{"id":474351,"date":"2024-07-06T17:47:25","date_gmt":"2024-07-06T16:47:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-3-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95\/"},"modified":"2024-07-06T17:47:25","modified_gmt":"2024-07-06T16:47:25","slug":"%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-3-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/hi\/%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-3-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 3 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 3 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902: \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f \u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u095b\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0949\u091f \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f, \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u095b\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0936 \u090f\u0928\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f\u0964<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u0924-\u092a-\u092f_\u091a-\u0932\u0915\u0924_\u092e-\u092a\u0928_\u0915_3_\u092a-\u0930\u0915-\u0930.png\" alt=\"\"\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 3 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\"\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 3 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/h2>\n<p>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e (Thermal Conductivity) \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f<\/li>\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f<\/li>\n<li>\u0932\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h3>1. \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f (Steady State Measurement Method) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0924\u092c \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0920\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0930, Fourier&#8217;s Law \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0920\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 constant \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li>Thermal conductivity \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\nq = &#8211; k \\cdot \\frac{dT}{dx}<br \/>\n\\]\n<p>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902, \\(q\\) = \u0939\u0940\u091f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938, \\(k\\) = \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e, \\(\\frac{dT}{dx}\\) = \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u0905\u0928\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0905\u0928\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f (Transient Measurement Method) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0924\u092c \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><o1><\/p>\n<li>\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b specific temperature gradient \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>Thermocouples \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<p><\/o1><\/p>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092e \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u0932\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0932\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f (Laser Flash Method) \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u092b \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 (laser pulses) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 sudden \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\u0932\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u092b \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<p>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\nk = \\frac{(d^2 \\cdot \\rho \\cdot c_p)}{3 \\cdot t_{1\/2}}<br \/>\n\\]\n<p>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902, \\(d\\) = \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908, \\(\\rho\\) = \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935, \\(c_p\\) = \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e, \\(t_{1\/2}\\) = \u0906\u0927\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/p>\n<p>\u0907\u0928 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930, \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0942 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 3 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902: \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f \u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u095b\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0949\u091f \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f, \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u095b\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0936 \u090f\u0928\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[127],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized 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