{"id":47435,"date":"2019-11-04T23:27:50","date_gmt":"2019-11-04T22:27:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/o-que-e-conveccao-forcada-e-natural-combinada-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-01-23T13:27:19","modified_gmt":"2020-01-23T12:27:19","slug":"o-que-e-conveccao-forcada-e-natural-combinada-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-conveccao-forcada-e-natural-combinada-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 convec\u00e7\u00e3o for\u00e7ada e natural combinada &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">Convec\u00e7\u00e3o For\u00e7ada e Natural Combinada, Sob condi\u00e7\u00f5es combinadas de convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural e for\u00e7ada, \u00e9 tentador adicionar as contribui\u00e7\u00f5es da convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural e for\u00e7ada na assist\u00eancia aos fluxos e subtra\u00ed-las nos fluxos opostos:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Convec\u00e7\u00e3o For\u00e7ada e Natural Combinada<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/natural-convection-vs-forced-convection.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-20640 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/natural-convection-vs-forced-convection-300x291.png\" alt=\"convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural vs convec\u00e7\u00e3o for\u00e7ada\" width=\"300\" height=\"291\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/natural-convection-vs-forced-convection-300x291.png\" \/><\/a>Como foi escrito, a convec\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre por meio de advec\u00e7\u00e3o, difus\u00e3o ou ambos.\u00a0Nos cap\u00edtulos anteriores, consideramos a transfer\u00eancia de convec\u00e7\u00e3o em fluxos de fluidos que se originam de uma condi\u00e7\u00e3o de for\u00e7amento externo &#8211;\u00a0<strong>convec\u00e7\u00e3o for\u00e7ada<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Neste cap\u00edtulo, consideramos\u00a0<strong>a convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural<\/strong>\u00a0, onde qualquer movimento fluido ocorre por meios naturais, como a flutuabilidade.\u00a0De fato, existem regimes de fluxo, nos quais devemos considerar os\u00a0<strong>dois mecanismos de for\u00e7a<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Quando as velocidades de fluxo s\u00e3o baixas, a convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural tamb\u00e9m contribuir\u00e1, al\u00e9m da convec\u00e7\u00e3o for\u00e7ada.\u00a0Se a convec\u00e7\u00e3o livre \u00e9 significativa ou n\u00e3o para a transfer\u00eancia de calor, ela pode ser verificada usando os seguintes crit\u00e9rios:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Se a conven\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0livre\u00a0Gr \/ Re\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0&gt;&gt; 1 prevalecer<\/li>\n<li>Se a\u00a0convec\u00e7\u00e3o for\u00e7ada\u00a0Gr \/ Re\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0&lt;&lt; 1 prevalecer<\/li>\n<li>Se Gr \/ Re\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0\u2248 1, ambos devem ser considerados<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>O efeito da flutuabilidade na transfer\u00eancia de calor em um fluxo for\u00e7ado \u00e9 fortemente influenciado pela dire\u00e7\u00e3o da for\u00e7a de flutua\u00e7\u00e3o em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 do fluxo.\u00a0<strong>A convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural<\/strong>\u00a0pode\u00a0<strong>ajudar<\/strong>\u00a0ou\u00a0<strong>prejudicar<\/strong>\u00a0a transfer\u00eancia de calor por convec\u00e7\u00e3o for\u00e7ada, dependendo das dire\u00e7\u00f5es relativas dos movimentos induzidos por flutuabilidade e de convec\u00e7\u00e3o for\u00e7ada.\u00a0Tr\u00eas casos especiais que foram estudados extensivamente correspondem a movimentos induzidos por flutuabilidade e movimentos for\u00e7ados:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ajudando o fluxo<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0O movimento flutuante est\u00e1 na mesma dire\u00e7\u00e3o que o movimento for\u00e7ado.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fluxo oposto<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0O movimento flutuante est\u00e1 na dire\u00e7\u00e3o oposta ao movimento for\u00e7ado.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fluxo transversal<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0O movimento flutuante \u00e9 perpendicular ao movimento for\u00e7ado.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00c9 \u00f3bvio que, na assist\u00eancia e fluxos transversais, a flutuabilidade aumenta a taxa de transfer\u00eancia de calor associada \u00e0 convec\u00e7\u00e3o for\u00e7ada pura.\u00a0Por outro lado, em fluxos opostos, diminui a taxa de transfer\u00eancia de calor.\u00a0Ao determinar o\u00a0<strong>n\u00famero de Nusselt<\/strong>\u00a0sob condi\u00e7\u00f5es combinadas de convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural e for\u00e7ada, \u00e9 tentador adicionar as contribui\u00e7\u00f5es da convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural e for\u00e7ada na assist\u00eancia aos fluxos e subtra\u00ed-las nos fluxos opostos:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Convec\u00e7\u00e3o For\u00e7ada e Natural Combinada<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/combined-forced-and-natural-convection-correlation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-20657 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/combined-forced-and-natural-convection-correlation.png\" alt=\"convec\u00e7\u00e3o for\u00e7ada e natural combinada - correla\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"386\" height=\"44\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/combined-forced-and-natural-convection-correlation.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><span>Para a geometria espec\u00edfica de interesse, os n\u00fameros de Nusselt\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Nu\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>for\u00e7ado<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0e\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Nu\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>natural<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0s\u00e3o determinados a partir de correla\u00e7\u00f5es existentes para convec\u00e7\u00e3o for\u00e7ada pura e natural (livre), respectivamente.\u00a0A melhor correla\u00e7\u00e3o de dados para experimentos \u00e9 frequentemente obtida para o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>expoente n = 3<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, mas pode variar entre 3 e 4, dependendo da geometria do problema.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Convec\u00e7\u00e3o Natural &#8211; Correla\u00e7\u00f5es<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Como foi escrito, a maioria das\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>correla\u00e7\u00f5es de transfer\u00eancia de calor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0na\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 baseada em medi\u00e7\u00f5es experimentais e os engenheiros costumam usar\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"N\u00fameros de caracter\u00edstica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/heat-transfer\/introduction-to-heat-transfer\/characteristic-numbers\/\"><span>n\u00fameros de caracter\u00edsticas<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0adequados\u00a0para descrever a transfer\u00eancia de calor por convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural.