{"id":46153,"date":"2019-10-21T00:56:31","date_gmt":"2019-10-20T23:56:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/quest-ce-que-lechelle-de-pression-unite-de-pression-definition\/"},"modified":"2020-02-26T14:51:12","modified_gmt":"2020-02-26T13:51:12","slug":"quest-ce-que-lechelle-de-pression-unite-de-pression-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-lechelle-de-pression-unite-de-pression-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;\u00e9chelle de pression &#8211; Unit\u00e9 de pression &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">Il existe plusieurs \u00e9chelles de pression et unit\u00e9s de pression.\u00a0L&#8217;unit\u00e9 SI de pression et de stress est le pascal.\u00a0L&#8217;unit\u00e9 standard dans le syst\u00e8me anglais est la force de livre par pouce carr\u00e9 (psi).\u00a0G\u00e9nie thermique<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Balance de pression &#8211; Unit\u00e9s de pression<\/h2>\n<h2>Pascal &#8211; Unit\u00e9 de pression<\/h2>\n<p>Comme il a \u00e9t\u00e9 discut\u00e9, l&#8217;\u00a0<strong>unit\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0de\u00a0<a title=\"Qu'est-ce que la pression - Physique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-pressure-physics\/\"><strong>pression<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0et de stress\u00a0du\u00a0<strong>SI<\/strong>\u00a0est le\u00a0<strong>pascal<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1 pascal 1 N \/ m\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0= 1 kg \/ (ms\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pascal est d\u00e9fini comme un newton par m\u00e8tre carr\u00e9.\u00a0Cependant, pour la plupart des probl\u00e8mes d\u2019ing\u00e9nierie, il s\u2019agit d\u2019une unit\u00e9 assez petite. Il est donc pratique de travailler avec des multiples du pascal: le\u00a0<strong>kPa<\/strong>\u00a0, le\u00a0<strong>bar<\/strong>\u00a0et le\u00a0<strong>MPa<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1 MPa 10\u00a0<sup>6<\/sup>\u00a0N \/ m\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>1 bar 10\u00a0<sup>5<\/sup>\u00a0N \/ m\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>1 kPa 10\u00a0<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0N \/ m\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L&#8217;unit\u00e9 de mesure appel\u00e9e\u00a0<strong>atmosph\u00e8re standard<\/strong>\u00a0(\u00a0<strong>atm<\/strong>\u00a0) est d\u00e9finie comme suit:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1 atm = 101,33 kPa<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L&#8217;atmosph\u00e8re standard se rapproche de la pression moyenne au niveau de la mer \u00e0 la latitude 45 \u00b0 N. Il convient de noter qu&#8217;il existe une diff\u00e9rence entre l&#8217;\u00a0<strong>atmosph\u00e8re standard<\/strong>\u00a0(atm) et l&#8217;\u00a0<strong>atmosph\u00e8re technique<\/strong>\u00a0(at).<\/p>\n<p>Une atmosph\u00e8re technique est une unit\u00e9 de pression non-SI \u00e9gale \u00e0 un kilogramme-force par centim\u00e8tre carr\u00e9.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1 at = 98,67 kPa<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Pressure-Units-pascal-bar-psi-atmosphere.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16280 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Pressure-Units-pascal-bar-psi-atmosphere.png\" alt=\"Tableau - Conversion entre les unit\u00e9s de pression - pascal, bar, psi, atmosph\u00e8re\" width=\"659\" height=\"289\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Pressure-Units-pascal-bar-psi-atmosphere.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><strong><b><span>Livres par pouce carr\u00e9 &#8211; psi<\/span><\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span>L&#8217;unit\u00e9 standard dans le syst\u00e8me anglais est la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>livre-force par pouce carr\u00e9 (psi)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0C&#8217;est la pression r\u00e9sultant d&#8217;une force d&#8217;une livre-force appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 une zone d&#8217;un pouce carr\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>1 psi 1 lbf \/ in\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0= 4,45 N \/ (0,0254 m)\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0\u2248 6895 kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Par cons\u00e9quent, une livre par pouce carr\u00e9 \u00e9quivaut \u00e0 environ 6895 Pa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>L&#8217;unit\u00e9 de mesure appel\u00e9e atmosph\u00e8re standard (atm) est d\u00e9finie comme:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>1 atm = 14,7 psi<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>L&#8217;atmosph\u00e8re standard se rapproche de la pression moyenne au niveau de la mer \u00e0 45 \u00b0 de latitude N. Notez qu&#8217;il y a une diff\u00e9rence entre l&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>atmosph\u00e8re standard<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(atm) et l&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>atmosph\u00e8re technique<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(at).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Une atmosph\u00e8re technique est une unit\u00e9 de pression non SI \u00e9gale \u00e0 un kilogramme de force par centim\u00e8tre carr\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>1 at = 14,2 psi<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><b><span>Bar &#8211; Unit\u00e9 de pression<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span>La\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>barre<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0est une unit\u00e9 de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>pression<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0m\u00e9trique\u00a0.