{"id":49447,"date":"2019-11-18T23:56:50","date_gmt":"2019-11-18T22:56:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/quest-ce-que-lenergie-dionisation-definition\/"},"modified":"2020-02-25T16:58:16","modified_gmt":"2020-02-25T15:58:16","slug":"quest-ce-que-lenergie-dionisation-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-lenergie-dionisation-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;\u00e9nergie d&#8217;ionisation &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;\u00e9nergie d&#8217;ionisation?\u00a0L&#8217;\u00e9nergie d&#8217;ionisation, \u00e9galement appel\u00e9e potentiel d&#8217;ionisation, est l&#8217;\u00e9nergie n\u00e9cessaire pour \u00e9liminer un \u00e9lectron de l&#8217;atome neutre.\u00a0G\u00e9nie thermique<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>\u00c9nergie d&#8217;ionisation<\/h2>\n<p><strong>L&#8217;\u00e9nergie d&#8217;ionisation<\/strong>\u00a0, \u00e9galement appel\u00e9e\u00a0<strong>potentiel d&#8217;ionisation<\/strong>\u00a0, est l&#8217;\u00e9nergie n\u00e9cessaire pour\u00a0<strong>\u00e9liminer un \u00e9lectron<\/strong>\u00a0de l&#8217;atome neutre.<\/p>\n<p>X + \u00e9nergie \u2192 X\u00a0<sup>+<\/sup>\u00a0+ e\u00a0<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>o\u00f9 X est n&#8217;importe quel atome ou mol\u00e9cule susceptible d&#8217;\u00eatre ionis\u00e9, X\u00a0<sup>+<\/sup>\u00a0est cet atome ou mol\u00e9cule avec un \u00e9lectron enlev\u00e9 (ion positif) et e\u00a0<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>\u00a0est l&#8217;\u00e9lectron enlev\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Il y a une \u00e9nergie d&#8217;ionisation pour chaque \u00e9lectron successif enlev\u00e9.\u00a0Les \u00e9lectrons qui entourent le noyau se d\u00e9placent sur des orbites assez bien d\u00e9finies.\u00a0Certains de ces \u00e9lectrons sont plus \u00e9troitement li\u00e9s dans l&#8217;atome que d&#8217;autres.\u00a0Par exemple, seulement 7,38 eV sont n\u00e9cessaires pour \u00e9liminer l&#8217;\u00e9lectron le plus externe d&#8217;un atome de plomb, alors que 88 000 eV sont n\u00e9cessaires pour \u00e9liminer l&#8217;\u00e9lectron le plus interne.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L&#8217;\u00e9nergie d&#8217;ionisation<\/strong>\u00a0est la plus basse pour les m\u00e9taux alcalins qui ont un seul \u00e9lectron en dehors d&#8217;une couche ferm\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L&#8217;\u00e9nergie d&#8217;ionisation<\/strong>\u00a0augmente d&#8217;un rang au maximum p\u00e9riodique pour les gaz rares \u00e0 coquilles ferm\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Par exemple, le sodium n\u00e9cessite seulement 496 kJ \/ mol ou 5,14 eV \/ atome pour l&#8217;ioniser.\u00a0D&#8217;autre part, le gaz rare qui le pr\u00e9c\u00e8de imm\u00e9diatement dans le tableau p\u00e9riodique n\u00e9cessite 2081 kJ \/ mol ou 21,56 eV \/ atome.<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;\u00e9nergie d&#8217;ionisation associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9limination du premier \u00e9lectron est le plus couramment utilis\u00e9e.\u00a0La\u00a0<em>n-<\/em>\u00a0i\u00e8me \u00e9nergie d\u2019ionisation fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la quantit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9nergie n\u00e9cessaire pour \u00e9liminer un \u00e9lectron de l\u2019esp\u00e8ce avec une charge de (\u00a0<em>n<\/em>\u00a0-1).<\/p>\n<p>1\u00e8re \u00e9nergie d&#8217;ionisation<\/p>\n<p>X \u2192 X\u00a0<sup>+<\/sup>\u00a0+ e\u00a0<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>2\u00e8me \u00e9nergie d&#8217;ionisation<\/p>\n<p>X\u00a0<sup>+<\/sup>\u00a0\u2192 X\u00a0<sup>2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ e\u00a0<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><span>3e \u00e9nergie d&#8217;ionisation<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>X\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2+<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0\u2192 X\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>3+<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0+ e\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>&#8211;<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><span>Par exemple, seulement 7,38 eV sont n\u00e9cessaires pour retirer l&#8217;\u00e9lectron le plus \u00e0 l&#8217;ext\u00e9rieur d&#8217;un atome de plomb, tandis que 88 000 eV sont requis pour \u00e9liminer l&#8217;\u00e9lectron le plus \u00e0 l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16766\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16766\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Ionization-energy-first-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16766 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Ionization-energy-first-min.png\" alt=\"\u00c9nergie d'ionisation\" width=\"1139\" height=\"432\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Ionization-energy-first-min.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16766\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Source: wikipedia.org Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Electronvolt &#8211; Unit\u00e9 d&#8217;\u00e9nergie<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16549\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16549\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/electronvolt-definition-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16549 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/electronvolt-definition-min-188x300.png\" alt=\"Electronvolt - d\u00e9finition\" width=\"188\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/electronvolt-definition-min-188x300.