{"id":44500,"date":"2019-10-15T15:08:06","date_gmt":"2019-10-15T14:08:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/quest-ce-que-la-turbine-a-impulsions-lames-a-impulsions-definition\/"},"modified":"2020-02-19T11:28:43","modified_gmt":"2020-02-19T10:28:43","slug":"quest-ce-que-la-turbine-a-impulsions-lames-a-impulsions-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-turbine-a-impulsions-lames-a-impulsions-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&#8217;est-ce que la turbine \u00e0 impulsions &#8211; Lames \u00e0 impulsions &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">La turbine \u00e0 impulsions est compos\u00e9e d&#8217;aubes d&#8217;impulsion mobiles alternant avec des buses fixes.\u00a0Dans la turbine \u00e0 impulsion, la vapeur est d\u00e9tendue uniquement dans des buses fixes.\u00a0G\u00e9nie thermique<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Types de turbines \u00e0 vapeur<\/h2>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine-types.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-17901 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine-types-300x194.png\" alt=\"Turbine \u00e0 vapeur - types\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine-types-300x194.png\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Les turbines \u00e0 vapeur<\/strong>\u00a0peuvent \u00eatre class\u00e9es en diff\u00e9rentes cat\u00e9gories en fonction de leur construction, de leurs pressions de travail, de leur taille et de nombreux autres param\u00e8tres.\u00a0Mais il existe deux types de base de turbines \u00e0 vapeur:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>turbines \u00e0 impulsion<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>turbines \u00e0 r\u00e9action\u00a0.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La principale diff\u00e9rence r\u00e9side dans la mani\u00e8re dont la vapeur s\u2019\u00e9tend lorsqu\u2019elle traverse la turbine.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Turbine \u00e0 impulsion et turbine \u00e0 r\u00e9action<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les types de turbines \u00e0 vapeur bas\u00e9s sur la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie des aubes et le processus de conversion d&#8217;\u00e9nergie sont les turbines \u00e0 impulsion et \u00e0 r\u00e9action.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine-Types-of-Turbine.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17891 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine-Types-of-Turbine.png\" alt=\"Turbine \u00e0 vapeur - Types de turbine\" width=\"909\" height=\"281\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine-Types-of-Turbine.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Turbine \u00e0 impulsion<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-17900 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine-300x209.png\" alt=\"Turbine \u00e0 vapeur\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine-300x209.png\" \/><\/a>La\u00a0<strong>turbine \u00e0 impulsions<\/strong>\u00a0est compos\u00e9e d&#8217;\u00a0<strong>aubes mobiles<\/strong>\u00a0alternant avec\u00a0<strong>des buses fixes<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Dans la turbine \u00e0 impulsion, la vapeur est d\u00e9tendue dans des buses fixes et reste \u00e0 une pression constante lors du passage sur les aubes.\u00a0<strong>Les turbines Curtis<\/strong>\u00a0,\u00a0<strong>Rateau<\/strong>\u00a0ou\u00a0<strong>Brown-Curtis<\/strong>\u00a0sont des\u00a0<strong>turbines \u00e0<\/strong>\u00a0impulsion.\u00a0La turbine \u00e0 vapeur originale, la De Laval, \u00e9tait une turbine \u00e0 impulsion dot\u00e9e d\u2019une roue \u00e0 une seule lame.<\/p>\n<p><span>La totalit\u00e9 de la chute de pression de vapeur a lieu uniquement dans les buses fixes.\u00a0Bien que les pales d&#8217;impulsion th\u00e9oriques aient une chute de pression nulle dans les pales mobiles, pratiquement, pour que l&#8217;\u00e9coulement ait lieu \u00e0 travers les pales mobiles, il doit \u00e9galement y avoir une petite chute de pression \u00e0 travers les pales mobiles.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17886\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17886\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Impulse-vs-Reaction-Turbine-comparison.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-17886 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Impulse-vs-Reaction-Turbine-comparison-238x300.png\" alt=\"Impulse vs Reaction Turbine - comparaison\" width=\"238\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Impulse-vs-Reaction-Turbine-comparison-238x300.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17886\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Impulse vs Reaction Turbine &#8211; comparaison<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span>Dans les turbines \u00e0 impulsion, la vapeur se dilate \u00e0 travers la buse, o\u00f9 la majeure partie de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie potentielle de pression est convertie en \u00e9nergie cin\u00e9tique.