{"id":52824,"date":"2020-02-26T13:19:24","date_gmt":"2020-02-26T12:19:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/quest-ce-que-lenergie-physique-definition\/"},"modified":"2020-02-26T15:04:50","modified_gmt":"2020-02-26T14:04:50","slug":"quest-ce-que-lenergie-physique-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-lenergie-physique-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;\u00e9nergie &#8211; Physique &#8211; D\u00e9finition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;\u00e9nergie?&nbsp;L&#8217;\u00e9nergie est une quantit\u00e9 physique scalaire.&nbsp;L&#8217;\u00e9nergie est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u00e9finie comme le potentiel de travail ou de production de chaleur.&nbsp;L&#8217;\u00e9nergie totale ne peut \u00eatre ni cr\u00e9\u00e9e ni d\u00e9truite.&nbsp;G\u00e9nie thermique<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;\u00e9nergie<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_240\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-240\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Sun.jpg\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Sun.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-240 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Sun-300x298.jpg\" alt=\"Le soleil\" width=\"300\" height=\"298\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Sun-300x298.jpg\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Sun-300x298.jpg\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-240\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Le Soleil g\u00e9n\u00e8re son \u00e9nergie par fusion nucl\u00e9aire de noyaux d&#8217;hydrog\u00e8ne en h\u00e9lium.&nbsp;Dans son noyau, le Soleil fusionne 620 millions de tonnes d&#8217;hydrog\u00e8ne toutes les secondes.<br \/>Source: hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Le terme&nbsp;<strong><em>\u00e9nergie<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;est tr\u00e8s tr\u00e8s large et comporte de nombreuses d\u00e9finitions.&nbsp;Techniquement, l\u2019&nbsp;<strong>\u00e9nergie<\/strong>&nbsp;est une&nbsp;<strong>quantit\u00e9 physique scalaire<\/strong>&nbsp;associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019un ou de plusieurs objets.&nbsp;L&#8217;\u00e9nergie est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u00e9finie comme le&nbsp;<strong>potentiel de travail&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>ou de production de chaleur<\/strong>&nbsp;.&nbsp;Parfois, cela ressemble \u00e0 la \u00abmonnaie\u00bb pour effectuer un travail.&nbsp;Vous devez avoir de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie pour accomplir votre travail.&nbsp;Pour faire 1 kilojoule de travail, vous devez d\u00e9penser 1 kilojoule d&#8217;\u00e9nergie.&nbsp;Il faut ajouter que cette interpr\u00e9tation peut \u00eatre trompeuse car l\u2019\u00e9nergie n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessairement disponible pour faire le travail.<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;une des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s les plus merveilleuses de l&#8217;univers est que l&#8217;&nbsp;<strong>\u00e9nergie&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>peut \u00eatre transform\u00e9e<\/strong>&nbsp;d&#8217;un type \u00e0 un autre et&nbsp;<strong>transf\u00e9r\u00e9e<\/strong>&nbsp;d&#8217;un objet \u00e0 un autre.&nbsp;De plus, lorsqu\u2019il est transform\u00e9 d\u2019un type \u00e0 un autre et transf\u00e9r\u00e9 d\u2019un objet \u00e0 un autre, la&nbsp;<strong>quantit\u00e9 totale d\u2019\u00e9nergie est toujours la m\u00eame<\/strong>&nbsp;.&nbsp;C&#8217;est l&#8217;une des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires de l&#8217;univers.<\/p>\n<p>Par exemple, br\u00fbler de l\u2019essence pour faire fonctionner des voitures est un processus de conversion de l\u2019\u00e9nergie sur lequel nous comptons.&nbsp;L&#8217;&nbsp;<strong>\u00e9nergie chimique contenue<\/strong>&nbsp;dans l&#8217;essence est&nbsp;<strong>convertie<\/strong>&nbsp;en&nbsp;<strong>\u00e9nergie thermique<\/strong>&nbsp;, qui est ensuite convertie en&nbsp;<strong>\u00e9nergie m\u00e9canique<\/strong>&nbsp;qui fait bouger la voiture.&nbsp;L&#8217;&nbsp;<strong>\u00e9nergie m\u00e9canique<\/strong>&nbsp;a \u00e9t\u00e9 convertie en&nbsp;<strong>\u00e9nergie cin\u00e9tique<\/strong>&nbsp;.&nbsp;Lorsque nous utilisons les freins pour arr\u00eater une voiture, cette&nbsp;<strong>\u00e9nergie cin\u00e9tique<\/strong>&nbsp;est convertie par friction en chaleur, ou en&nbsp;<strong>\u00e9nergie thermique<\/strong>&nbsp;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Unit\u00e9s d&#8217;\u00e9nergie<\/h2>\n<p><strong>L&#8217;\u00e9nergie<\/strong>&nbsp;est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u00e9finie comme le potentiel de travail ou de production de chaleur.&nbsp;Cette d\u00e9finition fait que l&#8217;unit\u00e9 SI pour l&#8217;\u00e9nergie est la m\u00eame que l&#8217;unit\u00e9 de travail &#8211; le&nbsp;<strong>joule (J)<\/strong>&nbsp;.&nbsp;Joule est une unit\u00e9 d&#8217;\u00e9nergie d\u00e9riv\u00e9e qui porte le nom de&nbsp;<strong>James Prescott Joule<\/strong>&nbsp;et de ses exp\u00e9riences sur l&#8217;\u00e9quivalent m\u00e9canique de la chaleur.&nbsp;En termes plus fondamentaux, 1 joule est \u00e9gal \u00e0:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1 J = 1 kg.m&nbsp;<sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp;\/ s&nbsp;<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><span style=\"\">\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que l&#8217;\u00e9nergie est une quantit\u00e9 physique fondamentale et qu&#8217;elle est utilis\u00e9e dans diverses branches physiques et techniques, il existe de nombreuses unit\u00e9s en physique et en g\u00e9nie.