{"id":46618,"date":"2019-10-22T20:03:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-22T19:03:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/quest-ce-que-la-perte-de-charge-modele-a-flux-homogene-definition\/"},"modified":"2020-03-02T13:04:00","modified_gmt":"2020-03-02T12:04:00","slug":"quest-ce-que-la-perte-de-charge-modele-a-flux-homogene-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-perte-de-charge-modele-a-flux-homogene-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&#8217;est-ce que la perte de charge &#8211; Mod\u00e8le \u00e0 flux homog\u00e8ne &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">Mod\u00e8le d&#8217;\u00e9coulement homog\u00e8ne.\u00a0L\u2019approche la plus simple pour la pr\u00e9vision des \u00e9coulements diphasiques consiste \u00e0 traiter l\u2019ensemble du d\u00e9bit diphasique comme s&#8217;il s&#8217;agissait de liquides.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Chute de pression &#8211; Mod\u00e8le \u00e0 \u00e9coulement homog\u00e8ne<\/h2>\n<p>L\u2019approche la plus simple pour la pr\u00e9vision des \u00e9coulements diphasiques consiste \u00e0 traiter l\u2019ensemble du d\u00e9bit diphasique comme s\u2019il \u00e9tait\u00a0<strong>tout liquide<\/strong>\u00a0, \u00e0 l\u2019exception de l\u2019\u00e9coulement \u00e0 la\u00a0<strong>vitesse du m\u00e9lange<\/strong>\u00a0diphasique\u00a0.\u00a0Les pertes de charge diphasiques pour les \u00e9coulements \u00e0 l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur des canalisations et des canaux sont la somme de trois contributions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>la chute de pression statique\u00a0<strong>\u2206p\u00a0<sub>statique<\/sub><\/strong>(\u00a0<a title=\"T\u00eate d'\u00e9l\u00e9vation\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/fluid-dynamics\/bernoullis-equation-bernoullis-principle\/elevation-head-2\/\">hauteur d&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9vation<\/a>\u00a0)<\/li>\n<li>la chute de pression\u00a0<strong>momentan\u00e9e \u2206p\u00a0<sub>mom<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0(\u00a0<a title=\"Acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de fluide - Perte de pression\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/fluid-dynamics\/minor-head-loss-local-losses\/fluid-acceleration-pressure-loss\/\">acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du fluide<\/a>\u00a0)<\/li>\n<li>la chute de pression de friction\u00a0<strong>\u2206p\u00a0<sub>frict<\/sub><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La perte de charge totale du d\u00e9bit diphasique est alors:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Totalp\u00a0<sub>total<\/sub>\u00a0= staticp\u00a0<sub>statique<\/sub>\u00a0+ p\u00a0<sub>maman<\/sub>\u00a0+\u00a0<sub>p frict<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les pertes de charge statiques et en moment peuvent \u00eatre calcul\u00e9es de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re qu&#8217;en cas d&#8217;\u00e9coulement monophas\u00e9 et en utilisant la\u00a0<a title=\"Densit\u00e9 de m\u00e9lange - D\u00e9bit diphasique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/fluid-dynamics\/two-phase-fluid-flow\/mixture-density-two-phase-flow\/\">densit\u00e9 de m\u00e9lange<\/a>\u00a0homog\u00e8ne\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/mixture-density-definition.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-14774 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/mixture-density-definition.png\" alt=\"m\u00e9lange densit\u00e9 - d\u00e9finition\" width=\"312\" height=\"51\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/mixture-density-definition.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Le terme le\u00a0plus probl\u00e9matique est la\u00a0<strong>chute de pression par\u00a0frottement\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Dp\u00a0<sub>Frict<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0, qui est bas\u00e9 sur la chute de pression \u00e0 une\u00a0seule phase qui est multipli\u00e9e par le\u00a0<strong>facteur de correction \u00e0\u00a0deux phases<\/strong>\u00a0(\u00a0<strong>multiplicateur de friction homog\u00e8ne &#8211; \u03a6\u00a0<sub>lo\u00a0<\/sub><sup>2<\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0).\u00a0Par cette approche, la composante de friction de la perte de charge en deux phases est:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/two-phase-pressure-drop-equation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-14901 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/two-phase-pressure-drop-equation.png\" alt=\"Chute de pression en deux phases - \u00e9quation\" width=\"225\" height=\"68\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/two-phase-pressure-drop-equation.