, pero en muchos casos sus efectos en el sistema son tan peque\u00f1os que el principio de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>conservaci\u00f3n de la energ\u00eda mec\u00e1nica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0puede usarse como una aproximaci\u00f3n justa.\u00a0Por ejemplo, la fuerza de fricci\u00f3n es una fuerza no conservativa, porque act\u00faa para reducir la energ\u00eda mec\u00e1nica en un sistema.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Tenga en cuenta que las fuerzas no conservativas no siempre reducen la energ\u00eda mec\u00e1nica.\u00a0Una fuerza no conservadora cambia la energ\u00eda mec\u00e1nica, hay fuerzas que aumentan la energ\u00eda mec\u00e1nica total, como la fuerza proporcionada por un motor o motor, tambi\u00e9n es una fuerza no conservativa.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span>Bloque desliz\u00e1ndose por una pendiente inclinada sin fricci\u00f3n<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>El bloque de 1 kg comienza a una altura H (digamos 1 m) sobre el suelo, con\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>energ\u00eda potencial\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span>mgH<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0y\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0que es igual a 0. Se desliza hacia el suelo (sin fricci\u00f3n) y llega sin energ\u00eda potencial y energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>K = \u00bd mv\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Calcule la velocidad del bloque en el suelo y su energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span>E\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sub><span>mech<\/span><\/sub><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span>\u00a0= U + K = constante<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span>=&gt; \u00bd mv\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span>\u00a0= mgH<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span>=&gt; v = \u221a2gH = 4.43 m \/ s<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span>=&gt; K\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span>\u00a0= \u00bd x 1 kg x (4.43 m \/ s)\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span>\u00a0= 19.62 kg.m\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span>\u00a0.s\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sup><span>-2<\/span><\/sup><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span>\u00a0= 19.62 J<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>P\u00e9ndulo<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conservartion-of-mechanical-energy-pendulum.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-15713 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conservartion-of-mechanical-energy-pendulum.png\" alt=\"conservaci\u00f3n de p\u00e9ndulo de energ\u00eda mec\u00e1nica\" width=\"282\" height=\"214\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conservartion-of-mechanical-energy-pendulum.png\" \/><\/a><span>Suponga un\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>p\u00e9ndulo<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(bola de masa m suspendida en una cuerda de longitud\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>L<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0que hemos levantado para que la bola est\u00e9 a una altura\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>H &lt;L por<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0encima de su punto m\u00e1s bajo en el arco de su movimiento de cuerda estirada. El p\u00e9ndulo est\u00e1 sujeto al\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>conservador fuerza gravitacional<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0donde las fuerzas de fricci\u00f3n como el arrastre de aire y la fricci\u00f3n en el pivote son insignificantes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Lo liberamos del reposo.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u00bfQu\u00e9 tan r\u00e1pido va en la parte inferior?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conservartion-of-mechanical-energy-pendulum2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-15714 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conservartion-of-mechanical-energy-pendulum2.png\" alt=\"conservaci\u00f3n de p\u00e9ndulo de energ\u00eda mec\u00e1nica2\" width=\"322\" height=\"115\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conservartion-of-mechanical-energy-pendulum2.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>El p\u00e9ndulo alcanza la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>mayor energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0y la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>menor energ\u00eda potencial<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0cuando est\u00e1 en\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>posici\u00f3n vertical<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, porque tendr\u00e1 la mayor velocidad y estar\u00e1 m\u00e1s cerca de la Tierra en este punto.\u00a0Por otro lado, tendr\u00e1 la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>menor energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0y la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>mayor energ\u00eda potencial<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0en las\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>posiciones extremas<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de su oscilaci\u00f3n, porque tiene velocidad cero y est\u00e1 m\u00e1s lejos de la Tierra en estos puntos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Si la amplitud se limita a peque\u00f1as oscilaciones, el per\u00edodo\u00a0<\/span><em><span>T<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0de un p\u00e9ndulo simple, el tiempo necesario para un ciclo completo, es:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/period-of-pendulum-conservation-of-energy.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-15715 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/period-of-pendulum-conservation-of-energy.png\" alt=\"per\u00edodo-de-p\u00e9ndulo-conservaci\u00f3n-de-energ\u00eda\" width=\"252\" height=\"77\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/period-of-pendulum-conservation-of-energy.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>donde\u00a0<\/span><strong><em><span>L<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0es la longitud del p\u00e9ndulo\u00a0<\/span><strong><em><span>yg<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0es la aceleraci\u00f3n local de la gravedad.