{"id":490059,"date":"2024-07-06T22:13:23","date_gmt":"2024-07-06T21:13:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a3-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0\/"},"modified":"2024-07-06T22:13:23","modified_gmt":"2024-07-06T21:13:23","slug":"%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a3-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/hi\/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a3-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/p>\n

\"\u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/p>\n

\u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939<\/h2>\n

\u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 (microgravity) \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0924\u092c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0932 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0917\u0923\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940-\u092b\u093c\u0949\u0932 (free-fall) \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 (fluid flow) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 (transfer) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n

\u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/h2>\n

\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924: \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939:<\/b> \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924: \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n
  • \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/b> \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 (surface tension) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0932 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0932 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n
  • \u0915\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0932\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928:<\/b> \u0915\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0932\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 (capillary action) \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n
  • \u092c\u0941\u0932\u092c\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923:<\/b> \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u092c\u0941\u0932\u092c\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/h2>\n

    \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n

    \n\\(\n\\frac{\\partial}{\\partial t}(\\rho) + \\nabla \\cdot (\\rho \\mathbf{v}) = 0\n\\)\n\n\\(\n\\rho (\\frac{\\partial \\mathbf{v}}{\\partial t} + (\\mathbf{v} \\cdot \\nabla) \\mathbf{v}) = -\\nabla p + \\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{\\tau} + \\mathbf{f}\n\\)\n<\/pre>\n
    \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902:<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
  • \\(\\rho\\): \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/li>\n
  • \\(\\mathbf{v}\\): \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0947\u0917 \u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930<\/li>\n
  • t: \u0938\u092e\u092f<\/li>\n
  • p: \u0926\u093e\u092c<\/li>\n
  • \\(\\mathbf{\\tau}\\): \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u091f\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0930<\/li>\n
  • \\(\\mathbf{f}\\): \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u092c\u0932<\/li>\n
    <\/o1><\/p>\n
    \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/h2>\n
    \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0908 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
  • \u0930\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e:<\/b> \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n
  • \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940:<\/b> \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n
  • \u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923:<\/b> \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n
    <\/u1><\/p>\n
    \u0905\u0924\u0903, \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0916\u094b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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