{"id":52530,"date":"2020-02-20T06:22:56","date_gmt":"2020-02-20T05:22:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/quest-ce-que-le-cycle-datkinson-processus-definition\/"},"modified":"2020-02-20T06:32:29","modified_gmt":"2020-02-20T05:32:29","slug":"quest-ce-que-le-cycle-datkinson-processus-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-le-cycle-datkinson-processus-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&#8217;est-ce que le cycle d&#8217;Atkinson &#8211; Processus &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">Dans un cycle d&#8217;Atkinson (cycle d&#8217;Otto modifi\u00e9), il existe une s\u00e9rie de quatre processus: deux processus isentropiques altern\u00e9s avec un processus anisochorique et un processus isobare. G\u00e9nie thermique<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<h2><span>Cycle d&#8217;Atkinson &#8211; Processus<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Dans un\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>cycle d&#8217;Atkinson<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(\u00a0<strong>cycle<\/strong>\u00a0Otto modifi\u00e9), le syst\u00e8me ex\u00e9cutant le cycle subit une s\u00e9rie de quatre processus: deux processus isentropiques (adiabatiques r\u00e9versibles) altern\u00e9s avec un processus isochore et un processus isobare:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Processus isentropique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quel-est-le-processus-isentropique-definition\/\"><strong><span>Compression isentropique<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0(course de compression) &#8211; Le gaz (m\u00e9lange carburant-air) est comprim\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re adiabatique de l&#8217;\u00e9tat 1 \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9tat 2, lorsque le piston se d\u00e9place du point de fermeture de la soupape d&#8217;admission (1) au point mort haut.\u00a0Les environs agissent sur le gaz, augmentant son \u00e9nergie interne (temp\u00e9rature) et le compressant.\u00a0En revanche, l&#8217;entropie reste inchang\u00e9e.\u00a0L&#8217;\u00e9volution des volumes et de son rapport (<\/span><em><span>\u00a0V\u00a0<\/span><\/em><em><sub><span>1<\/span><\/sub><\/em><em><span>\u00a0\/ V\u00a0<\/span><\/em><em><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><\/em><span>\u00a0) est connue sous le nom<\/span><a title=\"Rapport de compression - cycle d'Otto\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-cycles\/otto-cycle-otto-engine\/compression-ratio-otto-cycle\/\"><span>\u00a0de taux de compression<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Le taux de compression est inf\u00e9rieur au taux d&#8217;expansion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Processus isochorique - Processus isom\u00e9trique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-quun-processus-isochorique-processus-isometrique-definition\/\"><strong><span>Compression isochore<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0(phase d&#8217;allumage) &#8211; Dans cette phase (entre l&#8217;\u00e9tat 2 et l&#8217;\u00e9tat 3), il y a un transfert de chaleur \u00e0 volume constant (le piston est au repos) vers l&#8217;air \u00e0 partir d&#8217;une source externe tandis que le piston est au repos au point mort haut .\u00a0Ce processus est similaire au processus isochore du cycle d&#8217;Otto.\u00a0Il est destin\u00e9 \u00e0 repr\u00e9senter l&#8217;inflammation du m\u00e9lange carburant-air inject\u00e9 dans la chambre et la combustion rapide qui en r\u00e9sulte.\u00a0La pression augmente et le rapport (<\/span><em><span>\u00a0P\u00a0<\/span><\/em><em><sub><span>3<\/span><\/sub><\/em><em><span>\u00a0\/ P\u00a0<\/span><\/em><em><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><\/em><span>\u00a0) est appel\u00e9 \u00abrapport d&#8217;explosion\u00bb.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Processus isentropique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quel-est-le-processus-isentropique-definition\/\"><strong><span>Expansion isentropique<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0(course de puissance) &#8211; Le gaz se d\u00e9tend adiabatiquement de l&#8217;\u00e9tat 3 \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9tat 4, lorsque le piston se d\u00e9place du point mort haut au point mort bas.\u00a0Le gaz travaille sur l&#8217;environnement (piston) et perd une quantit\u00e9 d&#8217;\u00e9nergie interne \u00e9gale au travail qui quitte le syst\u00e8me.\u00a0Encore une fois, l&#8217;entropie reste inchang\u00e9e.\u00a0Le rapport volumique (<\/span><em><span>\u00a0V\u00a0<\/span><\/em><em><sub><span>4<\/span><\/sub><\/em><em><span>\u00a0\/ V\u00a0<\/span><\/em><em><sub><span>3<\/span><\/sub><\/em><span>\u00a0) est connu comme le rapport d&#8217;expansion isentropique.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><a title=\"Processus isobare\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quel-est-le-processus-isobare-definition\/\"><span>\u00c9chappement isobare<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0(course d&#8217;\u00e9chappement)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0&#8211; L&#8217;objectif principal du cycle Atkinson moderne est de permettre \u00e0 la pression dans la chambre de combustion \u00e0 la fin de la course de puissance d&#8217;\u00eatre \u00e9gale \u00e0 la pression atmosph\u00e9rique.\u00a0Puisqu&#8217;il peut y avoir de la pression atmosph\u00e9rique dans la chambre, il n&#8217;y a donc pas de d\u00e9compression comme dans un cycle Otto.\u00a0Le piston se d\u00e9place du point mort bas (BDC) au point mort haut (TDC) et le cycle passe aux points<\/span><strong><span>\u00a04 \u2192 1 \u2192 0.<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0Dans cette course, la soupape d&#8217;\u00e9chappement est ouverte tandis que le piston tire les gaz d&#8217;\u00e9chappement hors de la chambre.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Pendant le cycle Atkinson , un travail est effectu\u00e9 sur le gaz par le piston entre les \u00e9tats 1 et 2 ( compression isentropique ). Le travail se fait par le gaz sur le piston entre les \u00e9tapes 3 et 4 ( d\u00e9tente isentropique ). La diff\u00e9rence entre le travail effectu\u00e9 par le gaz et le travail effectu\u00e9 sur le gaz est le travail net produit par le cycle et il correspond \u00e0 la zone d\u00e9limit\u00e9e par la courbe du cycle. Le travail produit par le cycle multiplie la vitesse du cycle (cycles par seconde) par la puissance produite par le moteur Atkinson.