{"id":47324,"date":"2019-11-04T01:08:46","date_gmt":"2019-11-04T00:08:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/o-que-e-agua-fervente-como-ferver-agua-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-01-23T10:46:19","modified_gmt":"2020-01-23T09:46:19","slug":"o-que-e-agua-fervente-como-ferver-agua-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-agua-fervente-como-ferver-agua-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 \u00e1gua fervente &#8211; Como ferver \u00e1gua &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">\u00c1gua fervente &#8211; Como ferver \u00e1gua.\u00a0A \u00e1gua tem entalpia muito alta de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0A mudan\u00e7a do estado l\u00edquido para o vapor devido \u00e0 ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 sustentada pela transfer\u00eancia de calor da superf\u00edcie s\u00f3lida.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>\u00c1gua fervente<\/h2>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/properties-of-water-min.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-16057 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/properties-of-water-min-166x300.jpg\" alt=\"propriedades da \u00e1gua\" width=\"166\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/properties-of-water-min-166x300.jpg\" \/><\/a><a title=\"Propriedades da \u00c1gua\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-of-water\/\">A \u00e1gua<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00e9 uma subst\u00e2ncia transparente e quase incolor composta pelos elementos qu\u00edmicos\u00a0<strong>\u00a0hidrog\u00eanio<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0e<strong>\u00a0\u00a0oxig\u00eanio<\/strong>\u00a0, que s\u00e3o conectados por\u00a0<strong>\u00a0liga\u00e7\u00f5es covalentes<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Na Terra, a \u00e1gua existe nos<strong>\u00a0estados<\/strong>\u00a0gasoso (<strong>\u00a0vapor<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0ou\u00a0<strong>\u00a0vapor d&#8217;\u00e1gua<\/strong>\u00a0),\u00a0<strong>\u00a0l\u00edquido<\/strong>\u00a0e\u00a0<strong>\u00a0s\u00f3lido<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0(gelo).\u00a0\u00c9 um dos compostos mais abundantes e essenciais e \u00e9 o principal constituinte dos c\u00f3rregos, lagos e oceanos da Terra e os fluidos da maioria dos organismos vivos.\u00a0\u00c9 vital para todas as formas de vida conhecidas.<\/p>\n<p>Al\u00e9m de essencial \u00e0 vida, a \u00e1gua \u00e9 uma subst\u00e2ncia not\u00e1vel com muitas propriedades surpreendentes.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c9 o\u00a0\u00a0<strong>\u00fanico composto qu\u00edmico<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0que ocorre\u00a0\u00a0<strong>naturalmente em todos os tr\u00eas estados f\u00edsicos<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<strong>estados<\/strong>\u00a0gasoso (vapor ou vapor de \u00e1gua), l\u00edquido e s\u00f3lido (gelo).<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9 o\u00a0\u00a0<strong>\u00fanico l\u00edquido inorg\u00e2nico<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0que ocorre naturalmente na Terra.<\/li>\n<li>A \u00e1gua tamb\u00e9m difere da maioria dos l\u00edquidos, pois se torna\u00a0\u00a0<strong>menos densa \u00e0 medida que congela<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Tem uma densidade m\u00e1xima de 3,98 \u00b0 C (1000 kg \/ m\u00a0<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0), enquanto a densidade do gelo \u00e9 de 917 kg \/ m\u00a0<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0.\u00a0Difere em cerca de 9% e, portanto, o\u00a0<strong>\u00a0gelo flutua<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0na \u00e1gua l\u00edquida<\/li>\n<li><strong>A \u00e1gua<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0tem o\u00a0\u00a0<strong>calor espec\u00edfico mais alto<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0de qualquer subst\u00e2ncia comum &#8211; 4,19 kJ \/ kg K.<\/li>\n<li>Possui um calor de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o muito alto, o que o torna um\u00a0\u00a0<strong>fluido de arrefecimento eficaz<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0e\u00a0\u00a0<strong>m\u00e9dio<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0em usinas termel\u00e9tricas e outras ind\u00fastrias de energia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_14172\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14172\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Boiling-point-of-water.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-14172 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Boiling-point-of-water-300x255.png\" alt=\"Diagrama de fases da \u00e1gua\" width=\"300\" height=\"255\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Boiling-point-of-water-300x255.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14172\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diagrama de fases da \u00e1gua.<br \/>\nFonte: wikipedia.org CC BY-SA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Nos cap\u00edtulos anteriores, discutimos\u00a0<a title=\"Convec\u00e7\u00e3o - Transfer\u00eancia de calor por convec\u00e7\u00e3o\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-conveccao-transferencia-de-calor-por-conveccao-definicao\/\"><strong>a transfer\u00eancia de calor por convec\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0com suposi\u00e7\u00e3o muito importante.\u00a0Assumimos uma\u00a0<strong>transfer\u00eancia de calor por convec\u00e7\u00e3o monof\u00e1sica<\/strong>\u00a0sem nenhuma mudan\u00e7a de fase.\u00a0Neste cap\u00edtulo, focaremos na transfer\u00eancia de calor por convec\u00e7\u00e3o associada \u00e0\u00a0<strong>mudan\u00e7a na fase de um fluido<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Em particular, consideramos processos que podem ocorrer em uma interface s\u00f3lido-l\u00edquido ou vapor s\u00f3lido, ou seja,\u00a0<strong>ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0(mudan\u00e7a de fase de l\u00edquido para vapor) e\u00a0<strong>condensa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0(\u00a0mudan\u00e7a de fase de\u00a0vapor para l\u00edquido).