\u00a0O n\u00famero caracter\u00edstico que descreve\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Convec\u00e7\u00e3o - Transfer\u00eancia de calor por convec\u00e7\u00e3o\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-conveccao-transferencia-de-calor-por-conveccao-definicao\/\"><span>a transfer\u00eancia de calor por convec\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0(ou seja, o\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Coeficiente de transfer\u00eancia de calor por convec\u00e7\u00e3o\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-coeficiente-de-transferencia-de-calor-por-conveccao-definicao\/\"><span>coeficiente de transfer\u00eancia de calor<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0) \u00e9 o\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"O que \u00e9 o n\u00famero Nusselt\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/heat-transfer\/introduction-to-heat-transfer\/characteristic-numbers\/what-is-nusselt-number\/\"><strong><span>n\u00famero de Nusselt<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0, que \u00e9 definido como a raz\u00e3o da\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>energia t\u00e9rmica convectada<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0ao fluido pela\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>energia t\u00e9rmica conduzida<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0dentro do fluido.\u00a0O\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>n\u00famero de Nusselt<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0representa o aprimoramento da transfer\u00eancia de calor atrav\u00e9s de uma camada de fluido como resultado da\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>convec\u00e7\u00e3o relativa \u00e0 condu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>atrav\u00e9s da mesma camada de fluido.\u00a0Mas, no caso de convec\u00e7\u00e3o livre, as correla\u00e7\u00f5es de transfer\u00eancia de calor (para o n\u00famero de Nusselt) s\u00e3o geralmente expressas em termos do\u00a0<\/span><strong><a title=\"O que \u00e9 o n\u00famero Rayleigh\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/heat-transfer\/introduction-to-heat-transfer\/characteristic-numbers\/what-is-rayleigh-number\/\"><span>n\u00famero de Rayleigh<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>O\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>n\u00famero Rayleigh<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 usado para expressar transfer\u00eancia de calor em convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural.\u00a0A magnitude do n\u00famero de Rayleigh \u00e9 uma boa indica\u00e7\u00e3o sobre se a camada limite da convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural \u00e9 laminar ou turbulenta.\u00a0As correla\u00e7\u00f5es emp\u00edricas simples para o n\u00famero m\u00e9dio de Nusselt, Nu, em convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural, t\u00eam a forma:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Nu\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>x<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= C. Ra\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>x\u00a0<\/span><\/sub><sup><span>n<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Os valores das\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>constantes C<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0e\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>n<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0dependem da geometria da superf\u00edcie e do\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/fluid-dynamics\/flow-regime\/\"><span>regime de vaz\u00e3o<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, que \u00e9 caracterizado pela faixa do\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>n\u00famero de Rayleigh<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0O valor de n \u00e9 geralmente\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>n = 1\/4<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0para\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Fluxo Laminar - Fluxo Viscoso\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-fluxo-laminar-fluxo-viscoso-definicao\/\"><strong><span>o fluxo laminar<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0e\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>n = 1\/3<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0para\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Fluxo turbulento\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-fluxo-turbulento-definicao\/\"><strong><span>fluxo turbulento<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Por exemplo:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/natural-convection-heat-transfer-correlations.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-20652 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/natural-convection-heat-transfer-correlations.png\" alt=\"convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural - correla\u00e7\u00f5es de transfer\u00eancia de calor\" width=\"519\" height=\"130\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/natural-convection-heat-transfer-correlations.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>Veja tamb\u00e9m:\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"O que \u00e9 o n\u00famero Nusselt\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/heat-transfer\/introduction-to-heat-transfer\/characteristic-numbers\/what-is-nusselt-number\/\"><span>N\u00famero Nusselt<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<span>Veja tamb\u00e9m:\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"O que \u00e9 o n\u00famero Rayleigh\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/heat-transfer\/introduction-to-heat-transfer\/characteristic-numbers\/what-is-rayleigh-number\/\"><span>N\u00famero Rayleigh<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Convec\u00e7\u00e3o For\u00e7ada e Natural Combinada, Sob condi\u00e7\u00f5es combinadas de convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural e for\u00e7ada, \u00e9 tentador adicionar as contribui\u00e7\u00f5es da convec\u00e7\u00e3o natural e for\u00e7ada na assist\u00eancia aos fluxos e subtra\u00ed-las nos fluxos opostos: Convec\u00e7\u00e3o For\u00e7ada e Natural Combinada Como foi escrito, a convec\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre por meio de advec\u00e7\u00e3o, difus\u00e3o ou ambos.\u00a0Nos cap\u00edtulos anteriores, consideramos a transfer\u00eancia &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 convec\u00e7\u00e3o for\u00e7ada e natural combinada &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-conveccao-forcada-e-natural-combinada-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 convec\u00e7\u00e3o for\u00e7ada e natural combinada &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - 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