{"id":47080,"date":"2019-11-03T04:37:28","date_gmt":"2019-11-03T03:37:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/o-que-e-armazenamento-de-energia-termica-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-01-22T13:55:08","modified_gmt":"2020-01-22T12:55:08","slug":"o-que-e-armazenamento-de-energia-termica-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-armazenamento-de-energia-termica-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">O armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica \u00e9 um componente essencial de uma usina para melhorar sua indisponibilidade.\u00a0O armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica (TES) \u00e9 alcan\u00e7ado com tecnologias amplamente diferentes.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/microscopic-energy-internal-energy.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-16656 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/microscopic-energy-internal-energy-300x196.png\" alt=\"Energia microsc\u00f3pica - energia interna\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/microscopic-energy-internal-energy-300x196.png\" \/><\/a>Na\u00a0<a title=\"Termodin\u00e2mica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/\">termodin\u00e2mica<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<strong>energia interna<\/strong>\u00a0(tamb\u00e9m chamada\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-energia-interna-energia-termica-definicao\/\"><strong>de energia t\u00e9rmica<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0) \u00e9 definida como a energia associada a\u00a0<strong>formas microsc\u00f3picas de energia<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0\u00c9 uma\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/extensive-and-intensive-properties\/\">quantidade extensa<\/a>\u00a0, depende do tamanho do sistema ou da quantidade de subst\u00e2ncia que ele cont\u00e9m.\u00a0A unidade SI de\u00a0<strong>energia interna<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 o\u00a0<a title=\"Joule (unidade J) - Unidade de Energia\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/joule-unit-j-energy-unit\/\"><strong>joule (J)<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0\u00c9 a energia contida no sistema, excluindo a energia cin\u00e9tica do movimento do sistema como um todo e a energia potencial do sistema.\u00a0<strong>As formas microsc\u00f3picas de energia<\/strong>\u00a0incluem aquelas devidas \u00e0\u00a0<strong>rota\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0,\u00a0<strong>vibra\u00e7\u00e3o, transla\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0e\u00a0<strong>intera\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong>entre as mol\u00e9culas de uma subst\u00e2ncia.\u00a0Nenhuma dessas formas de energia pode ser medida ou avaliada diretamente, mas t\u00e9cnicas foram desenvolvidas para avaliar a mudan\u00e7a na soma total de todas essas formas microsc\u00f3picas de energia.<\/p>\n<p>Al\u00e9m disso, a energia \u00e9 armazenada nas liga\u00e7\u00f5es qu\u00edmicas entre os \u00e1tomos que comp\u00f5em as mol\u00e9culas.\u00a0Esse\u00a0<strong>armazenamento de energia<\/strong>\u00a0no n\u00edvel at\u00f4mico inclui energia associada a estados orbitais de el\u00e9trons, rota\u00e7\u00e3o nuclear e for\u00e7as de liga\u00e7\u00e3o no n\u00facleo.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_21117\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21117\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Thermal-Energy-Storage-Solar-Power.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-21117 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Thermal-Energy-Storage-Solar-Power-300x187.jpg\" alt=\"Usina Solar PS10 na Espanha. Fonte: wikipedia.org Licen\u00e7a: CC BY 2.0\" width=\"300\" height=\"187\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Thermal-Energy-Storage-Solar-Power-300x187.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21117\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Usina Solar PS10 na Espanha.\u00a0Fonte: wikipedia.org Licen\u00e7a: CC BY 2.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>A energia t\u00e9rmica<\/strong>\u00a0tamb\u00e9m pode ser armazenada de maneira muito eficaz.\u00a0Atualmente, a situa\u00e7\u00e3o nos mercados de energia \u00e9 diferente.\u00a0O aumento dos pre\u00e7os das fontes convencionais de energia e a conscientiza\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental levaram a aumentar o uso de energias renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be a efici\u00eancia energ\u00e9tica.\u00a0<strong>O armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 um componente essencial de uma usina para melhorar sua indisponibilidade, especialmente para concentrar usinas de energia solar (CSP).\u00a0<strong>O armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica (TES)<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 alcan\u00e7ado com tecnologias amplamente diferentes.\u00a0Existem tr\u00eas m\u00e9todos utilizados e ainda sendo investigados para armazenar energia t\u00e9rmica.