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>o\u00f9\u00a0<strong>(dP \/ dz)\u00a0<sub>2f<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0est le gradient de pression de frottement d&#8217;un \u00e9coulement diphasique et\u00a0<strong>(dP \/ dz)\u00a0<sub>1f<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0est un gradient de pression de frottement si tout le flux (du d\u00e9bit massique total G) s&#8217;\u00e9coule sous forme liquide dans le canal (\u00a0<a title=\"Perte de t\u00eate majeure - Perte de friction\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/fluid-dynamics\/major-head-loss-friction-loss\/\">pression monophas\u00e9e standard drop<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0Le terme\u00a0<strong>\u03a6\u00a0<sub>lo\u00a0<\/sub><sup>2\u00a0<\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0est le\u00a0<strong>multiplicateur de frottement homog\u00e8ne<\/strong>\u00a0, qui peut \u00eatre d\u00e9riv\u00e9 selon diff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9thodes.\u00a0Un des multiplicateurs possibles est \u00e9gal \u00e0\u00a0<strong>\u03a6\u00a0<sub>lo\u00a0<\/sub><sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0= (1 + x\u00a0<sub>g<\/sub>\u00a0(\u03c1\u00a0<sub>l<\/sub>\u00a0\/ \u03c1\u00a0<sub>g<\/sub>\u00a0&#8211; 1))\u00a0\u00a0et donc:<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/two-phase-pressure-drop-equation2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-14902 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/two-phase-pressure-drop-equation2.png\" alt=\"Chute de pression en deux phases - \u00e9quation2\" width=\"369\" height=\"78\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/two-phase-pressure-drop-equation2.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Comme on peut le constater, ce mod\u00e8le simple sugg\u00e8re que les\u00a0<strong>pertes par frottement \u00e0 deux phases sont dans tous les cas plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es que les pertes par frottement \u00e0 une phase.\u00a0<\/strong>Le multiplicateur de friction homog\u00e8ne augmente rapidement avec la\u00a0<a title=\"Qualit\u00e9 statique - Qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bit\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/fluid-dynamics\/two-phase-fluid-flow\/static-quality-flow-quality\/\"><strong>qualit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bit<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p>L<span>Les\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>qualit\u00e9s d&#8217;\u00e9coulement<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0typiques\u00a0dans\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"G\u00e9n\u00e9rateur de vapeur\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/steam-generator\/\"><strong><span>les g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs de vapeur<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0et les\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"BWR - R\u00e9acteur \u00e0 eau bouillante\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/bwr-boiling-water-reactor\/\"><strong><span>noyaux BWR<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0sont de l&#8217;ordre de 10 \u00e0 20%.\u00a0La perte de frottement biphasique correspondante serait alors\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>2 \u00e0 4<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0fois sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle d&#8217;un syst\u00e8me monophas\u00e9 \u00e9quivalent.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est bas\u00e9 sur la traduction automatique de l&#8217;article original en anglais. Pour plus d&#8217;informations, voir l&#8217;article en anglais. Pouvez vous nous aider Si vous souhaitez corriger la traduction, envoyez-la \u00e0 l&#8217;adresse: translations@nuclear-power.com ou remplissez le formulaire de traduction en ligne. Nous appr\u00e9cions votre aide, nous mettrons \u00e0 jour la traduction le plus rapidement possible. Merci<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mod\u00e8le d&#8217;\u00e9coulement homog\u00e8ne.\u00a0L\u2019approche la plus simple pour la pr\u00e9vision des \u00e9coulements diphasiques consiste \u00e0 traiter l\u2019ensemble du d\u00e9bit diphasique comme s&#8217;il s&#8217;agissait de liquides. Chute de pression &#8211; Mod\u00e8le \u00e0 \u00e9coulement homog\u00e8ne L\u2019approche la plus simple pour la pr\u00e9vision des \u00e9coulements diphasiques consiste \u00e0 traiter l\u2019ensemble du d\u00e9bit diphasique comme s\u2019il \u00e9tait\u00a0tout liquide\u00a0, \u00e0 l\u2019exception &#8230; <a title=\"Qu&#8217;est-ce que la perte de charge &#8211; Mod\u00e8le \u00e0 flux homog\u00e8ne &#8211; D\u00e9finition\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-perte-de-charge-modele-a-flux-homogene-definition\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Qu&#8217;est-ce que la perte de charge &#8211; Mod\u00e8le \u00e0 flux homog\u00e8ne &#8211; D\u00e9finition\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce que la perte de charge - Mod\u00e8le \u00e0 flux homog\u00e8ne - D\u00e9finition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mod\u00e8le d&#039;\u00e9coulement homog\u00e8ne. 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