{"id":45179,"date":"2019-10-17T16:59:45","date_gmt":"2019-10-17T15:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/quelle-est-la-loi-davogadro-definition\/"},"modified":"2020-02-23T15:40:22","modified_gmt":"2020-02-23T14:40:22","slug":"quelle-est-la-loi-davogadro-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quelle-est-la-loi-davogadro-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Quelle est la loi d\u2019Avogadro &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">La loi d&#8217;Avogadro est l&#8217;une des lois sur le gaz.\u00a0Avogadro a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 la relation entre le volume et la quantit\u00e9 de substance de gaz pr\u00e9sente.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Loi d&#8217;Avogadro<\/h2>\n<p><strong>La loi d&#8217;Avogadro<\/strong>\u00a0est l&#8217;une des lois sur le gaz.\u00a0Au d\u00e9but du XIXe si\u00e8cle, un scientifique italien,\u00a0<strong>Lorenzo Romano Amedeo, Carlo Avogadro a<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9tudi\u00e9 la relation entre le\u00a0<strong>volume<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0et la\u00a0<strong>quantit\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0de substance gazeuse pr\u00e9sente.\u00a0Les r\u00e9sultats de certaines exp\u00e9riences avec des gaz l&#8217;ont amen\u00e9 \u00e0 formuler une\u00a0<strong>loi d&#8217;Avogadro<\/strong>\u00a0bien connue\u00a0.\u00a0Il indique que, dans les m\u00eames conditions de temp\u00e9rature et de pression, des volumes \u00e9gaux de diff\u00e9rents gaz contiennent un nombre \u00e9gal de mol\u00e9cules, ou:<\/p>\n<p><em>Pour une masse fixe d&#8217;un gaz parfait \u00e0 pression et temp\u00e9rature constantes, le volume et la quantit\u00e9 de gaz sont directement proportionnels.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Vous pouvez exprimer cela math\u00e9matiquement par:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>V\u00a0<\/em><em>\u221d\u00a0<\/em><em>n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ou<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>V = constant.\u00a0n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>o\u00f9 nR \/ V est constant et:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>n<\/em>\u00a0est la quantit\u00e9 de substance mesur\u00e9e en moles<\/li>\n<li><em>V<\/em>\u00a0est le volume du gaz<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>la constante est \u00e9gale \u00e0 RT \/ p, o\u00f9\u00a0<em>p<\/em>\u00a0est la pression absolue du gaz,\u00a0<em>T<\/em>\u00a0est la temp\u00e9rature absolue et\u00a0<em>R<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0est la constante de gaz parfaite ou universelle, \u00e9gale au produit de la constante de Boltzmann et de la constante d&#8217;Avogadro.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Nombre d&#8217;Avogadro<\/h2>\n<p>En hommage \u00e0\u00a0<strong>Avogadro<\/strong>\u00a0, le nombre de particules (atomes, mol\u00e9cules, ions ou autres particules) dans\u00a0<strong>1 mole<\/strong>\u00a0de substance,\u00a0<strong>6,022 \u00d7 10\u00a0<sup>23<\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0, a \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9 d&#8217;apr\u00e8s Avogadro en tant que\u00a0<strong>constante d&#8217;\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Avogadro<\/strong>\u00a0ou\u00a0<strong>nombre d&#8217;Avogadro<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0La constante d&#8217;\u00a0Avogadro est l&#8217;\u00a0un des sept unit\u00e9s SI de base et repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par\u00a0<em>N\u00a0<\/em><sub>A<\/sub>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><span>La\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>loi d&#8217;Avogadro<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour comparer la m\u00eame substance sous deux ensembles de conditions diff\u00e9rents:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span>V\u00a0<\/span><\/em><em><sub><span>1<\/span><\/sub><\/em><em><span>\u00a0\/ n\u00a0<\/span><\/em><em><sub><span>1<\/span><\/sub><\/em><em><span>\u00a0= V\u00a0<\/span><\/em><em><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><\/em><em><span>\u00a0\/ n\u00a0<\/span><\/em><em><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Volume molaire des gaz<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>L&#8217;un des r\u00e9sultats les plus pratiques de cette loi est le\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>volume molaire d&#8217;un gaz<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>V\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>m<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0, qui est d&#8217;environ:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>V\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>m<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= 22,4 dm\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>3<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0\/ mol<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Cela signifie qu&#8217;\u00e0 temp\u00e9rature standard (273,15 K, 0 \u00b0 C) et\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Pression atmosph\u00e9rique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-pressure-physics\/atmospheric-pressure\/\"><span>pression atmosph\u00e9rique<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0standard\u00a0(101,325 kPa), le volume molaire est le m\u00eame pour tous les gaz id\u00e9aux.\u00a0Notez que c&#8217;est sous l&#8217;hypoth\u00e8se de gaz parfait.\u00a0Cette valeur d\u00e9pend fortement de la pression et de la temp\u00e9rature.\u00a0Par exemple:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>pour 273,15 K (0 \u00b0 C) et 100,00 kPa, le volume molaire d&#8217;un gaz parfait est de 22,71 dm\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>3<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0.mol\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>-1<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>pour 298,15 K (25 \u00b0 C) et 100,00 kPa, le volume molaire d&#8217;un gaz parfait est de 24,79 dm\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>3<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0.mol\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>-1<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est bas\u00e9 sur la traduction automatique de l&#8217;article original en anglais. Pour plus d&#8217;informations, voir l&#8217;article en anglais. Pouvez vous nous aider Si vous souhaitez corriger la traduction, envoyez-la \u00e0 l&#8217;adresse: translations@nuclear-power.com ou remplissez le formulaire de traduction en ligne. Nous appr\u00e9cions votre aide, nous mettrons \u00e0 jour la traduction le plus rapidement possible. Merci<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La loi d&#8217;Avogadro est l&#8217;une des lois sur le gaz.\u00a0Avogadro a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 la relation entre le volume et la quantit\u00e9 de substance de gaz pr\u00e9sente. Loi d&#8217;Avogadro La loi d&#8217;Avogadro\u00a0est l&#8217;une des lois sur le gaz.\u00a0Au d\u00e9but du XIXe si\u00e8cle, un scientifique italien,\u00a0Lorenzo Romano Amedeo, Carlo Avogadro a\u00a0\u00e9tudi\u00e9 la relation entre le\u00a0volume\u00a0\u00a0et la\u00a0quantit\u00e9\u00a0de substance gazeuse &#8230; <a title=\"Quelle est la loi d\u2019Avogadro &#8211; D\u00e9finition\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quelle-est-la-loi-davogadro-definition\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Quelle est la loi d\u2019Avogadro &#8211; D\u00e9finition\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Quelle est la loi d\u2019Avogadro - D\u00e9finition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La loi d&#039;Avogadro est l&#039;une des lois sur le gaz. 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