{"id":49366,"date":"2019-11-17T20:42:21","date_gmt":"2019-11-17T19:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/quest-ce-quun-cycle-diesel-reel-et-ideal-definition\/"},"modified":"2020-02-19T13:55:13","modified_gmt":"2020-02-19T12:55:13","slug":"quest-ce-quun-cycle-diesel-reel-et-ideal-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-quun-cycle-diesel-reel-et-ideal-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;un cycle diesel r\u00e9el et id\u00e9al &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">Cycle diesel r\u00e9el et id\u00e9al.\u00a0Dans cet article, il est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 un cycle diesel id\u00e9al dans lequel de nombreuses hypoth\u00e8ses diff\u00e8rent du cycle diesel r\u00e9el.\u00a0G\u00e9nie thermique<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Comparaison des cycles diesel r\u00e9els et id\u00e9aux<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17644\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17644\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Diesel-cycle-pV-Diagram.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-17644 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Diesel-cycle-pV-Diagram-300x280.png\" alt=\"Cycle diesel - Diagramme PV\" width=\"300\" height=\"280\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Diesel-cycle-pV-Diagram-300x280.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17644\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cycle diesel &#8211; Diagramme PV<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><span>Dans cet article, il est montr\u00e9 un\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>cycle Diesel id\u00e9al<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0dans lequel il y a beaucoup d&#8217;hypoth\u00e8ses diff\u00e9rentes du\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>cycle Diesel r\u00e9el<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Les principales diff\u00e9rences entre le moteur diesel r\u00e9el et le moteur diesel id\u00e9al apparaissent sur la figure.\u00a0En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le cycle id\u00e9al ne se produit pas et il y a de nombreuses pertes associ\u00e9es \u00e0 chaque processus.\u00a0Pour un cycle r\u00e9el, la forme du diagramme pV est similaire \u00e0 l&#8217;id\u00e9al, mais la zone (travail) entour\u00e9e par le diagramme pV est toujours inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la valeur id\u00e9ale.\u00a0Le cycle Diesel id\u00e9al est bas\u00e9 sur les hypoth\u00e8ses suivantes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>Cycle ferm\u00e9<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0: La plus grande diff\u00e9rence entre les deux diagrammes est la simplification des courses d&#8217;admission et d&#8217;\u00e9chappement dans le cycle id\u00e9al.\u00a0Lors de la course d&#8217;\u00e9chappement, la chaleur Q\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>out<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0est \u00e9ject\u00e9e dans l&#8217;environnement (dans un vrai moteur, le gaz quitte le moteur et est remplac\u00e9 par un nouveau m\u00e9lange d&#8217;air et de carburant).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Ajout de chaleur isobare<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Dans les moteurs r\u00e9els, l&#8217;apport de chaleur n&#8217;est jamais isobare.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Pas de transfert de chaleur<\/span><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Compression &#8211; Le gaz est comprim\u00e9 adiabatiquement de l&#8217;\u00e9tat 1 \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9tat 2. Dans les moteurs r\u00e9els, il y a toujours des inefficacit\u00e9s qui r\u00e9duisent l&#8217;efficacit\u00e9 thermique.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Expansion.\u00a0Le gaz se d\u00e9tend adiabatiquement de l&#8217;\u00e9tat 3 \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9tat 4.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Combustion compl\u00e8te<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0du m\u00e9lange.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Aucun travail de pompage<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Le travail de pompage est la diff\u00e9rence entre le travail effectu\u00e9 pendant la course d&#8217;\u00e9chappement et le travail effectu\u00e9 pendant la course d&#8217;admission.\u00a0Dans les cycles r\u00e9els, il existe une diff\u00e9rence de pression entre les pressions d&#8217;\u00e9chappement et d&#8217;entr\u00e9e.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Aucune perte de purge<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0La perte de purge est caus\u00e9e par l&#8217;ouverture pr\u00e9coce des soupapes d&#8217;\u00e9chappement.\u00a0Il en r\u00e9sulte une perte de rendement de travail pendant la course d&#8217;expansion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Pas de perte par coup<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0La perte par soufflage est caus\u00e9e par la fuite de gaz comprim\u00e9s \u00e0 travers les segments de piston et autres crevasses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Pas de pertes par friction<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Ces hypoth\u00e8ses et pertes simplificatrices conduisent au fait que la zone ferm\u00e9e (travail) du diagramme pV pour un moteur r\u00e9el est significativement plus petite que la taille de la zone (travail) incluse par le diagramme pV du cycle id\u00e9al.\u00a0En d&#8217;autres termes, le cycle moteur id\u00e9al surestimera le travail net et, si les moteurs tournent \u00e0 la m\u00eame vitesse, une plus grande puissance produite par le moteur r\u00e9el d&#8217;environ 20% (de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re que dans le cas du moteur Otto).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Diesel-cycle-Diesel-engine.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17643 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Diesel-cycle-Diesel-engine.png\" alt=\"Cycle diesel - Moteur diesel\" width=\"534\" height=\"488\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Diesel-cycle-Diesel-engine.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est bas\u00e9 sur la traduction automatique de l&#8217;article original en anglais. Pour plus d&#8217;informations, voir l&#8217;article en anglais. Pouvez vous nous aider Si vous souhaitez corriger la traduction, envoyez-la \u00e0 l&#8217;adresse: translations@nuclear-power.com ou remplissez le formulaire de traduction en ligne. Nous appr\u00e9cions votre aide, nous mettrons \u00e0 jour la traduction le plus rapidement possible. Merci<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cycle diesel r\u00e9el et id\u00e9al.\u00a0Dans cet article, il est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 un cycle diesel id\u00e9al dans lequel de nombreuses hypoth\u00e8ses diff\u00e8rent du cycle diesel r\u00e9el.\u00a0G\u00e9nie thermique Comparaison des cycles diesel r\u00e9els et id\u00e9aux Cycle diesel &#8211; Diagramme PV Dans cet article, il est montr\u00e9 un\u00a0cycle Diesel id\u00e9al\u00a0dans lequel il y a beaucoup d&#8217;hypoth\u00e8ses diff\u00e9rentes du\u00a0cycle Diesel &#8230; <a title=\"Qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;un cycle diesel r\u00e9el et id\u00e9al &#8211; D\u00e9finition\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-quun-cycle-diesel-reel-et-ideal-definition\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;un cycle diesel r\u00e9el et id\u00e9al &#8211; D\u00e9finition\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce qu&#039;un cycle diesel r\u00e9el et id\u00e9al - D\u00e9finition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cycle diesel r\u00e9el et id\u00e9al. 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