{"id":469335,"date":"2024-07-06T16:38:18","date_gmt":"2024-07-06T15:38:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%89%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%97-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%b5\/"},"modified":"2024-07-06T16:38:18","modified_gmt":"2024-07-06T15:38:18","slug":"%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%89%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%97-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/hi\/%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%89%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%97-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%b5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u0925\u0930-\u092e\u0932_\u092e-\u0921\u0932-\u0917_\u0938_\u0924-\u092a\u092e-\u0928_\u0935-\u0924\u0930\u0923_\u0915_\u092d\u0935-\u0937-\u092f\u0935-\u0923_\u0915-\u0938_\u0915_\u091c-\u0924_\u0939.png\" alt=\"\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/h2>\n<p>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0907\u090f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h2>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li> <b>\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923:<\/b> \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923, \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928, \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u0964 <\/li>\n<li> <b>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/b> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0902 (boundary conditions) \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u0902\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li> <b>\u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928:<\/b> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 <\/li>\n<li> <b>\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u093e:<\/b> \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u093c\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940\u090f\u092e (FDM &#8211; Finite Difference Method), \u090f\u092b\u0908\u090f\u092e (FEM &#8211; Finite Element Method) \u092f\u093e \u090f\u092b\u0935\u0940\u090f\u092e (FVM &#8211; Finite Volume Method) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li> <b>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928:<\/b> \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li> <b>\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923 (Conduction):<\/b> \u092f\u0939 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 Fourier&#8217;s Law \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: <br \/>\n    <i>q = -k A (dT\/dx)<\/i> <br \/>\n    \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902, <br \/>\n    q = \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0930 <br \/>\n    k = \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 <br \/>\n    A = \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 <br \/>\n    dT\/dx = \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f<\/li>\n<li> <b>\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928 (Convection):<\/b> \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 Newton&#8217;s Law of Cooling \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: <br \/>\n    <i>q = h A (T_s &#8211; T_\u221e)<\/i><br \/>\n    \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902, <br \/>\n    q = \u0917\u0930\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0935 <br \/>\n    h = \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u0939\u0940\u091f \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u090f\u092b\u093f\u0936\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f <br \/>\n    A = \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 <br \/>\n    T_s = \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 <br \/>\n    T_\u221e = \u0906\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/li>\n<li> <b>\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 (Radiation):<\/b> \u092f\u0939 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923 Stefan-Boltzmann Law \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: <br \/>\n    <i>Q = \u03b5 \u03c3 A (T^4)<\/i> <br \/>\n    \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902, <br \/>\n    Q = \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f <br \/>\n    \u03b5 = \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924\u0924\u093e <br \/>\n    \u03c3 = Stefan-Boltzmann \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0915 <br \/>\n    A = \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 <br \/>\n    T = \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902<\/h2>\n<p>\u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093f \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <b>\u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e:<\/b> \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u0924\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 <\/li>\n<li> <b>\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924:<\/b> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u093c\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/li>\n<li> <b>\u092a\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/b> \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092a\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0936\u094b\u0927, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[127],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923\u0964\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/hi\/\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932-\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917-\u0938\u0947-\u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928-\u0935\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hi_IN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923\u0964\" \/>\n<meta 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