\u00a0Para columpios peque\u00f1os, el per\u00edodo de columpio es aproximadamente el mismo para columpios de diferentes tama\u00f1os.\u00a0Es decir,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>el per\u00edodo es independiente de la amplitud<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica relativista<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16610\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16610\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/relativistic-kinetic-energy.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16610 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/relativistic-kinetic-energy-300x182.png\" alt=\"energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica relativista\" width=\"300\" height=\"182\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/relativistic-kinetic-energy-300x182.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16610\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>A medida que la velocidad de un objeto se acerca a la velocidad de la luz, la energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica relativista se acerca al infinito.\u00a0Es causada por el factor Lorentz, que se acerca al infinito para v \u2192 c.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span>La relaci\u00f3n previa entre el trabajo y la energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica se basa en\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>las leyes del movimiento de Newton<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Cuando generalizamos estas leyes de acuerdo con el principio de relatividad, necesitamos una generalizaci\u00f3n correspondiente de la ecuaci\u00f3n para\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>la energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Si la velocidad de un objeto est\u00e1 cerca de la velocidad de la luz, es necesario utilizar una\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>mec\u00e1nica relativista<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0para calcular su\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>En\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>mec\u00e1nica cl\u00e1sica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, la energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica y el momento se expresan como:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/classical-momentum-and-kinetic-energy.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16618 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/classical-momentum-and-kinetic-energy.png\" alt=\"momento cl\u00e1sico y energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica\" width=\"295\" height=\"113\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/classical-momentum-and-kinetic-energy.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>La derivaci\u00f3n de sus\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>relaciones relativistas<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0se basa en la relaci\u00f3n\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>relativista\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span>energ\u00eda-momento:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/energy-momentum-relation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16620 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/energy-momentum-relation.png\" alt=\"relaci\u00f3n energ\u00eda-momento\" width=\"217\" height=\"51\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/energy-momentum-relation.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>Se puede derivar, la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica relativista<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0y el momento relativista son:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/relativistic-kinetic-energy-formula.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16619 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/relativistic-kinetic-energy-formula.png\" alt=\"energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica relativista - f\u00f3rmula\" width=\"350\" height=\"145\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/relativistic-kinetic-energy-formula.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>El primer t\u00e9rmino (\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u0263mc\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><span>\u00a0) de la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica relativista<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0aumenta con la velocidad v de la part\u00edcula.\u00a0El segundo t\u00e9rmino (\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>mc\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><span>\u00a0) es constante;\u00a0Se llama\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>energ\u00eda en reposo<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0(masa en reposo) de la part\u00edcula, y representa una forma de energ\u00eda que tiene una part\u00edcula incluso cuando est\u00e1 a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>velocidad cero<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Cuando la velocidad de un objeto se acerca a la velocidad de la luz, la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica se acerca al infinito<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Es causada por el\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>factor Lorentz<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, que se acerca al infinito para\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>v \u2192 c<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Por lo tanto, la velocidad de la luz no puede ser alcanzada por ninguna part\u00edcula masiva.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>El primer t\u00e9rmino (\u0263mc\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0) se conoce como la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>energ\u00eda total E<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de la part\u00edcula, porque es igual a la energ\u00eda en reposo m\u00e1s la energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>E = K + mc\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><span>Para una part\u00edcula en reposo, es decir, K es cero, por lo que la energ\u00eda total es su energ\u00eda en reposo:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>E = mc\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><span>Este es uno de los resultados sorprendentes de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>la teor\u00eda de la relatividad de Einstein<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0es que la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>masa y la energ\u00eda son equivalentes y convertibles<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0una en la otra.