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Armazenamento de calor sens\u00edvel - SHS\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/heat-transfer\/thermal-energy-storage\/sensible-heat-storage-shs\/\"><strong>Armazenamento de calor sens\u00edvel (SHS)<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Armazenamento de calor latente - LHS\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/heat-transfer\/thermal-energy-storage\/latent-heat-storage-lhs\/\"><strong>Armazenamento de calor latente (LHS)<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Armazenamento termoqu\u00edmico\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/heat-transfer\/thermal-energy-storage\/thermo-chemical-storage\/\"><strong>Armazenamento termoqu\u00edmico<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span>Armazenamento de calor sens\u00edvel (SHS)<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>A maneira mais direta \u00e9 o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>armazenamento de calor sens\u00edvel<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>O armazenamento de calor sens\u00edvel<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0baseia-se em elevar a\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"O que \u00e9 temperatura - F\u00edsica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-temperatura-fisica-definicao\/\"><span>temperatura<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0de um l\u00edquido ou s\u00f3lido para armazenar\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Calor na Termodin\u00e2mica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-calor-na-fisica-calor-definicao\/\"><span>calor<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0e liber\u00e1-lo com a diminui\u00e7\u00e3o da temperatura quando necess\u00e1rio.\u00a0Os volumes necess\u00e1rios para armazenar energia na escala que o mundo precisa s\u00e3o extremamente grandes.\u00a0Os materiais utilizados no\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>armazenamento sens\u00edvel ao calor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0devem ter alta\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Capacidade t\u00e9rmica - Capacidade t\u00e9rmica espec\u00edfica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/laws-of-thermodynamics\/first-law-of-thermodynamics\/heat-capacity\/\"><span>capacidade de aquecimento<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0e tamb\u00e9m alto ponto de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o ou fus\u00e3o.\u00a0Embora este m\u00e9todo de armazenamento de calor seja atualmente menos eficiente para armazenamento de calor, \u00e9 menos complicado em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com o calor latente ou qu\u00edmico e \u00e9 barato.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Do ponto de vista termodin\u00e2mico, o armazenamento de calor sens\u00edvel \u00e9 baseado no aumento da\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"O que \u00e9 entalpia\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/what-is-enthalpy\/\"><span>entalpia<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0do material na loja, seja um l\u00edquido ou um s\u00f3lido na maioria dos casos.\u00a0O efeito sens\u00edvel \u00e9 uma mudan\u00e7a de temperatura.\u00a0O calor armazenado pode ser obtido pela equa\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/sensible-heat-storage-equation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-21114 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/sensible-heat-storage-equation.png\" alt=\"armazenamento de calor sens\u00edvel - equa\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"253\" height=\"203\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/sensible-heat-storage-equation.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Capacidade de calor<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/specific-heat-capacities-substances.png?6dcd30\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-16879 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/specific-heat-capacities-substances.png?6dcd30\" alt=\"Tabela de capacidades de calor espec\u00edficas\" width=\"301\" height=\"454\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/specific-heat-capacities-substances.png?6dcd30\" \/><\/a><span>Diferentes subst\u00e2ncias<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0s\u00e3o afetadas em\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>diferentes magnitudes<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0pela\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>adi\u00e7\u00e3o de calor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Quando uma determinada quantidade de calor \u00e9 adicionada a diferentes subst\u00e2ncias, suas temperaturas aumentam em diferentes quantidades.\u00a0Essa\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>constante de proporcionalidade\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0entre o\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>calor Q<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0que o objeto absorve ou perde e a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>mudan\u00e7a de temperatura<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0resultante\u00a0\u00a0<strong>T<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0do objeto \u00e9 conhecida como\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>capacidade de calor C<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0de um objeto.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span>C = Q \/ \u0394T<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>A capacidade de calor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00e9 uma\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Propriedades extensivas e intensivas\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/extensive-and-intensive-properties\/\"><span>propriedade extensiva<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0da mat\u00e9ria, o que significa que \u00e9 proporcional ao tamanho do sistema.