{"id":472437,"date":"2024-07-06T17:20:23","date_gmt":"2024-07-06T16:20:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%9f-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%95\/"},"modified":"2024-07-06T17:20:23","modified_gmt":"2024-07-06T16:20:23","slug":"%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%9f-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/hi\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%9f-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%95\/","title":{"rendered":"\u091c\u0947\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u091c\u0947\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940: \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u091c\u0947\u091f \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0939\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0925\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u091c-\u091f_\u092a-\u0930\u0923-\u0926\u0928_\u0915_\u0924-\u092a\u0917\u0924-\u0915_\u0915-\u092f_\u0939.png\" alt=\"\u091c\u0947\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u091c\u0947\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/h2>\n<p>\u091c\u0947\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0928 (jet propulsion) \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 (thermodynamics) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<h2>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e:<\/strong> \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0928 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e (heat) \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0924\u093e (cold) \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u092a\u0940 (entropy) \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u091c\u0947\u091f \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/h2>\n<p>\u091c\u0947\u091f \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0928 (Air Compression):<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0926\u093e\u092c (high pressure) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0926\u0939\u0928 (Fuel Combustion):<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 (Gas Expansion):<\/strong> \u0926\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0935\u0947\u0917 (velocity) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 (Gas Exhaust):<\/strong> \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0915 \u092c\u0932 (thrust) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0947\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/h2>\n<p>\u091c\u0947\u091f \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0928 (Adiabatic Compression):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0907\u0938\u094b\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0926\u0939\u0928 (Isothermal Combustion):<\/strong> \u0926\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0909\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u0940\u0924\u0928 (Exhaust):<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u092a\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u091c\u0947\u091f \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e<\/h2>\n<p>\u091c\u0947\u091f \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u092e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u091f (T) \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0916\u092a\u0924 (specific fuel consumption &#8211; SFC) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927:<\/p>\n<p>\\( SFC = \\frac{\\dot{m_f}}{T} \\)<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901, \\(\\dot{m_f}\\) \u092b\u093c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0930\u0947\u091f (fuel flow rate) \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939, \u091c\u0947\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0905\u0939\u092e \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0920 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u091c\u0947\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940: \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u091c\u0947\u091f \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0939\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0925\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[127],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u091c\u0947\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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