&nbsp;Ces unit\u00e9s sont r\u00e9sum\u00e9es dans les points suivants:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-accordion\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\"><span style=\"\">Joule (unit\u00e9: J)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">Calorie (unit\u00e9: cal)<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">British Thermal Unit (unit\u00e9: BTU)<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">Force de pied-livre (unit\u00e9: ft.lbf)<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">Kilowatt-heure (unit\u00e9: kWh)<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">M\u00e9gawatt-jour (unit\u00e9: MWd)<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">Electronvolt (unit\u00e9: eV)<a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conversion-joule-calorie-kilowatthour-energy-units.png\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conversion-joule-calorie-kilowatthour-energy-units.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-16545 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conversion-joule-calorie-kilowatthour-energy-units-1024x291.png\" alt=\"conversion - joule, calorie, kilowattheure - unit\u00e9s d'\u00e9nergie\" width=\"669\" height=\"190\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conversion-joule-calorie-kilowatthour-energy-units-1024x291.png\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conversion-joule-calorie-kilowatthour-energy-units-1024x291.png\"><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-clearfix\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-clearfix\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-clearfix\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-clearfix\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-clearfix\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span style=\"\">Exemples d&#8217;\u00e9nergie de 1 joule<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><span style=\"\">Un joule<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;dans la vie quotidienne et dans la science correspond \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"\">L&#8217;\u00e9nergie cin\u00e9tique d&#8217;un objet de masse&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">1 kg se<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant \u00e0 \u221a2 \u2248&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">1,4 m \/ s<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"\">L&#8217;\u00e9nergie cin\u00e9tique d&#8217;un&nbsp;objet de&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">50 kg<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;(par exemple humain) se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant tr\u00e8s lentement &#8211; environ&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">0,72 km \/ h<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"\">L&#8217;\u00e9nergie n\u00e9cessaire pour soulever une pomme de taille moyenne (&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">100 g<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;) \u00e0&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">1 m\u00e8tre verticalement<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;de la surface de la Terre.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"\">La chaleur n\u00e9cessaire pour \u00e9lever la temp\u00e9rature de&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">1 g d&#8217;&nbsp;<\/span><a title=\"Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l'eau\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-of-water\/\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-of-water\/\"><span style=\"\">eau<\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp;de 0,24 \u00b0 C<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"\">La chaleur n\u00e9cessaire pour&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">\u00e9vaporer<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;de&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">0,00044 g d&#8217;eau liquide<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;\u00e0 100 \u00b0 C.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"\">La quantit\u00e9 d&#8217;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 requise pour allumer une&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">LED<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;de&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">1&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\"><strong>watt<\/strong>&nbsp;pendant&nbsp;<strong>1 s<\/strong>&nbsp;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"\">Est lib\u00e9r\u00e9 par environ&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">3,1&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"\">\u22c5&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"\">10&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><strong><sup><span style=\"\">10<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;fissions<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;dans un r\u00e9acteur nucl\u00e9aire.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"\">Formes d&#8217;\u00e9nergie<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"\">L&#8217;\u00e9nergie existe sous plusieurs formes.&nbsp;Les formes d&#8217;\u00e9nergie courantes incluent&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">l&#8217;\u00e9nergie m\u00e9canique<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;qui est classiquement divis\u00e9e en&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">\u00e9nergie cin\u00e9tique<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;et&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">potentielle<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;.