\u00a0La\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>vapeur \u00e0 grande vitesse des<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0buses fixes\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>impacte les pales<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>change de direction<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, ce qui \u00e0 son tour\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>applique une force<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0L&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>impulsion qui en r\u00e9sulte<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0entra\u00eene les pales vers l&#8217;avant, entra\u00eenant la rotation du rotor.\u00a0La principale caract\u00e9ristique de ces turbines est que la chute de pression par \u00e9tage peut \u00eatre assez importante, permettant de grandes pales et un nombre d&#8217;\u00e9tages plus r\u00e9duit.\u00a0\u00c0 l&#8217;exception des applications \u00e0 faible puissance, les aubes de turbine sont dispos\u00e9es en plusieurs \u00e9tapes en s\u00e9rie, appel\u00e9es compoundage, ce qui am\u00e9liore consid\u00e9rablement l&#8217;efficacit\u00e9 \u00e0 basse vitesse.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Les turbines \u00e0 vapeur modernes utilisent fr\u00e9quemment \u00e0 la fois la r\u00e9action et l&#8217;impulsion dans la m\u00eame unit\u00e9, variant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement le degr\u00e9 de r\u00e9action et d&#8217;impulsion du pied d&#8217;aube \u00e0 sa p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie.\u00a0Les pales du rotor sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement con\u00e7ues comme une lame d&#8217;impulsion \u00e0 la pourriture et comme une lame de r\u00e9action \u00e0 la pointe.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17883\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17883\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Turbine-Blade-Impulse-and-Reaction.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17883 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Turbine-Blade-Impulse-and-Reaction.png\" alt=\"Pale de turbine - Impulsion et r\u00e9action\" width=\"446\" height=\"116\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Turbine-Blade-Impulse-and-Reaction.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17883\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Lame de r\u00e9action impulsionnelle<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span>\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que les \u00e9tages Curtis r\u00e9duisent consid\u00e9rablement la pression et la temp\u00e9rature du fluide \u00e0 un niveau mod\u00e9r\u00e9 avec une proportion \u00e9lev\u00e9e de travail par \u00e9tage.\u00a0Une disposition habituelle consiste \u00e0 pr\u00e9voir du c\u00f4t\u00e9 haute pression un ou plusieurs \u00e9tages de Curtis, suivis d&#8217;un Rateau ou d&#8217;une \u00e9tape de r\u00e9action.\u00a0En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, lorsque le frottement est pris en compte les \u00e9tapes de r\u00e9action, l&#8217;\u00e9tape de r\u00e9action se r\u00e9v\u00e8le \u00eatre la plus efficace, suivie par Rateau et Curtis dans cet ordre.\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Perte de t\u00eate majeure - Perte par friction\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/fluid-dynamics\/major-head-loss-friction-loss\/\"><span>Les pertes par friction<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0sont importantes pour les \u00e9tages Curtis, car elles sont proportionnelles \u00e0 la vitesse de la vapeur au carr\u00e9.\u00a0La raison pour laquelle les pertes par frottement sont moins importantes dans la phase de r\u00e9action r\u00e9side dans le fait que la vapeur se dilate en continu et donc les vitesses d&#8217;\u00e9coulement sont plus faibles.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est bas\u00e9 sur la traduction automatique de l&#8217;article original en anglais. Pour plus d&#8217;informations, voir l&#8217;article en anglais. Pouvez vous nous aider Si vous souhaitez corriger la traduction, envoyez-la \u00e0 l&#8217;adresse: translations@nuclear-power.com ou remplissez le formulaire de traduction en ligne. Nous appr\u00e9cions votre aide, nous mettrons \u00e0 jour la traduction le plus rapidement possible. Merci<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La turbine \u00e0 impulsions est compos\u00e9e d&#8217;aubes d&#8217;impulsion mobiles alternant avec des buses fixes.\u00a0Dans la turbine \u00e0 impulsion, la vapeur est d\u00e9tendue uniquement dans des buses fixes.\u00a0G\u00e9nie thermique Types de turbines \u00e0 vapeur Les turbines \u00e0 vapeur\u00a0peuvent \u00eatre class\u00e9es en diff\u00e9rentes cat\u00e9gories en fonction de leur construction, de leurs pressions de travail, de leur taille &#8230; <a title=\"Qu&#8217;est-ce que la turbine \u00e0 impulsions &#8211; Lames \u00e0 impulsions &#8211; D\u00e9finition\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-turbine-a-impulsions-lames-a-impulsions-definition\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Qu&#8217;est-ce que la turbine \u00e0 impulsions &#8211; Lames \u00e0 impulsions &#8211; D\u00e9finition\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce que la turbine \u00e0 impulsions - Lames \u00e0 impulsions - D\u00e9finition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La turbine \u00e0 impulsions est compos\u00e9e d&#039;aubes d&#039;impulsion mobiles alternant avec des buses fixes. 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