<\/p>\n<p>Para esses casos, os <strong>efeitos do calor latente<\/strong>\u00a0associados \u00e0 mudan\u00e7a de fase s\u00e3o significativos.\u00a0<strong><a title=\"Entalpia de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/what-is-enthalpy\/enthalpy-of-vaporization\/\">O calor latente<\/a>\u00a0,<\/strong>\u00a0conhecido tamb\u00e9m como entalpia da vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o, \u00e9 a quantidade de calor adicionada ou removida de uma subst\u00e2ncia para produzir uma mudan\u00e7a de fase.\u00a0Essa energia decomp\u00f5e as for\u00e7as atraentes intermoleculares e tamb\u00e9m deve fornecer a energia necess\u00e1ria para expandir o g\u00e1s (o\u00a0<strong>trabalho p\u0394V<\/strong>\u00a0).\u00a0Quando o\u00a0<strong>calor latente<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 adicionado, nenhuma mudan\u00e7a de temperatura ocorre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_16677\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16677\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Specific-Enthalpy-Water-and-Steam-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16677 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Specific-Enthalpy-Water-and-Steam-min-242x300.png\" alt=\"Calor latente de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o - \u00e1gua a 0,1 MPa, 3 MPa, 16 MPa\" width=\"242\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Specific-Enthalpy-Water-and-Steam-min-242x300.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16677\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>O calor da vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o diminui com o aumento da press\u00e3o, enquanto o ponto de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o aumenta.\u00a0Ele desaparece completamente em um determinado ponto chamado ponto cr\u00edtico.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span>A\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>entalpia da vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o da press\u00e3o na qual essa transforma\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Calor latente de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; \u00e1gua a 0,1 MPa (press\u00e3o atmosf\u00e9rica)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>h\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>lg<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0= 2257 kJ \/ kg<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Calor latente de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; \u00e1gua a 3 MPa<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>h\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>lg<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0= 1795 kJ \/ kg<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Calor latente de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; \u00e1gua a 16 MPa (press\u00e3o dentro de um\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/pressurizer\/\"><span>pressurizador<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>h\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>lg<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0= 931 kJ \/ kg<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>O\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>calor da vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0diminui com o aumento da press\u00e3o, enquanto o\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-saturacao-ponto-de-ebulicao-definicao\/\"><span>ponto de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0aumenta.\u00a0Ele desaparece completamente em um determinado ponto chamado\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-of-water\/critical-point-of-water\/\"><span>ponto cr\u00edtico<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Acima do ponto cr\u00edtico, as fases l\u00edquida e de vapor s\u00e3o indistingu\u00edveis, e a subst\u00e2ncia \u00e9 chamada de\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-steam-what-is-steam\/supercritical-fluid-supercritical-water\/\"><span>fluido supercr\u00edtico<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-16094 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Supercritical-phase-critical-point-min-300x256.png\" alt=\"supercritical-phase-critical-point-min\" width=\"300\" height=\"256\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Supercritical-phase-critical-point-min-300x256.png\" \/><span>A mudan\u00e7a do estado l\u00edquido para o vapor devido \u00e0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 sustentada pela transfer\u00eancia de calor da superf\u00edcie s\u00f3lida;\u00a0por outro lado, a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>condensa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de um vapor no estado l\u00edquido resulta na transfer\u00eancia de calor para a superf\u00edcie s\u00f3lida.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>A ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o e a condensa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0diferem de outras formas de convec\u00e7\u00e3o, pois dependem do\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>calor latente de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, que \u00e9\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>muito alto<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0para\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"O que \u00e9 press\u00e3o - F\u00edsica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-pressure-physics\/\"><span>press\u00f5es<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0comuns\u00a0; portanto, grandes quantidades de calor podem ser transferidas durante a ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o e a condensa\u00e7\u00e3o, essencialmente a temperatura constante.\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Coeficiente de transfer\u00eancia de calor por convec\u00e7\u00e3o\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-coeficiente-de-transferencia-de-calor-por-conveccao-definicao\/\"><span>Os coeficientes de transfer\u00eancia de calor<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, h, associados \u00e0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o e condensa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0s\u00e3o tipicamente\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>muito mais altos<\/span><\/strong><span>do que os encontrados em outras formas de processos de convec\u00e7\u00e3o que envolvem uma \u00fanica fase.