{"id":505744,"date":"2024-07-07T06:47:11","date_gmt":"2024-07-07T05:47:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9e%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b9-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be\/"},"modified":"2024-07-07T06:47:11","modified_gmt":"2024-07-07T05:47:11","slug":"%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9e%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b9-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/hi\/%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9e%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b9-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923, \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n

\"\u0924\u0930\u0932<\/p>\n

\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/h2>\n

\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 “Fluid Dynamics” \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0948\u0938\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u092e \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/h2>\n

\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • \u092c\u0930\u094d\u0928\u094c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 (Bernoulli’s Principle)<\/li>\n
  • \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 (Continuity Equation)<\/li>\n
  • \u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 (Venturi Meter)<\/li>\n
  • \u0913\u0930\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 (Orifice Plates)<\/li>\n
  • \u092a\u093f\u090f\u091c\u093c\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 (Piezometer)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u092c\u0930\u094d\u0928\u094c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/h3>\n

    \u092c\u0930\u094d\u0928\u094c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0926\u093e\u092c (Pressure), \u0935\u0947\u0917 (Velocity), \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 (Height) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0932\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n

    \n\\[
    \nP + \\frac{1}{2} \\rho v^2 + \\rho gh = \\text{constant}
    \n\\]\n<\/p>\n

    \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • P = \u0926\u093e\u092c (Pressure)<\/li>\n
  • \u03c1 = \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Density)<\/li>\n
  • v = \u0935\u0947\u0917 (Velocity)<\/li>\n
  • g = \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Gravitational constant)<\/li>\n
  • h = \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 (Height)<\/li>\n

    <\/o1><\/p>\n

    \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/h3>\n

    \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n

    \n\\[
    \nA_1 v_1 = A_2 v_2
    \n\\]\n<\/p>\n

    \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • A1<\/sub>, A2<\/sub> = \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u090f\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e (Cross-sectional area)<\/li>\n
  • v1<\/sub>, v2<\/sub> = \u0935\u0947\u0917 (Velocity)<\/li>\n

    <\/o1><\/p>\n

    \u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930<\/h3>\n

    \u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u0928\u094c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0918\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u0917 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n

    \u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0926\u093e\u092c \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 (Pressure difference) \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0930 (Flow rate) \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n

    \n\\[
    \nQ = A \\sqrt{\\frac{2 \\Delta P}{\\rho (1 – \\beta^4)}}
    \n\\]\n<\/p>\n

    \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Q = \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0930 (Flow rate)<\/li>\n
  • A = \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u090f\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e (Cross-sectional area)<\/li>\n
  • \u2206P = \u0926\u093e\u092c \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 (Pressure difference)<\/li>\n
  • \u03c1 = \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Density)<\/li>\n
  • \u03b2 = \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 (Diameter ratio)<\/li>\n

    <\/o1><\/p>\n

    \u0913\u0930\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938<\/h3>\n

    \u0913\u0930\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093e\u0932 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u092c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n

    \u092a\u093f\u090f\u091c\u093c\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930<\/h3>\n

    \u092a\u093f\u090f\u091c\u093c\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n

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