\u00a0Il ne fait pas partie du Syst\u00e8me international d&#8217;unit\u00e9s (SI).\u00a0La\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>barre<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0est couramment utilis\u00e9e dans l&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>industrie<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0et la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>m\u00e9t\u00e9orologie<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, et un instrument utilis\u00e9 en m\u00e9t\u00e9orologie pour mesurer la pression atmosph\u00e9rique est appel\u00e9 barom\u00e8tre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Une barre \u00e9quivaut exactement \u00e0\u00a0<\/span><strong><em><span>100 000 Pa<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0et est l\u00e9g\u00e8rement inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la pression atmosph\u00e9rique moyenne sur Terre au niveau de la mer (\u00a0<\/span><em><span>1 bar = 0,9869 atm).\u00a0<\/span><\/em><span>La pression atmosph\u00e9rique est souvent indiqu\u00e9e en millibars, o\u00f9 la pression standard au niveau de la mer est d\u00e9finie comme 1013 mbar, 1,013 bar ou 101,3 (kPa).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Parfois, \u00abBar (a)\u00bb et \u00abbara\u00bb sont utilis\u00e9s pour indiquer les pressions absolues et \u00abbar (g)\u00bb et \u00abbarg\u00bb pour les pressions manom\u00e9triques.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Pressions typiques en ing\u00e9nierie &#8211; Exemples<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Le\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>pascal (Pa) en<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0tant qu&#8217;unit\u00e9 de mesure de pression est largement utilis\u00e9 dans le monde et a largement remplac\u00e9 l&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>unit\u00e9 de livres par pouce carr\u00e9 (psi)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, sauf dans certains pays qui utilisent encore le syst\u00e8me de mesure imp\u00e9rial, y compris les \u00c9tats-Unis.\u00a0Pour la plupart des probl\u00e8mes d&#8217;ing\u00e9nierie, le pascal (Pa) est une unit\u00e9 assez petite, il est donc pratique de travailler avec des multiples du pascal: le kPa, le MPa ou la barre.\u00a0La liste suivante r\u00e9sume quelques exemples:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>La plupart des\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>centrales nucl\u00e9aires<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0exploitent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>des turbines \u00e0 vapeur \u00e0 condensation \u00e0 plusieurs \u00e9tages<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Ces turbines \u00e9vacuent la\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de Steam - Qu'est-ce que Steam\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-steam-proprietes-de-steam-definition\/\"><span>vapeur<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00e0 une pression bien inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la pression atmosph\u00e9rique (par exemple \u00e0 0,08 bar ou 8 kPa ou 1,16 psia) et dans un \u00e9tat partiellement condens\u00e9.\u00a0En unit\u00e9s relatives, il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;une pression manom\u00e9trique n\u00e9gative d&#8217;environ &#8211; 0,92 bar, &#8211; 92 kPa ou &#8211; 13,54 psig.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>La\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>pression atmosph\u00e9rique standard se<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0rapproche de la pression moyenne au niveau de la mer \u00e0 45 \u00b0 de latitude nord. La\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>pression atmosph\u00e9rique standard<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0est d\u00e9finie au niveau de la mer \u00e0\u00a0<\/span><em><span>273\u00a0<\/span><\/em><em><sup><span>o<\/span><\/sup><\/em><em><span>\u00a0K (0\u00a0<\/span><\/em><em><sup><span>o<\/span><\/sup><\/em><em><span>\u00a0C)<\/span><\/em><span>\u00a0et est:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em><span>101325 Pa<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em><span>1.01325 bar<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em><span>14,696 psi<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em><span>760 mmHg<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em><span>760 torr<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span>La surpression des pneus de voiture est d&#8217;environ 2,5 bars, 0,25 MPa ou 36 psig.