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Isso ocorre porque, mesmo em\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Fluxo turbulento\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-fluxo-turbulento-definicao\/\"><span>fluxo turbulento<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, existe uma camada de filme fluido estagnada (subcamada laminar), que isola a superf\u00edcie do trocador de calor.\u00a0Essa\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>camada de filme fluido estagnado<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0desempenha papel crucial para o coeficiente de transfer\u00eancia de calor por convec\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Observa-se que o fluido para\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>completamente na superf\u00edcie<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0e assume velocidade zero em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 superf\u00edcie.\u00a0Esse fen\u00f4meno \u00e9 conhecido como condi\u00e7\u00e3o antiderrapante e, portanto,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>na superf\u00edcie,<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0o fluxo de energia ocorre\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>puramente por condu\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span>Por\u00e9m, nas pr\u00f3ximas camadas, ocorrem movimentos de condu\u00e7\u00e3o e difus\u00e3o-massa no n\u00edvel molecular ou no n\u00edvel macrosc\u00f3pico.\u00a0Devido ao movimento de massa, a taxa de transfer\u00eancia de energia \u00e9 maior.\u00a0Como foi escrito,<\/span><strong><span>a ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o de nucleados<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0na superf\u00edcie interrompe efetivamente essa camada estagnada e, portanto, a ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o de nucleados aumenta significativamente a capacidade de uma superf\u00edcie de transferir\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/internal-energy-thermal-energy\/\"><span>energia t\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0para o fluido a granel.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span>Modos de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Tipos de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Pool-Boiling-Boiling-Modes.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-20783 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Pool-Boiling-Boiling-Modes-300x276.png\" alt=\"Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o da piscina - modos de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"250\" height=\"230\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Pool-Boiling-Boiling-Modes-300x276.png\" \/><\/a><span>Do ponto de vista pr\u00e1tico da engenharia, a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0pode ser categorizada de acordo com\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>v\u00e1rios crit\u00e9rios<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Categoriza\u00e7\u00e3o pelo regime de fluxo:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o da piscina<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Talvez a configura\u00e7\u00e3o mais comum, conhecida como\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o da piscina,<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0seja quando uma piscina de l\u00edquido \u00e9 aquecida por baixo atrav\u00e9s de uma superf\u00edcie horizontal.\u00a0Na fervura da piscina, o l\u00edquido \u00e9 quieto e seu movimento perto da superf\u00edcie \u00e9 principalmente devido \u00e0\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Convec\u00e7\u00e3o Natural - Convec\u00e7\u00e3o Livre\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-conveccao-natural-definicao\/\"><span>convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0e \u00e0 mistura induzida pelo crescimento e desapego da bolha.\u00a0O trabalho pioneiro em ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o da piscina foi realizado em 1934 por\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>S. Nukiyama.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span>Ele foi o primeiro a identificar quatro\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>regimes diferentes e<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0bem conhecidos\u00a0\u00a0<strong>de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o da piscina<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0usando seu aparelho.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Flow-Boiling-Boiling-Modes.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-20784 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Flow-Boiling-Boiling-Modes-117x300.png\" alt=\"Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o do fluxo - modos de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"59\" height=\"150\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Flow-Boiling-Boiling-Modes-117x300.png\" \/><\/a><span>Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o do fluxo.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span>Na\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>fervura de fluxo<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(ou fervura de convec\u00e7\u00e3o for\u00e7ada), o fluxo de fluido \u00e9 for\u00e7ado sobre uma superf\u00edcie por meios externos, como uma\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>bomba<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, bem como por efeitos de flutuabilidade.\u00a0Portanto, a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o do fluxo<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 sempre acompanhada por outros efeitos de convec\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0As condi\u00e7\u00f5es dependem fortemente da geometria, que pode envolver fluxo externo sobre placas e cilindros aquecidos ou fluxo interno (duto).