\u00a0La famosa f\u00f3rmula\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/nuclear-energy\/emc2-meaning\/\"><strong>E = mc\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/nuclear-energy\/emc2-meaning\/\"><strong><sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0describe la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>equivalencia<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de la masa y la energ\u00eda\u00a0.\u00a0Este resultado ha sido confirmado experimentalmente innumerables veces en f\u00edsica de part\u00edculas nucleares y elementales.\u00a0Por ejemplo, vea\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/interaction-radiation-matter\/interaction-gamma-radiation-matter\/pair-production\/\">Producci\u00f3n de pares de positrones-electrones<\/a>\u00a0o\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/laws-of-conservation\/law-of-conservation-of-energy\/conservation-of-energy-in-nuclear-reactions\/\">Conservaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda en reacciones nucleares<\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ver tambi\u00e9n:\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Masa relativista\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-mass-and-weight\/relativistic-mass-2\/\"><span>masa relativista<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Ejemplo: energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica de prot\u00f3n<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/what-is-proton-physics-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-16556 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/what-is-proton-physics-min-300x300.png\" alt=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el prot\u00f3n?\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/what-is-proton-physics-min-300x300.png\" \/><\/a><span>Un prot\u00f3n (\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>m = 1.67 x 10\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>-27<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0kg<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0) viaja a una velocidad\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>v = 0.9900c = 2.968 x 10\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>8<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0m \/ s<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0\u00bfCu\u00e1l es su\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Seg\u00fan un c\u00e1lculo cl\u00e1sico, que no es correcto, obtendr\u00edamos:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>K = 1 \/ 2mV\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0= \u00bd x (1,67 x 10\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>-27<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0kg) x (2.968 x 10\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>8<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0m \/ s)\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0=\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>7,355 x 10\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>-11<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0J<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Con la correcci\u00f3n\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>relativista, la energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica relativista<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0es igual a:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>K = (\u0263 &#8211; 1) mc\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>donde el factor de Lorentz<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0263 = 7.089<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>por lo tanto<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>K = 6.089 x (1.67 x 10\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>-27<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0kg) x (2.9979 x 10\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>8<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0m \/ s)\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0=\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>9.139 x\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>10-10<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0J = 5.701 GeV<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Esto es aproximadamente\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>12 veces m\u00e1s<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0energ\u00eda que en el c\u00e1lculo cl\u00e1sico.\u00a0De acuerdo con esta relaci\u00f3n, una aceleraci\u00f3n de un haz de protones a 5.7 GeV requiere energ\u00edas que son diferentes en el orden.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-accordion\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-clearfix\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este art\u00edculo se basa en la traducci\u00f3n autom\u00e1tica del art\u00edculo original en ingl\u00e9s. Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n vea el art\u00edculo en ingl\u00e9s. Puedes ayudarnos. Si desea corregir la traducci\u00f3n, env\u00edela a: translations@nuclear-power.com o complete el formulario de traducci\u00f3n en l\u00ednea. Agradecemos su ayuda, actualizaremos la traducci\u00f3n lo antes posible. Gracias.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica, K, se define como la energ\u00eda almacenada en un objeto debido a su movimiento.\u00a0Se llama energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica, de la palabra griega kinetikos &#8211; movimiento.\u00a0Ingenieria termal \u00bfQu\u00e9 es la energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica? La energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica,\u00a0K\u00a0, se define como la energ\u00eda almacenada en un objeto debido a su movimiento.\u00a0Un objeto en movimiento tiene la capacidad &#8230; <a title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica? Definici\u00f3n\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/es\/que-es-la-energia-cinetica-definicion\/\" aria-label=\"M\u00e1s en \u00bfQu\u00e9 es la energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica? Definici\u00f3n\">Leer m\u00e1s<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[16],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica? Definici\u00f3n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica, K, se define como la energ\u00eda almacenada en un objeto debido a su movimiento. Se llama energ\u00eda cin\u00e9tica, de la palabra griega kinetikos - movimiento. 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