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Chaudi\u00e8re \u00e0 tube de fum\u00e9e de locomotive \u00e0 vapeur: 150\u2013250 psig<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Un \u00e9tage haute pression de turbine \u00e0 vapeur \u00e0 condensation dans une centrale nucl\u00e9aire fonctionne \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9tat d&#8217;\u00e9quilibre avec des conditions d&#8217;entr\u00e9e de 6 MPa (60 bar ou 870 psig), t = 275,6 \u00b0 C, x = 1<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Un\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"BWR - R\u00e9acteur \u00e0 eau bouillante\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/bwr-boiling-water-reactor\/\"><strong><span>r\u00e9acteur \u00e0 eau bouillante<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0est refroidi et mod\u00e9r\u00e9 par de l&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l'eau\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-of-water\/\"><span>eau<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0comme un REP, mais \u00e0 une\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>pression inf\u00e9rieure<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(par exemple 7 MPa, 70 bars ou 1015 psig), ce qui permet \u00e0 l&#8217;eau de bouillir \u00e0 l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur du r\u00e9cipient sous pression, produisant la vapeur qui fait fonctionner les turbines.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"PWR - R\u00e9acteur \u00e0 eau sous pression\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/pwr-pressurized-water-reactor\/\"><strong><span>Les r\u00e9acteurs \u00e0 eau sous pression<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0sont refroidis et mod\u00e9r\u00e9s par<\/span><a title=\"Liquide satur\u00e9 et sous-refroidi\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-steam-what-is-steam\/saturated-and-subcooled-liquid\/\"><span>\u00a0de l&#8217;eau liquide \u00e0 haute pression<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0(par exemple 16 MPa, 160 bars ou 2320 psig).\u00a0\u00c0 cette pression, l&#8217;eau bout \u00e0 environ 350 \u00b0 C (662 \u00b0 F), ce qui fournit une marge de sous-refroidissement d&#8217;environ 25 \u00b0 C.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Le\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"R\u00e9acteur \u00e0 eau supercritique - SCWR\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/reactor-types\/supercritical-water-reactor-scwr\/\"><strong><span>r\u00e9acteur \u00e0 eau supercritique (SCWR)<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0fonctionne \u00e0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>pression supercritique<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Le terme supercritique dans ce contexte se r\u00e9f\u00e8re au\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-of-water\/critical-point-of-water\/\"><strong><span>point critique<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0thermodynamique\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-of-water\/critical-point-of-water\/\"><strong>de l&#8217;eau<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0(T\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>CR<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= 374 \u00b0 C; p\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>CR<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= 22,1 MPa)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Injection directe de carburant \u00e0 rampe commune:<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0sur les moteurs diesel, elle est dot\u00e9e d&#8217;une\u00a0<strong>rampe d&#8217;alimentation<\/strong>\u00a0haute pression (sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 1 000 bar ou 100 MPa ou 14500 psi).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est bas\u00e9 sur la traduction automatique de l&#8217;article original en anglais. Pour plus d&#8217;informations, voir l&#8217;article en anglais. Pouvez vous nous aider Si vous souhaitez corriger la traduction, envoyez-la \u00e0 l&#8217;adresse: translations@nuclear-power.com ou remplissez le formulaire de traduction en ligne. Nous appr\u00e9cions votre aide, nous mettrons \u00e0 jour la traduction le plus rapidement possible. Merci<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il existe plusieurs \u00e9chelles de pression et unit\u00e9s de pression.\u00a0L&#8217;unit\u00e9 SI de pression et de stress est le pascal.\u00a0L&#8217;unit\u00e9 standard dans le syst\u00e8me anglais est la force de livre par pouce carr\u00e9 (psi).\u00a0G\u00e9nie thermique Balance de pression &#8211; Unit\u00e9s de pression Pascal &#8211; Unit\u00e9 de pression Comme il a \u00e9t\u00e9 discut\u00e9, l&#8217;\u00a0unit\u00e9\u00a0de\u00a0pression\u00a0et de stress\u00a0du\u00a0SI\u00a0est le\u00a0pascal\u00a0. &#8230; <a title=\"Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;\u00e9chelle de pression &#8211; Unit\u00e9 de pression &#8211; D\u00e9finition\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-lechelle-de-pression-unite-de-pression-definition\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;\u00e9chelle de pression &#8211; Unit\u00e9 de pression &#8211; D\u00e9finition\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce que l&#039;\u00e9chelle de pression - Unit\u00e9 de pression - D\u00e9finition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Il existe plusieurs \u00e9chelles de pression et unit\u00e9s de pression. L&#039;unit\u00e9 SI de pression et de stress est le pascal. L&#039;unit\u00e9 standard dans le syst\u00e8me anglais est la force de livre par pouce carr\u00e9 (psi). G\u00e9nie thermique\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-lechelle-de-pression-unite-de-pression-definition\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qu&#039;est-ce que l&#039;\u00e9chelle de pression - Unit\u00e9 de pression - D\u00e9finition\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Il existe plusieurs \u00e9chelles de pression et unit\u00e9s de pression. L&#039;unit\u00e9 SI de pression et de stress est le pascal. L&#039;unit\u00e9 standard dans le syst\u00e8me anglais est la force de livre par pouce carr\u00e9 (psi). 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