&nbsp;L&#8217;\u00e9nergie cin\u00e9tique est li\u00e9e \u00e0 la vitesse d&#8217;un&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">objet en mouvement<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;.&nbsp;L&#8217;\u00e9nergie potentielle est li\u00e9e \u00e0&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">la position d&#8217;<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;un&nbsp;<strong>objet<\/strong>&nbsp;dans un&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">champ de force<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;(gravitationnel, \u00e9lectrique ou magn\u00e9tique).&nbsp;La tension dans un ressort ou la tension du film de surface sont d&#8217;autres formes d&#8217;\u00e9nergie m\u00e9canique potentielle (\u00e9nergie \u00e9lastique).&nbsp;Il existe de nombreuses autres formes d&#8217;\u00e9nergie, notamment \u00e9lectrique, magn\u00e9tique, chimique et&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">nucl\u00e9aire<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"\">En thermodynamique,<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;le concept d&#8217;\u00e9nergie est \u00e9largi pour tenir compte des autres changements observ\u00e9s.&nbsp;La thermodynamique traite d&#8217;un autre type d&#8217;\u00e9nergie appel\u00e9 \u00ab&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">\u00e9nergie thermique<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;\u00bb ou \u00ab&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">\u00e9nergie interne<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;\u00bb.&nbsp;Les seules fa\u00e7ons dont l&#8217;\u00e9nergie d&#8217;un syst\u00e8me ferm\u00e9 peut \u00eatre modifi\u00e9e sont le transfert d&#8217;\u00e9nergie&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">par le travail<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;ou&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">par la chaleur<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;.&nbsp;De plus, sur la base des exp\u00e9riences de Joule et d&#8217;autres, un aspect fondamental du concept \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique est que l&#8217;&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">\u00e9nergie est conserv\u00e9e.&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">Ce principe est connu comme&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">le premi\u00e8re principe de la thermodynamique<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;.&nbsp;En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, l&#8217;\u00e9nergie est un concept fondamental de la thermodynamique et l&#8217;un des aspects les plus importants de l&#8217;analyse technique.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-accordion\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\"><span style=\"\">\u00c9nergie m\u00e9canique<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">\u00c9nergie cin\u00e9tique<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">\u00c9nergie potentielle<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">\u00c9nergie gravitationnelle<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">\u00c9nergie interne<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">Enthalpie<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">Entropie<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">Gibbs Free Energy<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">\u00c9nergie \u00e9lectrique<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">Energie radiante<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">\u00c9nergie d&#8217;ionisation<\/li>\n<li class=\"su-spoiler-title\" role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">\u00c9nergie nucl\u00e9aire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-clearfix\">\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span style=\"\">\u00c9quivalence masse-\u00e9nergie<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"\">L&#8217;un des r\u00e9sultats frappants de&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">la th\u00e9orie de la relativit\u00e9 d&#8217;Einstein<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;est que la&nbsp;<\/span><strong><a title=\"Conservation de l'\u00e9nergie de masse - \u00c9quivalence masse-\u00e9nergie\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/laws-of-conservation\/law-of-conservation-of-energy\/conservation-of-mass-energy-mass-energy-equivalence\/\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/laws-of-conservation\/law-of-conservation-of-energy\/conservation-of-mass-energy-mass-energy-equivalence\/\"><span style=\"\">masse et l&#8217;\u00e9nergie sont \u00e9quivalentes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp;et convertibles l&#8217;<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;une dans l&#8217;autre.&nbsp;L&#8217;\u00e9quivalence de la masse et de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie est d\u00e9crite par la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre formule d&#8217;Einstein:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/emc2-e1414305346127.png\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/emc2-e1414305346127.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-45 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/emc2-300x195.png\" alt=\"E = MC2\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/emc2-300x195.png\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/emc2-300x195.png\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"\">, o\u00f9 M est la petite quantit\u00e9 de masse et C est la vitesse de la lumi\u00e8re.