{"id":44036,"date":"2019-10-14T14:17:35","date_gmt":"2019-10-14T13:17:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/quest-ce-quune-condition-aux-limites-de-neumann-conditions-aux-limites-de-type-ii-definition\/"},"modified":"2020-02-17T17:15:23","modified_gmt":"2020-02-17T16:15:23","slug":"quest-ce-quune-condition-aux-limites-de-neumann-conditions-aux-limites-de-type-ii-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-quune-condition-aux-limites-de-neumann-conditions-aux-limites-de-type-ii-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;une condition aux limites de Neumann &#8211; Conditions aux limites de type II &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">En math\u00e9matiques, la condition aux limites de Neumann est un type de condition aux limites, du nom du math\u00e9maticien allemand Carl Neumann (1832-1925).\u00a0G\u00e9nie thermique<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Condition de limite de Neumann &#8211; Condition de limite de type II<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Neumann-boundary-condition-type-II.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-20189 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Neumann-boundary-condition-type-II.png\" alt=\"Condition aux limites de Neumann - type II\" width=\"305\" height=\"455\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Neumann-boundary-condition-type-II.png\" \/><\/a>En math\u00e9matiques, la\u00a0<strong>condition limite de Neumann (ou du second type)<\/strong>\u00a0est un type de condition limite, du nom du math\u00e9maticien allemand Carl Neumann (1832-1925).\u00a0Lorsqu&#8217;elle est impos\u00e9e \u00e0 une \u00e9quation diff\u00e9rentielle ordinaire ou partielle, elle sp\u00e9cifie les valeurs qu&#8217;une solution doit prendre le long des limites du domaine.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les probl\u00e8mes de transfert de chaleur, la\u00a0<strong>condition de Neumann<\/strong>\u00a0correspond \u00e0 un\u00a0<strong>taux de variation de temp\u00e9rature donn\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0En d&#8217;autres termes, cette condition suppose que le\u00a0<a title=\"Densit\u00e9 de flux thermique - Flux thermique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/heat-transfer\/introduction-to-heat-transfer\/heat-flux-density-thermal-flux\/\"><strong>flux de chaleur<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00e0 la surface du mat\u00e9riau est connu.\u00a0Le flux de chaleur dans la direction x positive, n&#8217;importe o\u00f9 dans le milieu, y compris les limites, peut \u00eatre exprim\u00e9 par\u00a0<a title=\"Loi de Fourier sur la conduction thermique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-loi-de-fourier-sur-la-conduction-thermique-definition\/\">la loi de Fourier de la chaleur<\/a>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cas sp\u00e9cial &#8211; Limite adiabatique &#8211; Limite parfaitement isol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Un cas particulier de cette condition correspond \u00e0 la surface parfaitement isol\u00e9e pour laquelle (T \/ \u2202x = 0).\u00a0Le transfert de chaleur \u00e0 travers une surface correctement isol\u00e9e peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme nul, car une isolation ad\u00e9quate r\u00e9duit le transfert de chaleur \u00e0 travers une surface \u00e0 des niveaux n\u00e9gligeables.\u00a0Math\u00e9matiquement, cette condition limite peut \u00eatre exprim\u00e9e comme suit:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Neumann-boundary-condition-adiabatic.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-20193 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Neumann-boundary-condition-adiabatic.png\" alt=\"Limite de Neumann - adiabatique\" width=\"307\" height=\"171\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Neumann-boundary-condition-adiabatic.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cas sp\u00e9cial &#8211; Sym\u00e9trie thermique<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Neumann-boundary-condition-thermal-symmetry.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-20187 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Neumann-boundary-condition-thermal-symmetry-216x300.png\" alt=\"Condition aux limites de Neumann - sym\u00e9trie thermique\" width=\"216\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Neumann-boundary-condition-thermal-symmetry-216x300.png\" \/><\/a>Un autre cas tr\u00e8s important, qui peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre des probl\u00e8mes de transfert de chaleur impliquant des barres de combustible, est la sym\u00e9trie thermique.\u00a0Par exemple, les deux surfaces d\u2019une grande plaque chauffante d\u2019\u00e9paisseur L suspendue verticalement dans l\u2019air seront soumises aux m\u00eames conditions thermiques; la r\u00e9partition de la temp\u00e9rature sera donc sym\u00e9trique (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire que, dans une moiti\u00e9 de la plaque, le profil de temp\u00e9rature sera le m\u00eame. que dans l&#8217;autre moiti\u00e9).\u00a0En cons\u00e9quence, il doit y avoir un maximum dedans dans la ligne centrale de la plaque et la ligne centrale peut \u00eatre vue comme une surface isol\u00e9e (\u2202T \/ x = 0).\u00a0La condition thermique \u00e0 ce plan de sym\u00e9trie peut \u00eatre exprim\u00e9e comme suit:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Neumann-boundary-condition-thermal-symmetry1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-20191 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Neumann-boundary-condition-thermal-symmetry1.png\" alt=\"Condition aux limites de Neumann - sym\u00e9trie thermique\" width=\"365\" height=\"117\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Neumann-boundary-condition-thermal-symmetry1.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>\u00c9quation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de conduction thermique<\/h2>\n<p>L&#8217;\u00a0<strong>\u00e9quation de conduction thermique<\/strong>\u00a0est une \u00e9quation diff\u00e9rentielle partielle qui d\u00e9crit la r\u00e9partition de la\u00a0<strong>chaleur<\/strong>\u00a0(ou du\u00a0<strong>champ de temp\u00e9rature<\/strong>\u00a0) dans un corps donn\u00e9 dans le temps.\u00a0Une connaissance d\u00e9taill\u00e9e du champ de temp\u00e9rature est tr\u00e8s importante dans la conduction thermique \u00e0 travers les mat\u00e9riaux.