{"id":46756,"date":"2019-11-01T07:01:28","date_gmt":"2019-11-01T06:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/quelle-est-la-loi-de-torricelli-definition\/"},"modified":"2020-03-03T07:59:12","modified_gmt":"2020-03-03T06:59:12","slug":"quelle-est-la-loi-de-torricelli-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quelle-est-la-loi-de-torricelli-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Quelle est la loi de Torricelli &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">Loi de Torricelli, \u00e9galement connue sous le nom de principe de Torricelli, ou th\u00e9or\u00e8me de Torricelli, \u00e9nonc\u00e9 de la dynamique des fluides indiquant la vitesse d&#8217;\u00e9coulement de l&#8217;orifice<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>\u00c9quation de Bernoulli<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Bernoulli-Equation-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-14225 size-medium lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Bernoulli-Equation-min-300x169.png\" alt=\"\u00c9quation de Bernoulli; Principe\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Bernoulli-Equation-min-300x169.png\" \/><\/a><strong>L&#8217;\u00e9quation de Bernoulli<\/strong>\u00a0peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une d\u00e9claration du principe de\u00a0<strong>conservation de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie<\/strong>\u00a0appropri\u00e9 aux fluides en \u00e9coulement.\u00a0C&#8217;est l&#8217;une des \u00e9quations les plus importantes \/ utiles en\u00a0<strong>m\u00e9canique des fluides<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Il met en relation\u00a0<strong>pression et vitesse<\/strong>\u00a0dans un\u00a0<strong>\u00e9coulement incompressible non invisible<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0<strong>L&#8217;\u00e9quation de Bernoulli<\/strong>\u00a0a quelques restrictions quant \u00e0 son applicabilit\u00e9, elles se r\u00e9sument comme suit:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>syst\u00e8me \u00e0 d\u00e9bit constant,<\/li>\n<li>la densit\u00e9 est constante (ce qui signifie \u00e9galement que le fluide est incompressible),<\/li>\n<li>aucun travail n&#8217;est fait sur ou par le fluide,<\/li>\n<li>aucune chaleur n&#8217;est transf\u00e9r\u00e9e vers ou \u00e0 partir du fluide,<\/li>\n<li>aucun changement ne se produit dans l&#8217;\u00e9nergie interne,<\/li>\n<li>l&#8217;\u00e9quation relie les \u00e9tats en deux points le long d&#8217;une m\u00eame ligne de courant (pas de conditions sur deux lignes de courant diff\u00e9rentes)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dans ces conditions, l&#8217;\u00e9quation d&#8217;\u00e9nergie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale est simplifi\u00e9e pour:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Bernoulli-Theorem-Equation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-14235 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Bernoulli-Theorem-Equation.png\" alt=\"Th\u00e9or\u00e8me de Bernoulli - \u00e9quation\" width=\"346\" height=\"66\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Bernoulli-Theorem-Equation.png\" \/><\/a><br \/>\nCette \u00e9quation est l&#8217;\u00e9quation la plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre de\u00a0<strong><a title=\"Dynamique des fluides\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/fluid-dynamics\/\">la dynamique des fluides<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0<strong>L&#8217;\u00e9quation de Bernoulli<\/strong>\u00a0d\u00e9crit le comportement qualitatif du fluide en \u00e9coulement qui est habituellement d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par le terme\u00a0<strong>effet de Bernoulli<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Cet effet provoque une\u00a0<strong>baisse de la pression du fluide<\/strong>\u00a0dans les r\u00e9gions o\u00f9 la vitesse d&#8217;\u00e9coulement est augment\u00e9e.\u00a0Cet abaissement de la pression dans l&#8217;\u00e9tranglement d&#8217;un chemin d&#8217;\u00e9coulement peut sembler contre-intuitif, mais moins quand on consid\u00e8re la pression comme une densit\u00e9 d&#8217;\u00e9nergie.\u00a0Dans le flux \u00e0 grande vitesse \u00e0 travers la constriction, l&#8217;\u00e9nergie cin\u00e9tique doit augmenter aux d\u00e9pens de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie de pression.\u00a0Les dimensions des termes de l&#8217;\u00e9quation sont l&#8217;\u00e9nergie cin\u00e9tique par unit\u00e9 de volume.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span>La loi de Torricelli<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_14227\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14227\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Torricelli-Law.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14227 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Torricelli-Law.png\" alt=\"La loi de Torricelli\" width=\"421\" height=\"355\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Torricelli-Law.