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"\">Qu&#8217;est-ce que cela signifie?&nbsp;Si l&#8217;\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire est g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e (division d&#8217;atomes, fusion nucl\u00e9aire), une petite quantit\u00e9 de masse (\u00e9conomis\u00e9e dans l&#8217;&nbsp;<\/span><a title=\"\u00c9nergie de liaison nucl\u00e9aire\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/binding-energy\/nuclear-binding-energy\/\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/binding-energy\/nuclear-binding-energy\/\"><strong><span style=\"\">\u00e9nergie de liaison nucl\u00e9aire<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span style=\"\">&nbsp;) se transforme en \u00e9nergie pure (comme l&#8217;\u00e9nergie cin\u00e9tique, l&#8217;\u00e9nergie thermique ou l&#8217;\u00e9nergie rayonnante).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"\">L&#8217;\u00e9quivalent \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique d&#8217;un gramme (1\/1000 de kilogramme) de masse \u00e9quivaut \u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"\">89,9 t\u00e9rajoules<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"\">25,0 millions de kilowattheures (\u2248 25 GW \u00b7 h)<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"\">21,5 milliards de kilocalories (\u2248 21 Tcal)<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"\">85,2 milliards de BTU<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"\">ou \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9nergie d\u00e9gag\u00e9e par la combustion des \u00e9l\u00e9ments suivants:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"\">21,5 kilotonnes d&#8217;\u00e9nergie \u00e9quivalente au TNT (\u2248 21 kt)<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"\">568 000 gallons am\u00e9ricains d&#8217;essence automobile<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"\">Chaque fois que de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie est g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e, le processus peut \u00eatre \u00e9valu\u00e9 du&nbsp;point de vue&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">E = mc&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><strong><sup><span style=\"\">2<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"\">Principe de conservation de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"\">L&#8217;une des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s les plus merveilleuses de l&#8217;univers est que l&#8217;&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">\u00e9nergie peut \u00eatre transform\u00e9e d&#8217;un type \u00e0 un autre<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;et&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">transf\u00e9r\u00e9e d&#8217;un objet \u00e0 un autre<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;.&nbsp;De plus, lorsqu&#8217;elle est transform\u00e9e d&#8217;un type \u00e0 un autre et transf\u00e9r\u00e9e d&#8217;un objet \u00e0 un autre, la&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">quantit\u00e9 totale d&#8217;\u00e9nergie est toujours la m\u00eame<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;.&nbsp;C&#8217;est l&#8217;une des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires de l&#8217;univers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"\">En&nbsp;<\/span><a title=\"Thermodynamique\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/\"><span style=\"\">thermodynamique,<\/span><\/a><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;le concept d&#8217;\u00e9nergie est \u00e9largi pour tenir compte des autres changements observ\u00e9s, et le&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">principe de conservation de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;est \u00e9tendu pour inclure une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de fa\u00e7ons dont les syst\u00e8mes interagissent avec leur environnement.&nbsp;Les seules fa\u00e7ons dont l&#8217;\u00e9nergie d&#8217;un syst\u00e8me ferm\u00e9 peut \u00eatre modifi\u00e9e sont le transfert d&#8217;\u00e9nergie&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">par le travail<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;ou&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">par la chaleur<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;.&nbsp;De plus, sur la base des exp\u00e9riences de Joule et d&#8217;autres, un aspect fondamental du concept \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique est que l&#8217;&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">\u00e9nergie est conserv\u00e9e.&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">Ce principe est connu comme&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">le premi\u00e8re principe de la thermodynamique<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;.&nbsp;La premi\u00e8re loi de la thermodynamique peut s&#8217;\u00e9crire sous diff\u00e9rentes formes:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"\">Dans les mots:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/first-law-of-thermodynamics-in-words.png\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/first-law-of-thermodynamics-in-words.