\u00a0Nos\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>reatores nucleares<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, a maioria dos regimes de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas fervura de convec\u00e7\u00e3o for\u00e7ada.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span>Categoriza\u00e7\u00e3o pela temperatura de superaquecimento da parede, \u0394T\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>sat<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Boiling-Curve-Boiling-Modes.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-20779 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Boiling-Curve-Boiling-Modes-208x300.png\" alt=\"Curva de Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o - Modos de Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"208\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Boiling-Curve-Boiling-Modes-208x300.png\" \/><\/a><span>O trabalho pioneiro sobre a ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o foi realizado em 1934 por\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>S. Nukiyama<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, que usou fios de\u00a0<strong>nicrromo<\/strong>\u00a0e platina aquecidos eletricamente imersos em l\u00edquidos em seus experimentos.\u00a0Nukiyama foi o primeiro a identificar\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>diferentes regimes de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o da piscina<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0usando seu aparelho.\u00a0Ele notou que a ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o assume formas diferentes, dependendo do valor da temperatura de superaquecimento da parede\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u0394T\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>sat<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0(tamb\u00e9m conhecida como temperatura excessiva)\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>,<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0que \u00e9 definida como a diferen\u00e7a entre a temperatura da parede,\u00a0<strong><sub>parede<\/sub><\/strong><\/span><strong><span>\u00a0T<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0e a temperatura de satura\u00e7\u00e3o,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>T\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>sat<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Quatro regimes de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o diferentes da ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o da piscina (com base no excesso de temperatura) s\u00e3o observados:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o por Convec\u00e7\u00e3o Natural\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<strong><span>\u0394T\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>sentado<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0&lt;5 \u00b0 C<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o do Nucleado<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a05 \u00b0 C &lt;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u0394T\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>sentado<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0&lt;30 \u00b0 C<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o de transi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a030 \u00b0 C &lt;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u0394T\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>sentado<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0&lt;200 \u00b0 C<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o de filme<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 200 \u00b0 C &lt;\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u0394T\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>sentado<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Descri\u00e7\u00e3o dos\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>modos<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de\u00a0<strong>ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Natural-Convection-Boiling-Boiling-Modes.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-20781 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Natural-Convection-Boiling-Boiling-Modes-300x235.png\" alt=\"Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o por convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural\" width=\"200\" height=\"155\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Natural-Convection-Boiling-Boiling-Modes-300x235.png\" \/><\/a><span>Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o por convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span>Na\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Termodin\u00e2mica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/\"><span>termodin\u00e2mica<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, o requisito para\u00a0ocorrer a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de subst\u00e2ncias puras \u00e9 que T\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>wall<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= T\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>sat<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Por\u00e9m, em experimentos reais, a ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o ocorre at\u00e9 que o l\u00edquido seja aquecido alguns graus acima da temperatura de satura\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0A temperatura da superf\u00edcie deve estar um pouco acima da temperatura de satura\u00e7\u00e3o para sustentar a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de vapor.\u00a0Nesse\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>modo de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>vapor ser\u00e1 observado<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0sobre a superf\u00edcie da \u00e1gua, mas geralmente\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>n\u00e3o h\u00e1 bolhas<\/span><\/strong><span>ser\u00e1 observado.\u00a0\u00c0 medida que a temperatura de superaquecimento aumenta, eventualmente ocorre o in\u00edcio da bolha, mas abaixo do ponto A, o movimento do fluido \u00e9 determinado principalmente pelas correntes de convec\u00e7\u00e3o naturais.