\u00a0Une fois cette distribution de temp\u00e9rature connue, le\u00a0<strong>flux thermique de conduction<\/strong>\u00a0en un point quelconque du mat\u00e9riau ou \u00e0 sa surface peut \u00eatre calcul\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de\u00a0<a title=\"Loi de Fourier sur la conduction thermique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-loi-de-fourier-sur-la-conduction-thermique-definition\/\">la loi<\/a>\u00a0de\u00a0<a title=\"Loi de Fourier sur la conduction thermique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-loi-de-fourier-sur-la-conduction-thermique-definition\/\">Fourier<\/a>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p><span>L&#8217;\u00e9quation de la chaleur est\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>d\u00e9riv\u00e9e<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>la loi<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de\u00a0<strong>Fourier<\/strong>\u00a0et de la\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Loi de conservation de l'\u00e9nergie\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/laws-of-conservation\/law-of-conservation-of-energy\/\"><strong><span>conservation de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0La loi de Fourier stipule que le\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>taux de transfert de chaleur \u00e0<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0travers un mat\u00e9riau est\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>proportionnel au\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span>gradient<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0n\u00e9gatif\u00a0<strong>de la temp\u00e9rature<\/strong>\u00a0et de la zone, perpendiculairement \u00e0 ce gradient, \u00e0 travers lequel la chaleur circule.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Fourier%E2%80%99s-law-of-Thermal-Conduction-equation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-20040 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Fourier%E2%80%99s-law-of-Thermal-Conduction-equation.png\" alt=\"Loi de Fourier de la conduction thermique\" width=\"335\" height=\"152\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Fourier\u2019s-law-of-Thermal-Conduction-equation.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>Un changement d&#8217;\u00e9nergie interne par unit\u00e9 de volume dans le mat\u00e9riau, \u0394Q, est proportionnel au changement de temp\u00e9rature, \u0394u.\u00a0C&#8217;est:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>\u2206Q = \u03c1.c\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>p<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0.\u2206T<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Forme g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>En utilisant ces deux \u00e9quations, nous pouvons d\u00e9river l&#8217;\u00e9quation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de conduction thermique:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/heat-conduction-equation-general-form.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-20166 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/heat-conduction-equation-general-form.png\" alt=\"\u00c9quation de conduction thermique - \u00c9quation de Fourier-Biot\" width=\"543\" height=\"233\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/heat-conduction-equation-general-form.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>Cette \u00e9quation est \u00e9galement connue sous le nom d&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u00e9quation de Fourier-Biot<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0et fournit l&#8217;outil de base pour l&#8217;analyse de conduction thermique.\u00a0A partir de sa solution, on peut obtenir le champ de temp\u00e9rature en fonction du temps.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>En d&#8217;autres termes, l&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u00e9quation de conduction thermique<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0indique que:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span>En tout point du milieu, le taux net de transfert d&#8217;\u00e9nergie par conduction dans un volume unitaire plus le taux volum\u00e9trique de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d&#8217;\u00e9nergie thermique doit \u00eatre \u00e9gal au taux de variation de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie thermique stock\u00e9e dans le volume.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est bas\u00e9 sur la traduction automatique de l&#8217;article original en anglais. Pour plus d&#8217;informations, voir l&#8217;article en anglais. Pouvez vous nous aider Si vous souhaitez corriger la traduction, envoyez-la \u00e0 l&#8217;adresse: translations@nuclear-power.com ou remplissez le formulaire de traduction en ligne. Nous appr\u00e9cions votre aide, nous mettrons \u00e0 jour la traduction le plus rapidement possible. Merci<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En math\u00e9matiques, la condition aux limites de Neumann est un type de condition aux limites, du nom du math\u00e9maticien allemand Carl Neumann (1832-1925).\u00a0G\u00e9nie thermique Condition de limite de Neumann &#8211; Condition de limite de type II En math\u00e9matiques, la\u00a0condition limite de Neumann (ou du second type)\u00a0est un type de condition limite, du nom du math\u00e9maticien &#8230; <a title=\"Qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;une condition aux limites de Neumann &#8211; Conditions aux limites de type II &#8211; D\u00e9finition\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-quune-condition-aux-limites-de-neumann-conditions-aux-limites-de-type-ii-definition\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;une condition aux limites de Neumann &#8211; Conditions aux limites de type II &#8211; D\u00e9finition\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce qu&#039;une condition aux limites de Neumann - Conditions aux limites de type II - D\u00e9finition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En math\u00e9matiques, la condition aux limites de Neumann est un type de condition aux limites, du nom du math\u00e9maticien allemand Carl Neumann (1832-1925). 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