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-15717 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/first-law-of-thermodynamics-in-words.png\" alt=\"premi\u00e8re-loi-de-thermodynamique-en-mots\" width=\"521\" height=\"105\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/first-law-of-thermodynamics-in-words.png\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/first-law-of-thermodynamics-in-words.png\"><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_15716\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15716\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conservation-of-energy-in-thermodynamics.png\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conservation-of-energy-in-thermodynamics.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-15716 size-medium lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conservation-of-energy-in-thermodynamics-201x300.png\" alt=\"conservation-d'\u00e9nergie-en-thermodynamique\" width=\"201\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conservation-of-energy-in-thermodynamics-201x300.png\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conservation-of-energy-in-thermodynamics-201x300.png\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15716\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"\">Disposition physique des quatre principaux dispositifs utilis\u00e9s dans le cycle de Rankine et transferts d&#8217;\u00e9nergie de base.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><span style=\"\">Formulaire d&#8217;\u00e9quation:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"\">\u2206E&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span style=\"\">int<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;= Q &#8211; W<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"\">o\u00f9&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">E&nbsp;<\/span><sub><span style=\"\">int<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;repr\u00e9sente l&#8217;&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">\u00e9nergie interne<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;du mat\u00e9riau, qui ne d\u00e9pend que de l&#8217;&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">\u00e9tat du mat\u00e9riau<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;(temp\u00e9rature, pression et volume).&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">Q<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;est la&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">chaleur nette ajout\u00e9e<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;au syst\u00e8me et&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">W<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;est le&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">travail net effectu\u00e9 par<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;le syst\u00e8me.&nbsp;Nous devons \u00eatre prudents et coh\u00e9rents en suivant les conventions de signe pour Q et W. Parce que W dans l&#8217;\u00e9quation est le travail effectu\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me, alors si le travail est effectu\u00e9 sur le syst\u00e8me, W sera n\u00e9gatif et E&nbsp;<\/span><sub><span style=\"\">int<\/span><\/sub><span style=\"\">&nbsp;augmentera.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"\">De m\u00eame, Q est positif pour la chaleur ajout\u00e9e au syst\u00e8me, donc si la chaleur quitte le syst\u00e8me, Q est n\u00e9gative.&nbsp;Cela nous dit ce qui suit: L&#8217;&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">\u00e9nergie interne<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;d&#8217;un syst\u00e8me a tendance \u00e0 augmenter si la chaleur est absorb\u00e9e par le syst\u00e8me ou si un travail positif est effectu\u00e9 sur le syst\u00e8me.&nbsp;Inversement, l&#8217;\u00e9nergie interne a tendance \u00e0 diminuer si la chaleur est perdue par le syst\u00e8me ou si un travail n\u00e9gatif est effectu\u00e9 sur le syst\u00e8me.&nbsp;Il faut ajouter que Q et W d\u00e9pendent du chemin, tandis que E&nbsp;<\/span><sub><span style=\"\">int<\/span><\/sub><span style=\"\">&nbsp;est ind\u00e9pendant du chemin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"\">Forme diff\u00e9rentielle:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"\">dE&nbsp;<\/span><sub><span style=\"\">int<\/span><\/sub><span style=\"\">&nbsp;= dQ &#8211; dW<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"\">L&#8217;\u00e9nergie interne E&nbsp;<\/span><sub><span style=\"\">int<\/span><\/sub><span style=\"\">&nbsp;d&#8217;un syst\u00e8me a tendance \u00e0 augmenter si de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie est ajout\u00e9e sous forme de chaleur Q et a tendance \u00e0 diminuer si de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie est perdue en tant que travail W effectu\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"\">Sources d&#8217;\u00e9nergie<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16776\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16776\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Primary-energy-sources-share-min.png\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Primary-energy-sources-share-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16776 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Primary-energy-sources-share-min-300x261.png\" alt=\"Approvisionnement total en \u00e9nergie primaire\" width=\"300\" height=\"261\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Primary-energy-sources-share-min-300x261.png\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Primary-energy-sources-share-min-300x261.png\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16776\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"\">Approvisionnement total en \u00e9nergie primaire par ressource 1993, 2011 et pr\u00e9visions pour 2020.