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-youtube su-responsive-media-yes\"><iframe class=\"lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/X_jZbYL6xi4?\" width=\"340\" height=\"200\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-lazy-type=\"iframe\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/X_jZbYL6xi4?\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17624\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17624\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Atkinson-Engine.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-17624 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Atkinson-Engine-300x173.png\" alt=\"Moteur \u00e0 essence Atkinson\" width=\"300\" height=\"173\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Atkinson-Engine-300x173.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17624\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Moteur \u00e0 gaz Atkinson comme indiqu\u00e9 dans le brevet am\u00e9ricain 367496<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17623\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17623\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Atkinson-cycle-pV-diagram.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-17623 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Atkinson-cycle-pV-diagram-300x240.png\" alt=\"Cycle d'Atkinson - diagramme pV\" width=\"300\" height=\"240\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Atkinson-cycle-pV-diagram-300x240.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17623\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Cycle d&#8217;Atkinson &#8211; diagramme pV<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span>Processus isentropique<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Un\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Processus isentropique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quel-est-le-processus-isentropique-definition\/\"><strong><span>processus isentropique<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0est un\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Processus thermodynamiques\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-quun-processus-thermodynamique-definition\/\"><strong><span>processus thermodynamique<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0, dans lequel l&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Qu'est-ce que l'entropie\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/what-is-entropy\/\"><strong><span>entropie<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<\/a><span>du fluide ou du gaz reste constante.\u00a0Cela signifie que le\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>processus isentropique<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0est un cas particulier d&#8217;un\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>processus adiabatique<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0dans lequel il n&#8217;y a pas de transfert de chaleur ou de mati\u00e8re.\u00a0Il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;un\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>processus adiabatique r\u00e9versible<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0L&#8217;hypoth\u00e8se d&#8217;absence de transfert de chaleur est tr\u00e8s importante, car nous ne pouvons utiliser l&#8217;approximation adiabatique que dans\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>des processus tr\u00e8s rapides<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Processus isentropique et premi\u00e8re loi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Pour un syst\u00e8me ferm\u00e9, on peut \u00e9crire la\u00a0<\/span><strong><a title=\"Premi\u00e8re loi en termes d'enthalpie dH = dQ + Vdp\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/laws-of-thermodynamics\/first-law-of-thermodynamics\/first-law-in-terms-of-enthalpy-dh-dq-vdp\/\"><span>premi\u00e8re loi de la thermodynamique en termes d&#8217;enthalpie<\/span><\/a><\/strong><span>\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>dH = dQ + Vdp<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>ou<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>dH = TdS + Vdp<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Processus isentropique (dQ = 0):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>dH = Vdp \u2192 W = H\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0&#8211; H\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>1<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u2192 H\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0&#8211; H\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>1<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0=\u00a0<\/span><em><span>C\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sub><span>p<\/span><\/sub><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span>\u00a0(T\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span>\u00a0&#8211; T\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sub><span>1<\/span><\/sub><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span>\u00a0) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><em><span>\u00a0(pour\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Qu'est-ce que le gaz parfait\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/ideal-gas-law\/what-is-ideal-gas\/\"><span>le gaz parfait<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Processus isentropique du gaz parfait<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Le\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>processus isentropique<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(un cas particulier du processus adiabatique) peut \u00eatre exprim\u00e9 avec la\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Loi du gaz parfait\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/ideal-gas-law\/\"><strong><span>loi du gaz