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16549\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>L&#8217;\u00e9lectronvolt est \u00e9gal \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9nergie gagn\u00e9e par un seul \u00e9lectron lorsqu&#8217;il est acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 par 1 volt de diff\u00e9rence de potentiel \u00e9lectrique.\u00a0Le travail effectu\u00e9 sur la charge est donn\u00e9 par la charge multipli\u00e9e par la diff\u00e9rence de tension, donc le travail W sur l&#8217;\u00e9lectron est: W = qV = (1,6 x 10-19 C) x (1 J \/ C) = 1,6 x 10-19 J .<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><span>Electronvolt (unit\u00e9: eV)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Les \u00e9lectro-volts sont une unit\u00e9 d&#8217;\u00e9nergie traditionnelle, en particulier en\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Physique atomique et nucl\u00e9aire\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/\"><span>physique atomique et nucl\u00e9aire<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0L&#8217;\u00e9lectronvolt est \u00e9gal \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9nergie gagn\u00e9e par un seul \u00e9lectron lorsqu&#8217;il est\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0par\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>1 volt<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de\u00a0diff\u00e9rence de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>potentiel \u00e9lectrique<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Le travail effectu\u00e9 sur la charge est donn\u00e9 par la charge multipli\u00e9e par la diff\u00e9rence de tension, donc le travail W sur l&#8217;\u00e9lectron est: W = qV = (1,6 x 10\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>-19<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0C) x (1 J \/ C) =\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>1,6 x 10\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>-19<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0J<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Comme il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;une tr\u00e8s petite unit\u00e9, il est plus pratique d&#8217;utiliser des multiples d&#8217;\u00e9lectronvolts: kilo-\u00e9lectronvolts (keV), m\u00e9ga-\u00e9lectronvolts (MeV), giga-\u00e9lectronvolts (GeV) et ainsi de suite.\u00a0Depuis Albert Einstein a montr\u00e9 que<\/span><a title=\"Conservation de l'\u00e9nergie de masse - \u00c9quivalence masse-\u00e9nergie\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/laws-of-conservation\/law-of-conservation-of-energy\/conservation-of-mass-energy-mass-energy-equivalence\/\"><span>masse et \u00e9nergie<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0sont\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u00e9quivalentes et convertibles l&#8217;<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0une dans l&#8217;autre, l&#8217;\u00e9lectronvolt est \u00e9galement une unit\u00e9 de masse.\u00a0Il est courant en physique des particules, o\u00f9 les unit\u00e9s de masse et d&#8217;\u00e9nergie sont souvent \u00e9chang\u00e9es, d&#8217;exprimer la masse en unit\u00e9s d&#8217;eV \/ c\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0, o\u00f9 c est la vitesse de la lumi\u00e8re dans le vide (de E = mc\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0).\u00a0Par exemple, on peut dire que le\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>proton<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0a une masse de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>938,3 MeV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, bien qu&#8217;\u00e0 proprement parler il devrait \u00eatre de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>938,3 MeV \/ c\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Pour un autre exemple, une\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Annihilation de positrons\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/positron-annihilation-2\/\"><span>annihilation \u00e9lectron \u2013 positron<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0se produit lorsqu&#8217;un \u00e9lectron charg\u00e9 n\u00e9gativement et un positron charg\u00e9 positivement (chacun ayant une masse de 0,511 MeV \/ c\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><span>) entrer en collision.