{"id":484119,"date":"2024-07-06T20:33:10","date_gmt":"2024-07-06T19:33:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%83%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%9c\/"},"modified":"2024-07-06T20:33:10","modified_gmt":"2024-07-06T19:33:10","slug":"%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%83%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/hi\/%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%83%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%9c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f: \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940: \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u0924\u0930\u0932_\u0938-\u0924-\u092a-\u0924_\u0938-\u092e\u0917-\u0930_\u0935-\u091c-\u091e-\u0928_\u0914\u0930_\u091c\u0932\u0930-\u0927\u0915_\u0924\u0915\u0928-\u0915.png\" alt=\"\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f: \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f: \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915<\/h2>\n<p>\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f (Liquid Saturation) \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947, \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0926 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<h2>\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/h2>\n<p>\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 (pores) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u092c \u092f\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u092c \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p>\\[ S = \\frac{V_r}{V_t} \\]\n<p>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>S<\/b> = \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0930 (Saturation ratio)<\/li>\n<li><b>V<sub>r<\/sub><\/b> = \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e (Volume of liquid in pores)<\/li>\n<li><b>V<sub>t<\/sub><\/b> = \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e (Total volume of pores)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u091c\u092c V<sub>r<\/sub> = V<sub>t<\/sub>, \u0924\u092c S = 1 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h2>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/h2>\n<p>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u0947\u092a\u0928 (Flexibility) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f: \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 (Transport Properties): \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 (Corrosion Resistance): \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u091c\u0932\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/h2>\n<p>\u091c\u0932\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092d\u0935\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0932\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h2>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/h2>\n<p>\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0915\u0930, \u0939\u092e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0908 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 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