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14227\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Source: wikipedia.org &#8211; CC BY-SA<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><span>La loi de Torricelli<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, \u00e9galement connue sous le nom\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>de principe de Torricelli<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, ou\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>th\u00e9or\u00e8me de Torricelli<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, \u00e9nonce dans\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Dynamique des fluides\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/fluid-dynamics\/\"><span>la dynamique des fluides<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0que la vitesse, v, du fluide s&#8217;\u00e9coulant d&#8217;un\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>orifice<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0sous la force de gravit\u00e9 dans un r\u00e9servoir est proportionnelle \u00e0 la racine carr\u00e9e de la distance verticale, h , entre la surface du liquide et le centre de l&#8217;orifice et \u00e0 la racine carr\u00e9e de deux fois l&#8217;acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration provoqu\u00e9e par la gravit\u00e9 (g = 9,81 N \/ kg pr\u00e8s de la surface de la terre).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>En d&#8217;autres termes, la vitesse d&#8217;efflux du fluide de l&#8217;orifice est la m\u00eame que celle qu&#8217;il aurait acquise en tombant d&#8217;une hauteur h sous gravit\u00e9.\u00a0La loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverte et nomm\u00e9e d&#8217;apr\u00e8s le scientifique italien\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Evangelista Torricelli<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, en 1643. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 plus tard qu&#8217;il s&#8217;agissait d&#8217;un cas particulier\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>du principe<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de\u00a0<strong>Bernoulli<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Bernoulli-Theorem-Equation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-14235 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Bernoulli-Theorem-Equation.png\" alt=\"Th\u00e9or\u00e8me de Bernoulli - \u00c9quation\" width=\"346\" height=\"66\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Bernoulli-Theorem-Equation.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>L&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u00e9quation de Torricelli<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0est d\u00e9riv\u00e9e pour une condition sp\u00e9cifique.\u00a0L&#8217;orifice doit \u00eatre petit et la viscosit\u00e9 et les autres pertes doivent \u00eatre ignor\u00e9es.\u00a0Si un fluide s&#8217;\u00e9coule \u00e0 travers un tr\u00e8s petit orifice (par exemple au fond d&#8217;un grand r\u00e9servoir), la vitesse du fluide \u00e0 la grande extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 peut \u00eatre n\u00e9glig\u00e9e dans l&#8217;\u00e9quation de Bernoulli.\u00a0De plus la vitesse d&#8217;efflux est ind\u00e9pendante du sens d&#8217;\u00e9coulement.\u00a0Dans ce cas, la vitesse d&#8217;efflux de fluide s&#8217;\u00e9coulant \u00e0 travers l&#8217;orifice donn\u00e9e par la formule suivante:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>v = \u221a\u00a0<\/span><span>2gh<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est bas\u00e9 sur la traduction automatique de l&#8217;article original en anglais. Pour plus d&#8217;informations, voir l&#8217;article en anglais. Pouvez vous nous aider Si vous souhaitez corriger la traduction, envoyez-la \u00e0 l&#8217;adresse: translations@nuclear-power.com ou remplissez le formulaire de traduction en ligne. Nous appr\u00e9cions votre aide, nous mettrons \u00e0 jour la traduction le plus rapidement possible. Merci<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Loi de Torricelli, \u00e9galement connue sous le nom de principe de Torricelli, ou th\u00e9or\u00e8me de Torricelli, \u00e9nonc\u00e9 de la dynamique des fluides indiquant la vitesse d&#8217;\u00e9coulement de l&#8217;orifice \u00c9quation de Bernoulli L&#8217;\u00e9quation de Bernoulli\u00a0peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une d\u00e9claration du principe de\u00a0conservation de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie\u00a0appropri\u00e9 aux fluides en \u00e9coulement.\u00a0C&#8217;est l&#8217;une des \u00e9quations les plus importantes \/ &#8230; <a title=\"Quelle est la loi de Torricelli &#8211; D\u00e9finition\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quelle-est-la-loi-de-torricelli-definition\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Quelle est la loi de Torricelli &#8211; D\u00e9finition\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - 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