{"id":45553,"date":"2019-10-18T10:41:27","date_gmt":"2019-10-18T09:41:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/quest-ce-que-entropie-et-la-deuxieme-loi-de-la-thermodynamique-definition\/"},"modified":"2020-02-25T10:58:37","modified_gmt":"2020-02-25T09:58:37","slug":"quest-ce-que-entropie-et-la-deuxieme-loi-de-la-thermodynamique-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-entropie-et-la-deuxieme-loi-de-la-thermodynamique-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&#8217;est-ce que Entropie et le deuxi\u00e8me principe de la Thermodynamique &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">Entropie et le deuxi\u00e8me principe de la thermodynamique.\u00a0L&#8217;entropie se rapporte \u00e0 le deuxi\u00e8me principe puisque celle-ci pr\u00e9dit qu&#8217;un rejet de chaleur doit avoir lieu en cycle ferm\u00e9.\u00a0G\u00e9nie thermique<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Diverses d\u00e9clarations de la loi<\/h2>\n<p>La\u00a0<strong>deuxi\u00e8me loi de la thermodynamique<\/strong>\u00a0peut \u00eatre exprim\u00e9e de nombreuses mani\u00e8res sp\u00e9cifiques.\u00a0Chaque d\u00e9claration exprime la m\u00eame loi.\u00a0Ci-dessous sont \u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9s trois qui sont souvent rencontr\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"D\u00e9claration de Clausius de le deuxi\u00e8me principe\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/laws-of-thermodynamics\/second-law-of-thermodynamics\/clausius-statement-of-the-second-law\/\">D\u00e9claration de Clausius<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"D\u00e9claration de Kelvin-Planck sur le deuxi\u00e8me principe\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/laws-of-thermodynamics\/second-law-of-thermodynamics\/kelvin-planck-statement-of-the-second-law\/\">D\u00e9claration de Kelvin-Planck<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"L'entropie et le deuxi\u00e8me principe de la thermodynamique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/laws-of-thermodynamics\/second-law-of-thermodynamics\/entropy-and-the-second-law-of-thermodynamics\/\">Entropie et le deuxi\u00e8me principe<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Avant ces d\u00e9clarations, il faut rappeler le travail d&#8217;\u00a0\u00a0un ing\u00e9nieur et physicien fran\u00e7ais,\u00a0<strong>Nicolas L\u00e9onard Sadi Carnot a fait<\/strong>\u00a0avancer l&#8217;\u00e9tude de le deuxi\u00e8me principe en formant un principe (\u00a0\u00e9galement appel\u00e9\u00a0<strong>r\u00e8gle de Carnot\u00a0<\/strong>) qui pr\u00e9cise les limites de l&#8217;efficacit\u00e9 maximale que tout moteur thermique peut obtenir .<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span>L&#8217;entropie et le deuxi\u00e8me principe<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16713\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16713\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Specific-Entropy-T-s-Diagram.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16713 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Specific-Entropy-T-s-Diagram-300x273.png\" alt=\"Diagramme Ts d'un cycle thermodynamique\" width=\"300\" height=\"273\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Specific-Entropy-T-s-Diagram-300x273.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16713\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Diagramme Ts du cycle de Rankine<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span>Une cons\u00e9quence de la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>deuxi\u00e8me loi de la thermodynamique<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0est le d\u00e9veloppement de la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>propri\u00e9t\u00e9 physique<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de la mati\u00e8re, connue sous le nom d&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Qu'est-ce que l'entropie\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/what-is-entropy\/\"><strong><span>entropie (S)<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Le changement de cette propri\u00e9t\u00e9 est utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9terminer la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>direction<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0dans laquelle un processus donn\u00e9 se d\u00e9roulera.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>L&#8217;entropie<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0quantifie l&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u00e9nergie<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0d&#8217;une substance qui\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>n&#8217;est plus disponible pour effectuer un travail utile<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Cela se rapporte \u00e0 la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>deuxi\u00e8me loi<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0puisque le deuxi\u00e8me principe pr\u00e9dit que toute la chaleur fournie \u00e0 un cycle ne peut pas \u00eatre transform\u00e9e en une quantit\u00e9 \u00e9gale de travail, une certaine r\u00e9jection de chaleur doit avoir lieu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Voir aussi:\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Qu'est-ce que l'entropie\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/what-is-entropy\/\"><span>Entropie<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>Selon Clausius, l&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>entropie a<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finie via le\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>changement d&#8217;entropie S<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0d&#8217;un syst\u00e8me.