{"id":43838,"date":"2019-10-13T22:27:30","date_gmt":"2019-10-13T21:27:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/quest-ce-que-la-creation-dun-courant-de-convection-definition\/"},"modified":"2020-02-17T08:45:00","modified_gmt":"2020-02-17T07:45:00","slug":"quest-ce-que-la-creation-dun-courant-de-convection-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-creation-dun-courant-de-convection-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&#8217;est-ce que la cr\u00e9ation d&#8217;un courant de convection &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">La cr\u00e9ation de courants de convection repose sur trois hypoth\u00e8ses physiques: pr\u00e9sence d&#8217;une source de chaleur, pr\u00e9sence d&#8217;une acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration appropri\u00e9e et g\u00e9om\u00e9trie appropri\u00e9e.\u00a0G\u00e9nie thermique<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Cr\u00e9ation de courants de convection<\/h2>\n<p><strong>La cr\u00e9ation de courants de convection<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0repose sur trois hypoth\u00e8ses physiques:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pr\u00e9sence d&#8217;une source de chaleur<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Une source de chaleur est n\u00e9cessaire car les\u00a0\u00a0<strong>courants de convection\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0sont g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par les diff\u00e9rences de densit\u00e9 dans le fluide dues aux gradients de temp\u00e9rature.\u00a0En convection naturelle, le fluide entourant une source de chaleur re\u00e7oit de la chaleur et, par cons\u00e9quent, la dilatation thermique devient moins dense et augmente.\u00a0La dilatation thermique du fluide joue un r\u00f4le crucial.\u00a0En d&#8217;autres termes, les composants plus lourds (plus denses) vont tomber, alors que les composants plus l\u00e9gers (moins denses) augmentent, entra\u00eenant un mouvement de fluide en vrac.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pr\u00e9sence d&#8217;une acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration appropri\u00e9e.\u00a0<\/strong>La convection naturelle ne peut se produire que dans un champ gravitationnel ou en pr\u00e9sence d&#8217;une autre acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration appropri\u00e9e, telle que l&#8217;acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration, la force centrifuge et la force de Coriolis.\u00a0La convection naturelle ne fonctionne pas essentiellement dans l&#8217;orbite de la Terre.\u00a0Par exemple, dans la station spatiale internationale en orbite, d\u2019autres m\u00e9canismes de transfert de chaleur sont n\u00e9cessaires pour \u00e9viter la surchauffe des composants \u00e9lectroniques.<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u00e9om\u00e9trie correcte<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0La pr\u00e9sence et la magnitude de la convection naturelle d\u00e9pendent \u00e9galement de la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie du probl\u00e8me.\u00a0La pr\u00e9sence d&#8217;un gradient de densit\u00e9 de fluide dans un champ gravitationnel ne garantit pas l&#8217;existence de courants de convection naturelle.\u00a0Ce probl\u00e8me est illustr\u00e9 dans la figure suivante, o\u00f9 un fluide est entour\u00e9 de deux grandes plaques horizontales de temp\u00e9rature diff\u00e9rente (T\u00a0<sub>sup\u00e9rieure<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0T\u00a0<sub>inf\u00e9rieure<\/sub>\u00a0).\n<ul>\n<li>Dans le\u00a0\u00a0<strong>cas A,<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0la temp\u00e9rature de la plaque inf\u00e9rieure est sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle de la plaque sup\u00e9rieure.\u00a0Dans ce cas, la densit\u00e9 diminue dans la direction de la force gravitationnelle.\u00a0Cette g\u00e9om\u00e9trie induit une circulation de fluide et le transfert de chaleur se produit via\u00a0\u00a0<strong>une circulation naturelle<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Le fluide le plus lourd descendra, se r\u00e9chauffant au cours du processus, tandis que le fluide le plus l\u00e9ger augmentera en refroidissant.<\/li>\n<li>Dans le\u00a0\u00a0<strong>cas B,<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0la temp\u00e9rature de la plaque inf\u00e9rieure est inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle de la plaque sup\u00e9rieure.\u00a0Dans ce cas, la densit\u00e9 augmente dans la direction de la force de gravitation.\u00a0Cette g\u00e9om\u00e9trie conduit \u00e0 des conditions stables, \u00e0 un gradient de temp\u00e9rature stable et n&#8217;induit pas de circulation de fluide.\u00a0Le transfert de chaleur se fait uniquement par conduction thermique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/natural-circulation-geometry.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-20641 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/natural-circulation-geometry.png\" alt=\"circulation naturelle - g\u00e9om\u00e9trie\" width=\"609\" height=\"342\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/natural-circulation-geometry.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-accordion\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-arrow\" data-anchor=\"References\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-clearfix\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est bas\u00e9 sur la traduction automatique de l&#8217;article original en anglais. Pour plus d&#8217;informations, voir l&#8217;article en anglais. Pouvez vous nous aider Si vous souhaitez corriger la traduction, envoyez-la \u00e0 l&#8217;adresse: translations@nuclear-power.com ou remplissez le formulaire de traduction en ligne. Nous appr\u00e9cions votre aide, nous mettrons \u00e0 jour la traduction le plus rapidement possible. Merci<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La cr\u00e9ation de courants de convection repose sur trois hypoth\u00e8ses physiques: pr\u00e9sence d&#8217;une source de chaleur, pr\u00e9sence d&#8217;une acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration appropri\u00e9e et g\u00e9om\u00e9trie appropri\u00e9e.\u00a0G\u00e9nie thermique Cr\u00e9ation de courants de convection La cr\u00e9ation de courants de convection\u00a0\u00a0repose sur trois hypoth\u00e8ses physiques: Pr\u00e9sence d&#8217;une source de chaleur\u00a0.\u00a0Une source de chaleur est n\u00e9cessaire car les\u00a0\u00a0courants de convection\u00a0\u00a0sont g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par &#8230; <a title=\"Qu&#8217;est-ce que la cr\u00e9ation d&#8217;un courant de convection &#8211; D\u00e9finition\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-creation-dun-courant-de-convection-definition\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Qu&#8217;est-ce que la cr\u00e9ation d&#8217;un courant de convection &#8211; D\u00e9finition\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce que la cr\u00e9ation d&#039;un courant de convection - D\u00e9finition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La cr\u00e9ation de courants de convection repose sur trois hypoth\u00e8ses physiques: pr\u00e9sence d&#039;une source de chaleur, pr\u00e9sence d&#039;une acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration appropri\u00e9e et g\u00e9om\u00e9trie appropri\u00e9e. 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