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"\">Source: World Energy Resources &#8211; Enqu\u00eate 2013<\/span><br \/><span style=\"\">Utilis\u00e9 avec la permission du Conseil mondial de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><span style=\"\">Les sources d&#8217;\u00e9nergie<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;ont toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le tr\u00e8s important dans le d\u00e9veloppement de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 humaine.&nbsp;Depuis la r\u00e9volution industrielle, l&#8217;\u00e9nergie a \u00e9t\u00e9 une force motrice pour le d\u00e9veloppement de la civilisation moderne.&nbsp;Le d\u00e9veloppement technologique et la&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">consommation d&#8217;\u00e9nergie primaire<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;, ainsi que l&#8217;augmentation de la population mondiale sont interd\u00e9pendants.&nbsp;Au cours des 20 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, le monde qui nous entoure a consid\u00e9rablement chang\u00e9.&nbsp;La technologie est devenue l&#8217;un des principaux moteurs du d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique et social.&nbsp;Les progr\u00e8s rapides des technologies de l&#8217;information (TI) partout dans le monde ont transform\u00e9 non seulement notre fa\u00e7on de penser, mais aussi notre fa\u00e7on d&#8217;agir.&nbsp;Il faut noter que pratiquement toutes les technologies fonctionnent \u00e0&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">l&#8217;\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;et donc la part de l&#8217;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 augmente rapidement, plus rapidement que<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">Approvisionnement total en \u00e9nergie primaire<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;(TPES &#8211; la somme de la production et des importations soustrayant les exportations et les changements de stockage.).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"\">\u00c0 l&#8217;heure actuelle, les combustibles fossiles sont toujours la source d&#8217;\u00e9nergie pr\u00e9dominante dans le monde et leur extraction, leur production et leur utilisation ne sont pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme efficaces quelles que soient les nouvelles technologies disponibles pour am\u00e9liorer leur utilisation et leur extraction.&nbsp;Lors de l&#8217;\u00e9tude des ressources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, nous devons distinguer les&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">sources d&#8217;\u00e9nergie primaires<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;et&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">les sources d&#8217;\u00e9nergie secondaires<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"\">Sources d&#8217;\u00e9nergie primaire<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16775\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16775\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/primary-energy-sources-table-min.png\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/primary-energy-sources-table-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-16775 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/primary-energy-sources-table-min.png\" alt=\"sources d'\u00e9nergie primaire - tableau\" width=\"437\" height=\"503\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/primary-energy-sources-table-min.png\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/primary-energy-sources-table-min.png\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16775\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"\">Indicateurs cl\u00e9s pour 1993, 2011 et pr\u00e9visions pour 2020.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"\">Source: World Energy Resources &#8211; Enqu\u00eate 2013<\/span><br \/><span style=\"\">Utilis\u00e9 avec la permission du Conseil mondial de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><span style=\"\">L&#8217;\u00e9nergie primaire (PE)<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;est une ressource \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique pr\u00e9sente dans la nature qui n&#8217;a subi aucun processus de conversion ou de transformation.&nbsp;Il s&#8217;agit de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie contenue dans&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">les combustibles bruts<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;et d&#8217;autres formes d&#8217;\u00e9nergie re\u00e7ues en entr\u00e9e d&#8217;un syst\u00e8me.&nbsp;Les sources d&#8217;\u00e9nergie primaire prennent de nombreuses formes, notamment l&#8217;\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire, les \u00e9nergies fossiles &#8211; comme le p\u00e9trole, le charbon et le gaz naturel &#8211; et les sources renouvelables comme l&#8217;\u00e9olien, le solaire, la g\u00e9othermie et l&#8217;hydro\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.&nbsp;Ces sources primaires&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">peuvent \u00eatre converties<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;en source d&#8217;\u00e9nergie secondaire, appel\u00e9es&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">vecteurs d&#8217;\u00e9nergie<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;.