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>A capacidade t\u00e9rmica C<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0tem a unidade de energia por grau ou energia por kelvin.\u00a0Ao expressar o mesmo fen\u00f4meno que uma\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Propriedades extensivas e intensivas\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/extensive-and-intensive-properties\/\"><span>\u00a0propriedade intensiva<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, a\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>capacidade de calor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00e9 dividida pela quantidade de subst\u00e2ncia, massa ou volume, portanto, a quantidade \u00e9 independente do tamanho ou extens\u00e3o da amostra.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Armazenamento de calor latente (LHS)<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Uma abordagem comum ao\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 usar materiais conhecidos como\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>materiais de mudan\u00e7a de fase<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(PCMs).\u00a0Esses materiais armazenam calor quando sofrem uma\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>mudan\u00e7a de fase<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, por exemplo, de s\u00f3lido para l\u00edquido, de l\u00edquido para g\u00e1s ou de s\u00f3lido para s\u00f3lido (mudan\u00e7a de uma forma cristalina para outra sem mudan\u00e7a de fase f\u00edsica).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>A mudan\u00e7a de fase \u201c\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>s\u00f3lido para l\u00edquido<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u201d \u00e9 a mais utilizada, mas tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 interessante a mudan\u00e7a de s\u00f3lido para s\u00f3lido.\u00a0Esses materiais podem ser usados \u200b\u200bcomo uma maneira eficaz de armazenar\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-energia-interna-energia-termica-definicao\/\"><span>energia t\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0(energia solar, eletricidade fora de pico, calor residual industrial).\u00a0Em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com os sistemas de armazenamento de calor sens\u00edvel, o armazenamento de calor latente tem as vantagens de alta densidade de armazenamento (devido ao alto\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>calor latente de fus\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0) e a natureza isot\u00e9rmica do processo de armazenamento.\u00a0O calor da fus\u00e3o ou o calor da evapora\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 muito maior que a capacidade espec\u00edfica de calor.\u00a0A compara\u00e7\u00e3o entre armazenamento de calor latente e armazenamento de calor sens\u00edvel mostra que, no armazenamento de calor latente, as densidades de armazenamento s\u00e3o tipicamente 5 a 10 vezes mais altas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Em geral, os\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>efeitos do calor latente<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0associados \u00e0 mudan\u00e7a de fase s\u00e3o significativos.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/what-is-enthalpy\/enthalpy-of-vaporization\/\"><strong><span>O calor latente<\/span><\/strong><\/a><strong><span>\u00a0,<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0conhecido tamb\u00e9m como\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Entalpia de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/what-is-enthalpy\/enthalpy-of-vaporization\/\"><span>entalpia de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0(mudan\u00e7a de fase de l\u00edquido para vapor) ou entalpia de fus\u00e3o (mudan\u00e7a de fase de s\u00f3lido para l\u00edquido), \u00e9 a quantidade de calor adicionada ou removida de uma subst\u00e2ncia para produzir uma altera\u00e7\u00e3o na Est\u00e1gio.\u00a0Essa energia decomp\u00f5e as for\u00e7as atraentes intermoleculares e tamb\u00e9m deve fornecer a energia necess\u00e1ria para expandir a subst\u00e2ncia (o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>trabalho p\u0394V<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0).\u00a0Quando o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>calor latente<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 adicionado, nenhuma mudan\u00e7a de temperatura ocorre.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Material de mudan\u00e7a de fase<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><span>Os materiais de mudan\u00e7a de fase (PCM)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0s\u00e3o materiais de armazenamento de calor latentes.\u00a0\u00c9 poss\u00edvel encontrar materiais com um calor latente de fus\u00e3o e temperatura de fus\u00e3o dentro da faixa desejada.\u00a0O PCM a ser usado no projeto de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>sistemas de armazenamento t\u00e9rmico<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0deve obter propriedades termof\u00edsicas, cin\u00e9ticas e qu\u00edmicas desej\u00e1veis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Propriedades termo-f\u00edsicas<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Temperatura de transi\u00e7\u00e3o de fase adequada para a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o espec\u00edfica.