{"id":45005,"date":"2019-10-17T03:57:44","date_gmt":"2019-10-17T02:57:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/quest-ce-quun-cycle-otto-reel-et-ideal-definition\/"},"modified":"2019-10-17T03:57:44","modified_gmt":"2019-10-17T02:57:44","slug":"quest-ce-quun-cycle-otto-reel-et-ideal-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-quun-cycle-otto-reel-et-ideal-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;un cycle Otto r\u00e9el et id\u00e9al &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\"><span>Cycle Otto actuel et id\u00e9al.\u00a0Dans cette section, il est montr\u00e9 un cycle Otto id\u00e9al dans lequel il existe de nombreuses hypoth\u00e8ses qui diff\u00e8rent du cycle Otto r\u00e9el.\u00a0G\u00e9nie thermique<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Comparaison des cycles Otto r\u00e9els et id\u00e9aux<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Otto-engine-vs.-Otto-cycle.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright  wp-image-17556 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Otto-engine-vs.-Otto-cycle.png\" alt=\"Moteur Otto vs cycle Otto\" width=\"332\" height=\"556\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Otto-engine-vs.-Otto-cycle.png\" \/><\/a><span>Dans cette section, il est montr\u00e9 un\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>cycle Otto id\u00e9al<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0dans lequel il existe de nombreuses\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>hypoth\u00e8ses qui<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0diff\u00e8rent du\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>cycle Otto r\u00e9el<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Les principales diff\u00e9rences entre le moteur Otto r\u00e9el et id\u00e9al apparaissent dans la figure.\u00a0En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le cycle id\u00e9al ne se produit pas et chaque processus entra\u00eene de nombreuses pertes.\u00a0Pour un cycle r\u00e9el, la forme du diagramme pV est similaire \u00e0 celle de l\u2019id\u00e9al, mais la surface (travail) d\u00e9limit\u00e9e par le diagramme pV est toujours inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la valeur id\u00e9ale.\u00a0Le cycle d&#8217;Otto id\u00e9al repose sur les hypoth\u00e8ses suivantes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>Cycle ferm\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0La plus grande diff\u00e9rence entre les deux diagrammes est la simplification des courses d\u2019admission et d\u2019\u00e9chappement dans le cycle id\u00e9al.\u00a0Dans la course d&#8217;\u00e9chappement, la\u00a0chaleur Q\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>out<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0est \u00e9ject\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;environnement, dans un moteur r\u00e9el, le gaz quitte le moteur et est remplac\u00e9 par un nouveau m\u00e9lange d&#8217;air et de\u00a0carburant.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Addition instantan\u00e9e de chaleur<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(addition de chaleur isochore).\u00a0Dans les moteurs r\u00e9els, l\u2019ajout de chaleur n\u2019est pas instantan\u00e9. La pression maximale n\u2019est donc pas au TDC, mais juste apr\u00e8s le TDC.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Pas de transfert de chaleur (adiabatique)<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Compression &#8211; Le gaz (m\u00e9lange air-carburant) est comprim\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re adiabatique de l&#8217;\u00e9tat 1 \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9tat 2. Dans les moteurs r\u00e9els, il existe toujours des inefficacit\u00e9s qui r\u00e9duisent le rendement thermique.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Expansion.\u00a0Le gaz (m\u00e9lange air-carburant) se dilate de mani\u00e8re adiabatique de l\u2019\u00e9tat 3 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat 4.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Combustion compl\u00e8te<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0du m\u00e9lange air-carburant.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Aucun travail de pompage<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Le travail de pompage est la diff\u00e9rence entre le travail effectu\u00e9 pendant la course d&#8217;\u00e9chappement et le travail effectu\u00e9 pendant la course d&#8217;admission.\u00a0En cycles r\u00e9els, il existe une diff\u00e9rence de pression entre les pressions d&#8217;\u00e9chappement et d&#8217;entr\u00e9e.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Aucune perte de chablis<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0La perte par purge est due \u00e0 l\u2019ouverture pr\u00e9coce des soupapes d\u2019\u00e9chappement.\u00a0Cela entra\u00eene une perte de travail lors de la course d&#8217;expansion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Pas de perte par surprise<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0La perte par soufflage est provoqu\u00e9e par la fuite de gaz comprim\u00e9s \u00e0 travers les segments de piston et autres crevasses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Pas de pertes par frottement<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Ces hypoth\u00e8ses et pertes simplificatrices font que la zone ferm\u00e9e (travail) du diagramme de pV pour un moteur r\u00e9el est nettement inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la taille de la zone (travail) d\u00e9limit\u00e9e par le diagramme de pV du cycle id\u00e9al.\u00a0En d\u2019autres termes, le cycle moteur id\u00e9al surestimera le travail net et, si les moteurs tournent \u00e0 la m\u00eame vitesse, une puissance plus grande produite par le moteur r\u00e9el d\u2019environ 20%.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est bas\u00e9 sur la traduction automatique de l&#8217;article original en anglais. Pour plus d&#8217;informations, voir l&#8217;article en anglais. Pouvez vous nous aider Si vous souhaitez corriger la traduction, envoyez-la \u00e0 l&#8217;adresse: translations@nuclear-power.com ou remplissez le formulaire de traduction en ligne. Nous appr\u00e9cions votre aide, nous mettrons \u00e0 jour la traduction le plus rapidement possible. Merci<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cycle Otto actuel et id\u00e9al.\u00a0Dans cette section, il est montr\u00e9 un cycle Otto id\u00e9al dans lequel il existe de nombreuses hypoth\u00e8ses qui diff\u00e8rent du cycle Otto r\u00e9el.\u00a0G\u00e9nie thermique Comparaison des cycles Otto r\u00e9els et id\u00e9aux Dans cette section, il est montr\u00e9 un\u00a0cycle Otto id\u00e9al\u00a0dans lequel il existe de nombreuses\u00a0hypoth\u00e8ses qui\u00a0diff\u00e8rent du\u00a0cycle Otto r\u00e9el\u00a0.\u00a0Les principales diff\u00e9rences &#8230; <a title=\"Qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;un cycle Otto r\u00e9el et id\u00e9al &#8211; D\u00e9finition\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-quun-cycle-otto-reel-et-ideal-definition\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;un cycle Otto r\u00e9el et id\u00e9al &#8211; D\u00e9finition\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce qu&#039;un cycle Otto r\u00e9el et id\u00e9al - D\u00e9finition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cycle Otto actuel et id\u00e9al. 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