&nbsp;Les sources d&#8217;\u00e9nergie primaire peuvent \u00eatre divis\u00e9es en:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"\">Sources non renouvelables<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"\">Combustibles fossiles<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"\">P\u00e9trole<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"\">Charbon<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"\">Gaz naturel<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"\">Combustibles min\u00e9raux<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"\">Uranium naturel<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"\">Thorium naturel<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"\">De sources renouvelables<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"\">\u00c9nergie solaire<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"\">L&#8217;\u00e9nergie \u00e9olienne<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"\">\u00c9nergie hydraulique et mar\u00e9motrice<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"\">L&#8217;\u00e9nergie g\u00e9othermique<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"\">\u00c9nergie de biomasse (si exploit\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re durable)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"\">Sources d&#8217;\u00e9nergie secondaires &#8211; Transporteurs d&#8217;\u00e9nergie<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><span style=\"\">Les sources d&#8217;\u00e9nergie secondaire<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;, \u00e9galement appel\u00e9es&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">vecteurs d&#8217;\u00e9nergie<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;, sont issues de la transformation des sources d&#8217;\u00e9nergie primaire.&nbsp;Ils sont appel\u00e9s porteurs d&#8217;\u00e9nergie, car ils d\u00e9placent l&#8217;\u00e9nergie sous une forme utilisable d&#8217;un endroit \u00e0 un autre.&nbsp;Les vecteurs d&#8217;\u00e9nergie bien connus sont:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"\">\u00c9lectricit\u00e9<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"\">Essence<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"\">Hydrog\u00e8ne<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"\">\u00c9lectricit\u00e9<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;et&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">hydrog\u00e8ne<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;provenant de sources d&#8217;\u00e9nergie primaire telles que le charbon, le gaz naturel, l&#8217;\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire, le p\u00e9trole et les sources d&#8217;\u00e9nergie renouvelables.&nbsp;L&#8217;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 est particuli\u00e8rement utile car elle a une&nbsp;<\/span><strong><span style=\"\">faible entropie<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"\">&nbsp;(est tr\u00e8s ordonn\u00e9e) et peut \u00eatre convertie en d&#8217;autres formes d&#8217;\u00e9nergie tr\u00e8s efficacement.&nbsp;Simplement, nous ne pouvons pas dire que l&#8217;hydrog\u00e8ne a le potentiel de compenser les combustibles fossiles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"\">Des sources d&#8217;\u00e9nergie secondaires sont utilis\u00e9es, car son utilisation est plus facile que l&#8217;utilisation d&#8217;une source d&#8217;\u00e9nergie primaire.&nbsp;Par exemple, l&#8217;utilisation de l&#8217;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 pour l&#8217;\u00e9clairage est plus s\u00fbre que l&#8217;utilisation de p\u00e9trole dans des bougies ou des lampes \u00e0 p\u00e9trole.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"\">D&#8217;un autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, toute conversion d&#8217;\u00e9nergie primaire en vecteur d&#8217;\u00e9nergie est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une certaine inefficacit\u00e9.&nbsp;Par cons\u00e9quent, lorsqu&#8217;il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;une source d&#8217;\u00e9nergie secondaire, nous devons toujours consid\u00e9rer la fa\u00e7on dont le porteur a \u00e9t\u00e9 fabriqu\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div role=\"button\" data-mce-tabindex=\"0\">\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article est bas\u00e9 sur la traduction automatique de l&#8217;article original en anglais. Pour plus d&#8217;informations, voir l&#8217;article en anglais. Pouvez vous nous aider Si vous souhaitez corriger la traduction, envoyez-la \u00e0 l&#8217;adresse: translations@nuclear-power.com ou remplissez le formulaire de traduction en ligne. Nous appr\u00e9cions votre aide, nous mettrons \u00e0 jour la traduction le plus rapidement possible. Merci<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;\u00e9nergie?&nbsp;L&#8217;\u00e9nergie est une quantit\u00e9 physique scalaire.&nbsp;L&#8217;\u00e9nergie est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u00e9finie comme le potentiel de travail ou de production de chaleur.&nbsp;L&#8217;\u00e9nergie totale ne peut \u00eatre ni cr\u00e9\u00e9e ni d\u00e9truite.&nbsp;G\u00e9nie thermique Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;\u00e9nergie Le Soleil g\u00e9n\u00e8re son \u00e9nergie par fusion nucl\u00e9aire de noyaux d&#8217;hydrog\u00e8ne en h\u00e9lium.&nbsp;Dans son noyau, le Soleil fusionne 620 millions de tonnes &#8230; <a title=\"Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;\u00e9nergie &#8211; Physique &#8211; D\u00e9finition\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/quest-ce-que-lenergie-physique-definition\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;\u00e9nergie &#8211; Physique &#8211; D\u00e9finition\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce que l&#039;\u00e9nergie - Physique - D\u00e9finition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu&#039;est-ce que l&#039;\u00e9nergie? 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