parfait<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0comme:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span>pV\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>\u03ba<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0= constant<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>ou<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span>p\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>1<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0V\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>1\u00a0<\/span><\/sub><sup><span>\u03ba<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0= p\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0V\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>2\u00a0<\/span><\/sub><sup><span>\u03ba<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span>dans laquelle\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u03ba = c\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>p<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0\/ c\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>v<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0est le rapport des\u00a0<a title=\"Capacit\u00e9 calorifique - Capacit\u00e9 calorifique sp\u00e9cifique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/laws-of-thermodynamics\/first-law-of-thermodynamics\/heat-capacity\/\"><strong>chaleurs sp\u00e9cifiques<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0(ou\u00a0<strong>capacit\u00e9s calorifiques<\/strong>\u00a0) pour le gaz.\u00a0Un pour\u00a0<strong>une pression constante (c\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sub>p<\/sub><\/strong><strong>\u00a0)<\/strong>\u00a0et un pour\u00a0<strong>un volume constant (c\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sub>v<\/sub><\/strong><strong>\u00a0)<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Notez que ce rapport\u00a0<strong>\u03ba\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>= c\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sub>p<\/sub><\/strong><strong>\u00a0\/ c\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sub>v<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0est un facteur d\u00e9terminant la vitesse du son dans un gaz et d&#8217;autres processus adiabatiques.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Processus isochorique<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Un\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Processus isochorique - Processus isom\u00e9trique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-quun-processus-isochorique-processus-isometrique-definition\/\"><strong><span>processus isochore<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0est un processus thermodynamique, dans lequel le\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>volume<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0du syst\u00e8me ferm\u00e9\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>reste constant<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(V = const).\u00a0Il d\u00e9crit le comportement du gaz \u00e0 l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur du conteneur, qui ne peut pas \u00eatre d\u00e9form\u00e9.\u00a0\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que le volume reste constant, le transfert de chaleur dans ou hors du syst\u00e8me ne fonctionne pas avec le\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Travaux p\u0394V - Travaux aux limites et travaux V\u0394p\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/laws-of-thermodynamics\/first-law-of-thermodynamics\/p%ce%b4v-work-boundary-work-and-v%ce%b4p-work\/\"><span>p\u2206V<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, mais modifie uniquement l&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-lenergie-interne-energie-thermique-definition\/\"><strong><span>\u00e9nergie interne<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0(la temp\u00e9rature) du syst\u00e8me.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Processus isochorique et premi\u00e8re loi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>La forme classique de la\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Premi\u00e8re loi de la thermodynamique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quelle-est-la-premiere-loi-de-la-thermodynamique-definition\/\"><span>premi\u00e8re loi de la thermodynamique<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0est l&#8217;\u00e9quation suivante:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>dU = dQ &#8211; dW<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Dans cette \u00e9quation, dW est \u00e9gal \u00e0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>dW = pdV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0et est connu comme le\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Travaux p\u0394V - Travaux aux limites et travaux V\u0394p\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/laws-of-thermodynamics\/first-law-of-thermodynamics\/p%ce%b4v-work-boundary-work-and-v%ce%b4p-work\/\"><span>travail<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0aux\u00a0<a title=\"Travaux p\u0394V - Travaux aux limites et travaux V\u0394p\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/laws-of-thermodynamics\/first-law-of-thermodynamics\/p%ce%b4v-work-boundary-work-and-v%ce%b4p-work\/\">limites<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Alors:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>dU = dQ &#8211; pdV<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Dans le\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>processus isochore<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0et le\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>gaz parfait<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, toute la chaleur ajout\u00e9e au syst\u00e8me sera utilis\u00e9e pour augmenter l&#8217;\u00e9nergie interne.