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Alto calor latente de transi\u00e7\u00e3o de fase para ocupar o volume m\u00ednimo poss\u00edvel.\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Temperatura de fus\u00e3o na faixa de temperatura operacional desejada.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Calor espec\u00edfico alto para fornecer armazenamento de calor sens\u00edvel significativo adicional.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Alta condutividade t\u00e9rmica, a fim de minimizar o gradiente de temperatura e auxiliar no carregamento e descarregamento de energia dos sistemas de armazenamento.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Pequenas altera\u00e7\u00f5es de volume na transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de fase e pequena press\u00e3o de vapor em temperaturas operacionais para reduzir o problema de conten\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span>Propriedades cin\u00e9ticas<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Alta taxa de nuclea\u00e7\u00e3o para evitar super-resfriamento da fase l\u00edquida.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Alta taxa de crescimento de cristais, para que o sistema possa atender \u00e0s demandas de recupera\u00e7\u00e3o de calor do sistema de armazenamento.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span>Propriedades quimicas<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Materiais n\u00e3o t\u00f3xicos, n\u00e3o inflam\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be n\u00e3o explosivos por raz\u00f5es de seguran\u00e7a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Estabilidade qu\u00edmica a longo prazo e ciclo completo de fus\u00e3o \/ congelamento revers\u00edvel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Sem degrada\u00e7\u00e3o ap\u00f3s um grande n\u00famero de ciclos de congelamento \/ fus\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Baixa corrosividade<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Finalmente, o material deve ser abundante, dispon\u00edvel e barato para ajudar na viabilidade do uso do sistema de armazenamento.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>H\u00e1 um grande n\u00famero de PCMs, eles podem ser divididos em tr\u00eas grupos:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>PCMs org\u00e2nicos<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>PCMs inorg\u00e2nicos<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>PCMs eut\u00e9ticos<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Como exemplo, o armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica pode ser usado na concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de centrais solares (CSP), em que a principal vantagem \u00e9 a capacidade de armazenar energia com efici\u00eancia, permitindo o envio de eletricidade por um per\u00edodo de at\u00e9 24 horas.\u00a0Em uma planta de CSP que inclui armazenamento, a energia solar \u00e9 usada primeiro para aquecer o sal fundido ou o \u00f3leo sint\u00e9tico para armazenar energia t\u00e9rmica em alta temperatura em tanques isolados.\u00a0Mais tarde, o sal fundido a quente \u00e9 usado na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de vapor para gerar eletricidade pelo turbo gerador a vapor, conforme a necessidade.\u00a0O uso de calor latente e calor sens\u00edvel na concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de usinas de energia solar \u00e9 poss\u00edvel com a entrada t\u00e9rmica solar de alta temperatura.\u00a0V\u00e1rias misturas eut\u00e9ticas de metais, como alum\u00ednio e sil\u00edcio (AlSi12), oferecem um alto ponto de fus\u00e3o (577 \u00b0 C) adequado para a gera\u00e7\u00e3o eficiente de vapor,<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Armazenamento termoqu\u00edmico<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Uma das tr\u00eas\u00a0<\/span><span>abordagens\u00a0<\/span><span>poss\u00edveis\u00a0para\u00a0<strong>o armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 usar\u00a0<strong>rea\u00e7\u00f5es termoqu\u00edmicas<\/strong>\u00a0revers\u00edveis\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><span>A vantagem mais importante do\u00a0<\/span><span>m\u00e9todo de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>armazenamento termoqu\u00edmico\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00e9 que a\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Entalpia de rea\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/what-is-enthalpy\/enthalpy-of-chemical-reaction\/\"><span>entalpia da rea\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00e9 consideravelmente maior que o calor espec\u00edfico ou o calor da fus\u00e3o.\u00a0Portanto, a densidade de armazenamento \u00e9 muito melhor.\u00a0<\/span><b><span>Nas rea\u00e7\u00f5es qu\u00edmicas\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span>, a energia \u00e9 armazenada nas\u00a0<\/span><b><span>liga\u00e7\u00f5es qu\u00edmicas\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span>entre os \u00e1tomos que comp\u00f5em as mol\u00e9culas.\u00a0<\/span><b><span>Armazenamento de energia<\/span><\/b><span>no n\u00edvel at\u00f4mico inclui energia associada aos estados orbitais dos el\u00e9trons.