{"id":494437,"date":"2024-07-06T23:27:33","date_gmt":"2024-07-06T22:27:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/%e0%a4%b9%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%9f-%e0%a4%8f%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%9a%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%ab%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%97-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be\/"},"modified":"2024-07-06T23:27:33","modified_gmt":"2024-07-06T22:27:33","slug":"%e0%a4%b9%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%9f-%e0%a4%8f%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%9a%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%ab%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%97-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/hi\/%e0%a4%b9%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%9f-%e0%a4%8f%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%9a%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%ab%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%97-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0939\u0940\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u0939\u0940\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u0939-\u091f_\u090f\u0915-\u0938\u091a-\u091c\u0930_\u092b-\u0909\u0932-\u0917_\u0915_\u092a\u0924_\u0932\u0917-\u0928.png\" alt=\"\u0939\u0940\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0939\u0940\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/h2>\n<p>\u0939\u0940\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0939\u0940\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0939\u0940\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u091a\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u092e\u093e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u092a\u0924 \u092c\u095d \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u092e \u0939\u0940\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<h2>\u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/b> \u092f\u0939 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u094b\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u0940\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><b>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/b> \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0939\u0940\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0925 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/b> \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u092e\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0916\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><b>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0941\u0932\u0947\u091f \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/b> \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940, \u0927\u0942\u0932, \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0915\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u092e\u093e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><b>\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u0949\u092a \u092e\u0949\u0928\u093f\u091f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/b> \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a, \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u0949\u092a \u092c\u095d \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u0949\u092a \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0949\u0928\u093f\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<p>\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u0949\u092a (\\(\\Delta P\\)) \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p>\\(\\Delta P = P_{in} &#8211; P_{out}\\)<\/p>\n<p>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \\(P_{in}\\) \u0907\u0928\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \\(P_{out}\\) \u0906\u0909\u091f\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<li><b>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u090f\u092b\u093f\u0938\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f \u092e\u0949\u0928\u093f\u091f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/b> \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a, \u0939\u0940\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u090f\u092b\u093f\u0938\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f (\\(U\\)) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/li>\n<p>\\(Q = U * A * \\Delta T\\)<\/p>\n<p>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \\(Q\\) \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \\(A\\) \u0939\u0940\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \\(\\Delta T\\) \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<li><b>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928:<\/b> \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 (\\(R_f\\)) \u092c\u095d \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<p>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p>\\(\\frac{1}{U_f} = \\frac{1}{U} + R_f\\)<\/p>\n<p>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \\(U_f\\) \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u090f\u092b\u093f\u0938\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \\(U\\) \u0905\u0928\u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u094b\u090f\u092b\u093f\u0938\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<li><b>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923:<\/b> \u0915\u092d\u0940-\u0915\u092d\u0940, \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092b\u093e\u0908 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/h2>\n<p>\u0939\u0940\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u091a\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092c\u095d\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0949\u0928\u093f\u091f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u0939\u092e \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0939\u0940\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[127],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0939\u0940\u091f 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