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Processus isochorique (pdV = 0):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>dU = dQ \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><em><span>(pour le gaz parfait)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>dU = 0 = Q &#8211; W \u2192 W = Q \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em><span>(pour le gaz parfait)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Processus isochorique du gaz parfait<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Le\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>processus isochore<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0peut s&#8217;exprimer avec la\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Loi du gaz parfait\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/ideal-gas-law\/\"><strong><span>loi du gaz parfait<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0comme:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isochoric-process-equation-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17465 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isochoric-process-equation-1.png\" alt=\"processus isochore - \u00e9quation 1\" width=\"138\" height=\"52\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isochoric-process-equation-1.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>ou<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isochoric-process-equation-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17466 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isochoric-process-equation-2.png\" alt=\"processus isochore - \u00e9quation 2\" width=\"86\" height=\"66\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isochoric-process-equation-2.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>Sur un\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>diagramme pV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, le processus se produit le long d&#8217;une ligne horizontale qui a l&#8217;\u00e9quation V = constante.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Voir aussi:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Loi de Guy-Lussac\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-la-loi-gay-lussac-definition\/\"><span>Loi de Guy-Lussac<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Processus isobare<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Un\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>processus isobare<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0est un\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Processus thermodynamiques\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-quun-processus-thermodynamique-definition\/\"><span>processus thermodynamique<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, dans lequel la\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Qu'est-ce que la pression - Physique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-pressure-physics\/\"><strong><span>pression<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0du syst\u00e8me\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>reste constante<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(p = const).\u00a0Le transfert de chaleur dans ou hors du syst\u00e8me fonctionne, mais modifie \u00e9galement l&#8217;\u00e9nergie interne du syst\u00e8me.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Puisqu&#8217;il y a des changements d&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-lenergie-interne-energie-thermique-definition\/\"><span>\u00e9nergie interne<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0(dU) et des changements de volume du syst\u00e8me (\u2206V), les ing\u00e9nieurs utilisent souvent l&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Qu'est-ce que l'enthalpie\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/what-is-enthalpy\/\"><strong><span>enthalpie<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0du syst\u00e8me, qui est d\u00e9finie comme:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span>H = U + pV<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Processus isobare et premi\u00e8re loi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>La forme classique de la\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Premi\u00e8re loi de la thermodynamique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quelle-est-la-premiere-loi-de-la-thermodynamique-definition\/\"><span>premi\u00e8re loi de la thermodynamique<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0est l&#8217;\u00e9quation suivante:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>dU = dQ &#8211; dW<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Dans cette \u00e9quation, dW est \u00e9gal \u00e0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>dW = pdV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0et est connu comme le\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Travaux p\u0394V - Travaux aux limites et travaux V\u0394p\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/laws-of-thermodynamics\/first-law-of-thermodynamics\/p%ce%b4v-work-boundary-work-and-v%ce%b4p-work\/\"><span>travail<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0aux\u00a0<a title=\"Travaux p\u0394V - Travaux aux limites et travaux V\u0394p\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/laws-of-thermodynamics\/first-law-of-thermodynamics\/p%ce%b4v-work-boundary-work-and-v%ce%b4p-work\/\">limites<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Dans un proc\u00e9d\u00e9 isobare et le gaz parfait, une\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>partie de la chaleur ajout\u00e9e<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0au syst\u00e8me sera utilis\u00e9e pour\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>faire le travail<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0et une\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>partie de la chaleur<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0ajout\u00e9e augmentera l&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-lenergie-interne-energie-thermique-definition\/\"><strong><span>\u00e9nergie interne<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0(augmentera la temp\u00e9rature).\u00a0Par cons\u00e9quent, il est commode d&#8217;utiliser l&#8217;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>enthalpie<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0au lieu de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie interne.