{"id":49390,"date":"2019-11-17T22:08:50","date_gmt":"2019-11-17T21:08:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/quest-ce-que-la-constante-de-gaz-universelle-definition\/"},"modified":"2019-11-17T22:08:50","modified_gmt":"2019-11-17T21:08:50","slug":"quest-ce-que-la-constante-de-gaz-universelle-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-constante-de-gaz-universelle-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&#8217;est-ce que la constante de gaz universelle &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\"><span>pV = nRT.\u00a0Dans cette \u00e9quation, le symbole R est une constante appel\u00e9e constante universelle des gaz qui a la m\u00eame valeur pour tous les gaz, \u00e0 savoir R = 8,31 J \/ mol K. G\u00e9nie thermique<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Constante du gaz universel<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Toute \u00e9quation qui relie la pression, la temp\u00e9rature et le volume sp\u00e9cifique d&#8217;une substance s&#8217;appelle une\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u00e9quation d&#8217;\u00e9tat<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0L&#8217;\u00a0\u00e9quation d&#8217;\u00e9tat la\u00a0plus simple et la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>mieux connue<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0pour les substances en phase gazeuse est l&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u00e9quation<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0d&#8217;\u00e9tat du\u00a0<strong>gaz parfait<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0\u00c9mile Clapeyron l&#8217;a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 1834 comme une combinaison de la loi empirique de Boyle, de la loi de Charles et de la loi d&#8217;Avogadro.\u00a0Cette \u00e9quation pr\u00e9dit le\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>comportement pvT<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0d&#8217;un gaz de mani\u00e8re assez pr\u00e9cise pour les gaz dilu\u00e9s ou \u00e0 basse pression.\u00a0Dans un gaz parfait, les mol\u00e9cules n&#8217;ont pas de volume et n&#8217;interagissent pas.\u00a0Selon la loi des gaz parfaits, la pression varie lin\u00e9airement avec la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>temp\u00e9rature<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0et la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>quantit\u00e9<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, et inversement avec le\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>volume<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><i><span>pV = nRT<\/span><\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>o\u00f9:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em><span>p<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0est la<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0pression absolue<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0du gaz<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><em><span>n<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0est la<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0quantit\u00e9<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de substance<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><em><span>T<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0est la<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0temp\u00e9rature absolue<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em><span>V<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0est le<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0volume<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em><span>R<\/span><\/em>\u00a0<\/strong><span>\u00a0est la<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0constante de gaz<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0id\u00e9ale ou universelle,\u00e9gale au produit de la constante de Boltzmann et de la constante d&#8217;Avogadro,<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Dans cette \u00e9quation, le symbole R est une constante appel\u00e9e constante\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>universelle des gaz<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0qui a la m\u00eame valeur pour tous les gaz, \u00e0 savoir\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>R = 8,31 J \/ mol K.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>La puissance de la loi des gaz parfaits r\u00e9side dans sa\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>simplicit\u00e9<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Lorsque\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>deux<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0variables thermodynamiques, p, v et T,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>sont\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span>donn\u00e9es<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, la\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>troisi\u00e8me<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0peut\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>facilement \u00eatre trouv\u00e9e<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0De nombreuses conditions physiques de gaz calcul\u00e9es par les ing\u00e9nieurs correspondent \u00e0 la description ci-dessus.\u00a0L\u2019utilisation du comportement du gaz la plus couramment \u00e9tudi\u00e9e par les ing\u00e9nieurs est peut-\u00eatre celle du processus de compression et du processus de dilatation utilisant des approximations du gaz parfait.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Molar-specific-heats-ideal-gas.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16807 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Molar-specific-heats-ideal-gas.png\" alt=\"Chaleur sp\u00e9cifique molaire - gaz parfait\" width=\"353\" height=\"251\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Molar-specific-heats-ideal-gas.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est bas\u00e9 sur la traduction automatique de l&#8217;article original en anglais. Pour plus d&#8217;informations, voir l&#8217;article en anglais. Pouvez vous nous aider Si vous souhaitez corriger la traduction, envoyez-la \u00e0 l&#8217;adresse: translations@nuclear-power.com ou remplissez le formulaire de traduction en ligne. Nous appr\u00e9cions votre aide, nous mettrons \u00e0 jour la traduction le plus rapidement possible. Merci<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>pV = nRT.\u00a0Dans cette \u00e9quation, le symbole R est une constante appel\u00e9e constante universelle des gaz qui a la m\u00eame valeur pour tous les gaz, \u00e0 savoir R = 8,31 J \/ mol K. G\u00e9nie thermique Constante du gaz universel Toute \u00e9quation qui relie la pression, la temp\u00e9rature et le volume sp\u00e9cifique d&#8217;une substance s&#8217;appelle &#8230; <a title=\"Qu&#8217;est-ce que la constante de gaz universelle &#8211; D\u00e9finition\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-constante-de-gaz-universelle-definition\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Qu&#8217;est-ce que la constante de gaz universelle &#8211; D\u00e9finition\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce que la constante de gaz universelle - D\u00e9finition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"pV = nRT. 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