\u00a0O ponto A \u00e9 geralmente referido como o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>in\u00edcio da ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o nucleada &#8211; ONB<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Nucleate-Boiling-Boiling-Modes.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-20782 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Nucleate-Boiling-Boiling-Modes-300x234.png\" alt=\"Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o Nucleada - Modos de Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"200\" height=\"155\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Nucleate-Boiling-Boiling-Modes-300x234.png\" \/><\/a><span>Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o Nucleada.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span>O tipo mais comum de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o local encontrado em instala\u00e7\u00f5es nucleares \u00e9 a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o nucleada<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Na\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o nucleada<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, as bolhas de vapor se formam na superf\u00edcie de transfer\u00eancia de calor e depois se separam e s\u00e3o transportadas para a corrente principal do fluido.\u00a0Esse movimento melhora a transfer\u00eancia de calor porque o calor gerado na superf\u00edcie \u00e9 transportado diretamente para a corrente de fluido.\u00a0Uma vez na corrente principal de fluido, as bolhas colapsam porque a temperatura do fluido n\u00e3o \u00e9 t\u00e3o alta quanto a temperatura da superf\u00edcie de transfer\u00eancia de calor onde as bolhas foram criadas.\u00a0\u00c0s vezes, esse processo de transfer\u00eancia de calor \u00e9 desej\u00e1vel porque a energia criada na superf\u00edcie de transfer\u00eancia de calor \u00e9 r\u00e1pida e eficientemente &#8220;transportada&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Transition-Boiling-Partial-Film-Boiling-schema.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-20777 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Transition-Boiling-Partial-Film-Boiling-schema-300x225.png\" alt=\"Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o por Transi\u00e7\u00e3o - Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o Parcial de Filme\" width=\"200\" height=\"155\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Transition-Boiling-Partial-Film-Boiling-schema-300x225.png\" \/><\/a><span>Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o de transi\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span>O fluxo de calor em ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o nucleado n\u00e3o pode ser aumentado indefinidamente.\u00a0Em algum valor, chamamos de \u201c\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>fluxo cr\u00edtico de calor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u201d (\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>CHF<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0), o vapor produzido pode formar uma camada isolante sobre a superf\u00edcie, que por sua vez deteriora o coeficiente de transfer\u00eancia de calor.\u00a0Isso ocorre porque uma grande fra\u00e7\u00e3o da superf\u00edcie \u00e9 coberta por uma pel\u00edcula de vapor, que atua como um isolamento t\u00e9rmico devido \u00e0 baixa condutividade t\u00e9rmica do vapor em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 do l\u00edquido.\u00a0Imediatamente ap\u00f3s o fluxo cr\u00edtico de calor ter sido atingido, a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o se torna inst\u00e1vel<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0e a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o de transi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0ocorre.\u00a0A transi\u00e7\u00e3o da ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o nucleada para a ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o de pel\u00edcula \u00e9 conhecida como \u201c\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>crise da ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u201d.\u00a0Como al\u00e9m do ponto CHF o coeficiente de transfer\u00eancia de calor diminui, a transi\u00e7\u00e3o para a ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o de pel\u00edcula \u00e9 geralmente inevit\u00e1vel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Film-Boiling-Boiling-Modes.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-20778 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Film-Boiling-Boiling-Modes-300x231.png\" alt=\"Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o de filme - modos de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"200\" height=\"155\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Film-Boiling-Boiling-Modes-300x231.png\" \/><\/a><span>Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o de filme.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span>Um aumento adicional no fluxo de calor faz com que um filme de vapor cubra a superf\u00edcie.\u00a0Isso reduz significativamente o coeficiente de convec\u00e7\u00e3o, uma vez que a camada de vapor tem uma capacidade de transfer\u00eancia de calor significativamente menor.\u00a0Como resultado, o excesso de temperatura atinge um valor muito alto.\u00a0Al\u00e9m do\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ponto de Leidenfrost<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, um filme de vapor cont\u00ednuo cobre a superf\u00edcie e n\u00e3o h\u00e1 contato entre a fase l\u00edquida e a superf\u00edcie.\u00a0Nesta situa\u00e7\u00e3o, a transfer\u00eancia de calor \u00e9 tanto por radia\u00e7\u00e3o quanto por condu\u00e7\u00e3o ao vapor.\u00a0Se o material n\u00e3o for forte o suficiente para suportar essa temperatura, o equipamento falhar\u00e1 por danos ao material.\u00a0Esse fen\u00f4meno tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 conhecido como\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>burn out<\/span><\/strong><span>.