\u00a0L&#8217;\u00e9volution de l&#8217;entropie S, lorsqu&#8217;une quantit\u00e9 de chaleur Q lui est ajout\u00e9e par un processus r\u00e9versible \u00e0 temp\u00e9rature constante, est donn\u00e9e par:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Entropy-Equation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16710 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Entropy-Equation.png\" alt=\"Entropie - \u00c9quation\" width=\"102\" height=\"74\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Entropy-Equation.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>Ici\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Q<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0est l&#8217;\u00e9nergie transf\u00e9r\u00e9e sous\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"La chaleur en thermodynamique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-chaleur-en-physique-chaleur-definition\/\"><strong><span>forme<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0de\u00a0<a title=\"La chaleur en thermodynamique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-chaleur-en-physique-chaleur-definition\/\"><strong>chaleur<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0vers ou depuis le syst\u00e8me pendant le processus, et\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>T<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0est la\u00a0<strong><a title=\"Qu'est-ce que la temp\u00e9rature - Physique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-temperature-physique-definition\/\">temp\u00e9rature<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0du syst\u00e8me en\u00a0<a title=\"\u00c9chelle Kelvin - Temp\u00e9rature absolue\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-temperature-physics\/kelvin-scale-absolute-temperature\/\">kelvins<\/a>\u00a0pendant le processus.\u00a0L&#8217;unit\u00e9 SI de l&#8217;\u00a0entropie est\u00a0<strong>J \/ K<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>La\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>deuxi\u00e8me loi de la thermodynamique<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre exprim\u00e9e comme\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u2206S\u22650<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0pour un cycle ferm\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Dans les mots:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span>L&#8217;entropie de tout syst\u00e8me isol\u00e9 ne diminue jamais.\u00a0Dans un processus thermodynamique naturel, la somme des entropies des syst\u00e8mes thermodynamiques en interaction augmente.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>\u2206S\u22650<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que l&#8217;entropie en dit long sur l&#8217;utilit\u00e9 d&#8217;une quantit\u00e9 de chaleur transf\u00e9r\u00e9e dans l&#8217;ex\u00e9cution des travaux, les\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Tables \u00e0 vapeur - Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques de l'eau et de la vapeur\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/steam-tables\/\"><span>tables de vapeur<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0incluent des valeurs d&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Entropie sp\u00e9cifique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/what-is-entropy\/specific-entropy\/\"><span>entropie sp\u00e9cifique<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0(s = S \/ m) dans le cadre des informations tabul\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-accordion\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-clearfix\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est bas\u00e9 sur la traduction automatique de l&#8217;article original en anglais. Pour plus d&#8217;informations, voir l&#8217;article en anglais. Pouvez vous nous aider Si vous souhaitez corriger la traduction, envoyez-la \u00e0 l&#8217;adresse: translations@nuclear-power.com ou remplissez le formulaire de traduction en ligne. Nous appr\u00e9cions votre aide, nous mettrons \u00e0 jour la traduction le plus rapidement possible. Merci<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Entropie et le deuxi\u00e8me principe de la thermodynamique.\u00a0L&#8217;entropie se rapporte \u00e0 le deuxi\u00e8me principe puisque celle-ci pr\u00e9dit qu&#8217;un rejet de chaleur doit avoir lieu en cycle ferm\u00e9.\u00a0G\u00e9nie thermique Diverses d\u00e9clarations de la loi La\u00a0deuxi\u00e8me loi de la thermodynamique\u00a0peut \u00eatre exprim\u00e9e de nombreuses mani\u00e8res sp\u00e9cifiques.\u00a0Chaque d\u00e9claration exprime la m\u00eame loi.\u00a0Ci-dessous sont \u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9s trois qui sont souvent &#8230; <a title=\"Qu&#8217;est-ce que Entropie et le deuxi\u00e8me principe de la Thermodynamique &#8211; D\u00e9finition\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-entropie-et-la-deuxieme-loi-de-la-thermodynamique-definition\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Qu&#8217;est-ce que Entropie et le deuxi\u00e8me principe de la Thermodynamique &#8211; D\u00e9finition\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce que Entropie et la deuxi\u00e8me loi de la Thermodynamique - D\u00e9finition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Entropie et la deuxi\u00e8me loi de la thermodynamique. 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