\u00a0Se uma rea\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica absorve ou libera energia, n\u00e3o h\u00e1 mudan\u00e7a geral na quantidade de energia durante a rea\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Isso \u00e9 devido \u00e0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/laws-of-conservation\/law-of-conservation-of-energy\/\"><b><span>lei de conserva\u00e7\u00e3o de energia<\/span><\/b><\/a><span>\u00a0, que afirma que:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i><span>A energia n\u00e3o pode ser criada ou destru\u00edda\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/b><i><span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><b><i><span>A energia pode mudar de forma durante uma rea\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/b><i><span>.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span>Um exemplo de um sistema experimental de armazenamento baseado em energia de rea\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica \u00e9 a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>tecnologia de hidrato de sal<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0O sistema \u00e9 especialmente vantajoso para\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>o armazenamento<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0sazonal\u00a0<strong>de energia t\u00e9rmica<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0O sistema utiliza a energia de rea\u00e7\u00e3o criada quando os sais s\u00e3o hidratados ou desidratados.\u00a0Ele funciona armazenando calor em um recipiente contendo solu\u00e7\u00e3o de hidr\u00f3xido de s\u00f3dio a 50% (NaOH).\u00a0O calor (por exemplo, usando um coletor solar) \u00e9 armazenado pela evapora\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00e1gua em uma rea\u00e7\u00e3o endot\u00e9rmica.\u00a0Quando a \u00e1gua \u00e9 adicionada novamente, o calor \u00e9 liberado em uma rea\u00e7\u00e3o exot\u00e9rmica a 50 \u00b0 C.\u00a0Os sistemas atuais operam com 60% de efici\u00eancia.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica \u00e9 um componente essencial de uma usina para melhorar sua indisponibilidade.\u00a0O armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica (TES) \u00e9 alcan\u00e7ado com tecnologias amplamente diferentes.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica Armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica Na\u00a0termodin\u00e2mica\u00a0,\u00a0energia interna\u00a0(tamb\u00e9m chamada\u00a0de energia t\u00e9rmica\u00a0) \u00e9 definida como a energia associada a\u00a0formas microsc\u00f3picas de energia\u00a0.\u00a0\u00c9 uma\u00a0quantidade extensa\u00a0, depende do tamanho do sistema ou &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-armazenamento-de-energia-termica-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica \u00e9 um componente essencial de uma usina para melhorar sua indisponibilidade. O armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica (TES) \u00e9 obtido com tecnologias amplamente diferentes. Engenharia T\u00e9rmica\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-armazenamento-de-energia-termica-definicao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O que \u00e9 armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"O armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica \u00e9 um componente essencial de uma usina para melhorar sua indisponibilidade. O armazenamento de energia t\u00e9rmica (TES) \u00e9 obtido com tecnologias amplamente diferentes. Engenharia T\u00e9rmica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-armazenamento-de-energia-termica-definicao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Thermal Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-03T03:37:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-01-22T12:55:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/microscopic-energy-internal-energy-300x196.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nick Connor\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutos\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Thermal Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-armazenamento-de-energia-termica-definicao\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/microscopic-energy-internal-energy-300x196.png\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-armazenamento-de-energia-termica-definicao\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-armazenamento-de-energia-termica-definicao\/\",\"name\":\"O que \\u00e9 armazenamento de energia t\\u00e9rmica - Defini\\u00e7\\u00e3o\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-armazenamento-de-energia-termica-definicao\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-11-03T03:37:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-01-22T12:55:08+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\"},\"description\":\"O armazenamento de energia t\\u00e9rmica \\u00e9 um componente essencial de uma usina para melhorar sua indisponibilidade. O armazenamento de energia t\\u00e9rmica (TES) \\u00e9 obtido com tecnologias amplamente diferentes. Engenharia T\\u00e9rmica\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-armazenamento-de-energia-termica-definicao\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\",\"name\":\"Nick Connor\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/84c0dec310b44b65da29dc9df6925239?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Nick Connor\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47080"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47080"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47080\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}