\u00a0Lorsqu&#8217;un \u00e9lectron et un positron entrent en collision, ils s&#8217;annihilent, entra\u00eenant la conversion compl\u00e8te de leur masse au repos en \u00e9nergie pure (selon la\u00a0<a title=\"E = mc2 Signification\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/nuclear-energy\/emc2-meaning\/\">formule\u00a0<\/a><\/span><a title=\"E = mc2 Signification\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/nuclear-energy\/emc2-meaning\/\"><span>E = mc\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/a><span>\u00a0) sous la forme de deux\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Rayons gamma \/ rayonnement gamma\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/what-is-gamma-ray-gamma-radiation-definition\/\"><span>rayons gamma<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0(photons) de\u00a00,511 MeV dirig\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on oppos\u00e9e\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>e\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sup><span>&#8211;<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0+ e\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sup><span>+<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0\u2192 \u03b3 + \u03b3 (2x 0,511 MeV)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li><span>1 eV = 1,603 x\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>10-19<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0J<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>1 eV = 3,83 x\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>10-20<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0cal<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>1 eV = 1,52 x 10\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>-22<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0BTU<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conversion-megawattday-electronvolt-energy-units.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-16546 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conversion-megawattday-electronvolt-energy-units-1024x291.png\" alt=\"conversion -megawattday, electronvolt - unit\u00e9s d'\u00e9nergie\" width=\"669\" height=\"190\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conversion-megawattday-electronvolt-energy-units-1024x291.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><strong><span>Exemple d&#8217;\u00e9nergies dans les \u00e9lectronvolts<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Neutron thermique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutron\/thermal-neutron\/\"><strong><span>Les neutrons thermiques<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0sont des neutrons en \u00e9quilibre thermique<\/span><strong><span>\u00a0avec un milieu environnant de temp\u00e9rature 290K (17 \u00b0 C ou 62 \u00b0 F)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0L&#8217;\u00e9nergie la plus probable \u00e0 17 \u00b0 C (62 \u00b0 F) pour la distribution maxwellienne est de<\/span><strong><span>\u00a00,025 eV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(~ 2 km \/ s).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>L&#8217;\u00e9nergie thermique d&#8217;une mol\u00e9cule est \u00e0 temp\u00e9rature ambiante d&#8217;environ\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>0,04 eV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Environ\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>1 eV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0correspond \u00e0 un\u00a0<strong><a title=\"Photon - Particule fondamentale\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/\">photon<\/a><\/strong><\/span><strong><span>\u00a0infrarouge<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de longueur d&#8217;onde 1240 nm.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Les photons de lumi\u00e8re visible ont des \u00e9nergies comprises entre 1,65 eV (rouge) et 3,26 eV (violet).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>La premi\u00e8re\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Qu'est-ce que la r\u00e9sonance nucl\u00e9aire - Noyau compos\u00e9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/nuclear-engineering-fundamentals\/neutron-nuclear-reactions\/compound-nucleus-reactions\/what-is-nuclear-resonance-compound-nucleus\/\"><span>r\u00e9sonance<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0dans la\u00a0r\u00e9action\u00a0n +\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-fuel\/uranium\/uranium-238\/\"><sup><span>238<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0U<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0est\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u00e0 6,67 eV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(\u00e9nergie du neutron incident), ce qui correspond au premier\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>niveau virtuel \u00e0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sup><span>239<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0U<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, a une largeur totale de seulement 0,027 eV, et la dur\u00e9e de vie moyenne de cet \u00e9tat est de 2,4 \u00d7 10 \u00e0\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>14<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0s.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>L&#8217;\u00e9nergie d&#8217;ionisation de l&#8217;hydrog\u00e8ne atomique est de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>13,6 eV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Le carbone 14 se d\u00e9sint\u00e8gre en azote 14 par\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/ionizing-radiation\/beta-decay\/\"><span>la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0(d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration b\u00eata pure).