\u00a0Nos reatores de \u00e1gua pressurizada, um dos principais requisitos de seguran\u00e7a (talvez o mais importante) \u00e9 que o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>afastamento da ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o nucleada<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>DNB<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0) n\u00e3o ocorrer\u00e1 durante a opera\u00e7\u00e3o em estado estacion\u00e1rio, transientes operacionais normais e ocorr\u00eancias operacionais previstas (AOOs).\u00a0A integridade do revestimento de combust\u00edvel ser\u00e1 mantida se o DNBR m\u00ednimo permanecer acima do limite de DNBR 95\/95 para PWRs (uma probabilidade de 95% com um n\u00edvel de confian\u00e7a de 95%).\u00a0Como esse fen\u00f4meno deteriora o coeficiente de transfer\u00eancia de calor e o fluxo de calor permanece, o calor se\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>acumula<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0na barra de combust\u00edvel, causando\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>um aumento dram\u00e1tico<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0do revestimento e da\u00a0<strong>temperatura do<\/strong>\u00a0combust\u00edvel<\/span><span>.\u00a0Simplesmente, \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria uma diferen\u00e7a de temperatura muito alta para transferir o fluxo de calor cr\u00edtico produzido da superf\u00edcie da barra de combust\u00edvel para o l\u00edquido de arrefecimento do reator (atrav\u00e9s da camada de vapor).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Subcooled-Boiling-Boiling-Modes.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-20785 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Subcooled-Boiling-Boiling-Modes-300x231.png\" alt=\"Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o Sub-resfriada - Modos de Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"300\" height=\"231\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Subcooled-Boiling-Boiling-Modes-300x231.png\" \/><\/a><span>Categoriza\u00e7\u00e3o pela temperatura de sub-resfriamento, \u0394T\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><sub><span>sub<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>A ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m pode ser classificada de acordo com se \u00e9 sub-resfriada ou saturada:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span>Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o sub-resfriada.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span>Na\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o sub-resfriada<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, a temperatura da maior parte do l\u00edquido est\u00e1 abaixo da temperatura de satura\u00e7\u00e3o e as bolhas formadas na superf\u00edcie podem condensar no l\u00edquido.\u00a0Essa condensa\u00e7\u00e3o (colapso) produz um som de frequ\u00eancia ~ 100Hz &#8211; 1 KHz.\u00a0\u00c9 por isso que uma chaleira el\u00e9trica faz mais barulho antes que a \u00e1gua ferva saturada.\u00a0O termo\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>sub-resfriamento<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0refere-se a um l\u00edquido existente a uma temperatura\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>abaixo do<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0seu ponto de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o normal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span>Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o saturada<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Na\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o saturada<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(tamb\u00e9m conhecida como\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o a granel<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0), a temperatura do l\u00edquido excede levemente a temperatura de satura\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0A ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o em massa pode ocorrer quando a temperatura do sistema aumenta ou a press\u00e3o do sistema cai para o ponto de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Nesse ponto, as bolhas que entram no canal de refrigerante n\u00e3o colapsam.\u00a0As bolhas tendem a se unir e formar bolhas de vapor maiores.\u00a0As bolhas de vapor s\u00e3o ent\u00e3o impulsionadas atrav\u00e9s do l\u00edquido por for\u00e7as de flutua\u00e7\u00e3o, eventualmente escapando de uma superf\u00edcie livre.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Saturated-Boiling-Boiling-Modes.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-20780 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Saturated-Boiling-Boiling-Modes-300x232.png\" alt=\"Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o saturada\" width=\"300\" height=\"232\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Saturated-Boiling-Boiling-Modes-300x232.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c1gua fervente &#8211; Como ferver \u00e1gua.\u00a0A \u00e1gua tem entalpia muito alta de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0A mudan\u00e7a do estado l\u00edquido para o vapor devido \u00e0 ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 sustentada pela transfer\u00eancia de calor da superf\u00edcie s\u00f3lida.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica \u00c1gua fervente A \u00e1gua\u00a0\u00a0\u00e9 uma subst\u00e2ncia transparente e quase incolor composta pelos elementos qu\u00edmicos\u00a0\u00a0hidrog\u00eanio\u00a0\u00a0e\u00a0\u00a0oxig\u00eanio\u00a0, que s\u00e3o conectados por\u00a0\u00a0liga\u00e7\u00f5es covalentes\u00a0.\u00a0Na Terra, a \u00e1gua &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 \u00e1gua fervente &#8211; Como ferver \u00e1gua &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-agua-fervente-como-ferver-agua-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 \u00e1gua fervente &#8211; Como ferver \u00e1gua &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 \u00e1gua fervente - Como ferver \u00e1gua - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00c1gua fervente - Como ferver \u00e1gua. 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