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Processus isobare (Vdp = 0):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>dH = dQ \u2192 Q = H\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>2<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0&#8211; H\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>1<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>\u00c0 entropie constante<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, c&#8217;est-\u00e0-dire dans un processus isentropique, le\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>changement d&#8217;enthalpie<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0est \u00e9gal au\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>travail de processus d&#8217;\u00e9coulement<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0effectu\u00e9 sur ou par le syst\u00e8me.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Processus isobare du gaz parfait<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Le\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>processus isobare<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0peut s&#8217;exprimer avec la\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Loi du gaz parfait\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/ideal-gas-law\/\"><strong><span>loi du gaz parfait<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0comme:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isobaric-process-equation-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17430 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isobaric-process-equation-2.png\" alt=\"processus isobare - \u00e9quation - 2\" width=\"134\" height=\"63\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isobaric-process-equation-2.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>ou<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isobaric-process-equation-3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17431 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isobaric-process-equation-3.png\" alt=\"processus isobare - \u00e9quation - 3\" width=\"77\" height=\"67\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/isobaric-process-equation-3.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>Sur un\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>diagramme pV<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, le processus se produit le long d&#8217;une ligne horizontale (appel\u00e9e isobare) qui a l&#8217;\u00e9quation p = constante.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Voir aussi:\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"La loi de Charles\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quelle-est-la-loi-de-charles-definition\/\"><span>Charles&#8217;s Law<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_17280\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17280\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Isentropic-Process-characteristics.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17280 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Isentropic-Process-characteristics.png\" alt=\"Processus isentropique - caract\u00e9ristiques\" width=\"386\" height=\"609\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Isentropic-Process-characteristics.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17280\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Processus isentropique &#8211; principales caract\u00e9ristiques<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_17463\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17463\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Isochoric-process-main-characteristics.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17463 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Isochoric-process-main-characteristics.png\" alt=\"Processus isochorique - principales caract\u00e9ristiques\" width=\"382\" height=\"468\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Isochoric-process-main-characteristics.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17463\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Processus isochorique &#8211; principales caract\u00e9ristiques<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_17426\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17426\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Isobaric-process-main-characteristics.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17426 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Isobaric-process-main-characteristics.png\" alt=\"Processus isobare - principales caract\u00e9ristiques\" width=\"381\" height=\"717\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Isobaric-process-main-characteristics.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17426\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Processus isobare &#8211; principales caract\u00e9ristiques<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est bas\u00e9 sur la traduction automatique de l&#8217;article original en anglais. Pour plus d&#8217;informations, voir l&#8217;article en anglais. Pouvez vous nous aider Si vous souhaitez corriger la traduction, envoyez-la \u00e0 l&#8217;adresse: translations@nuclear-power.com ou remplissez le formulaire de traduction en ligne. Nous appr\u00e9cions votre aide, nous mettrons \u00e0 jour la traduction le plus rapidement possible. Merci<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans un cycle d&#8217;Atkinson (cycle d&#8217;Otto modifi\u00e9), il existe une s\u00e9rie de quatre processus: deux processus isentropiques altern\u00e9s avec un processus anisochorique et un processus isobare. G\u00e9nie thermique Cycle d&#8217;Atkinson &#8211; Processus Dans un\u00a0cycle d&#8217;Atkinson\u00a0(\u00a0cycle\u00a0Otto modifi\u00e9), le syst\u00e8me ex\u00e9cutant le cycle subit une s\u00e9rie de quatre processus: deux processus isentropiques (adiabatiques r\u00e9versibles) altern\u00e9s avec un &#8230; <a title=\"Qu&#8217;est-ce que le cycle d&#8217;Atkinson &#8211; Processus &#8211; D\u00e9finition\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-le-cycle-datkinson-processus-definition\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Qu&#8217;est-ce que le cycle d&#8217;Atkinson &#8211; Processus &#8211; D\u00e9finition\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce que le cycle d&#039;Atkinson - Processus - D\u00e9finition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dans un cycle d&#039;Atkinson (cycle d&#039;Otto modifi\u00e9), il existe une s\u00e9rie de quatre processus: deux processus isentropiques altern\u00e9s avec un processus anisochorique et un processus isobare. 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