\u00a0Les\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Particule b\u00eata\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/\"><span>particules b\u00eata<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00e9mises\u00a0ont une \u00e9nergie maximale de 156 keV, tandis que leur \u00e9nergie moyenne pond\u00e9r\u00e9e est de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>49 keV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Les photons de radiographie m\u00e9dicale de diagnostic \u00e0 haute \u00e9nergie ont des \u00e9nergies cin\u00e9tiques d&#8217;environ\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>200 keV.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Le thallium 208,<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0qui est l&#8217;un des nucl\u00e9ides de la\u00a0cha\u00eene de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration\u00a0du\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Uranium 232\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-fuel\/uranium\/uranium-232\/\"><strong><sup><span>232<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0U<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u00e9met\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/what-is-gamma-ray-gamma-radiation-definition\/\"><span>des rayons gamma<\/span><\/a><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0de 2,6 MeV qui sont tr\u00e8s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et tr\u00e8s p\u00e9n\u00e9trants.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><span>L&#8217;\u00e9nergie cin\u00e9tique typique des\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Particule alpha\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/what-is-alpha-particle-definition\/\"><strong><span>particules alpha provenant<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0de la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration radioactive est d&#8217;environ\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>5 MeV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Elle est caus\u00e9e par le m\u00e9canisme de leur production.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>L&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Lib\u00e9ration d'\u00e9nergie de la fission\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/fission\/energy-release-from-fission\/\"><span>\u00e9nergie totale lib\u00e9r\u00e9e<\/span><\/a><\/strong><span>\u00a0dans un r\u00e9acteur est d&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>environ 210 MeV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0par\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-fuel\/uranium\/uranium-235\/uranium-235-fission\/\">fission de\u00a0<\/a><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-fuel\/uranium\/uranium-235\/uranium-235-fission\/\"><sup><span>235<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0U<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, r\u00e9partie comme indiqu\u00e9 dans le tableau.\u00a0Dans un r\u00e9acteur,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>l&#8217;\u00e9nergie r\u00e9cup\u00e9rable moyenne<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0par fission est d&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>environ 200 MeV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, soit l&#8217;\u00e9nergie totale moins l&#8217;\u00e9nergie de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie des\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/antineutrino\/\"><span>antineutrinos<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0qui sont rayonn\u00e9s.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Le rayon cosmique peut avoir des \u00e9nergies de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>1 MeV &#8211; 1000 TeV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est bas\u00e9 sur la traduction automatique de l&#8217;article original en anglais. Pour plus d&#8217;informations, voir l&#8217;article en anglais. Pouvez vous nous aider Si vous souhaitez corriger la traduction, envoyez-la \u00e0 l&#8217;adresse: translations@nuclear-power.com ou remplissez le formulaire de traduction en ligne. Nous appr\u00e9cions votre aide, nous mettrons \u00e0 jour la traduction le plus rapidement possible. Merci<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;\u00e9nergie d&#8217;ionisation?\u00a0L&#8217;\u00e9nergie d&#8217;ionisation, \u00e9galement appel\u00e9e potentiel d&#8217;ionisation, est l&#8217;\u00e9nergie n\u00e9cessaire pour \u00e9liminer un \u00e9lectron de l&#8217;atome neutre.\u00a0G\u00e9nie thermique \u00c9nergie d&#8217;ionisation L&#8217;\u00e9nergie d&#8217;ionisation\u00a0, \u00e9galement appel\u00e9e\u00a0potentiel d&#8217;ionisation\u00a0, est l&#8217;\u00e9nergie n\u00e9cessaire pour\u00a0\u00e9liminer un \u00e9lectron\u00a0de l&#8217;atome neutre. X + \u00e9nergie \u2192 X\u00a0+\u00a0+ e\u00a0&#8211; o\u00f9 X est n&#8217;importe quel atome ou mol\u00e9cule susceptible d&#8217;\u00eatre ionis\u00e9, X\u00a0+\u00a0est cet atome &#8230; <a title=\"Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;\u00e9nergie d&#8217;ionisation &#8211; D\u00e9finition\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-lenergie-dionisation-definition\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;\u00e9nergie d&#8217;ionisation &#8211; D\u00e9finition\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce que l&#039;\u00e9nergie d&#039;ionisation - D\u00e9finition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu&#039;est-ce que l&#039;\u00e9nergie d&#039;ionisation? 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