{"id":47719,"date":"2019-11-06T02:41:49","date_gmt":"2019-11-06T01:41:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/o-que-e-transferencia-de-calor-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-01-24T17:28:01","modified_gmt":"2020-01-24T16:28:01","slug":"o-que-e-transferencia-de-calor-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-transferencia-de-calor-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 transfer\u00eancia de calor &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">A transfer\u00eancia de calor \u00e9 uma disciplina de engenharia que diz respeito \u00e0 gera\u00e7\u00e3o, uso, convers\u00e3o e troca de calor (energia t\u00e9rmica) entre sistemas f\u00edsicos.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Transfer\u00eancia de calor<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Heat-Transfer-mechanisms-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-20376 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Heat-Transfer-mechanisms-min-300x295.png\" alt=\"Transfer\u00eancia de calor - mecanismos\" width=\"300\" height=\"295\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Heat-Transfer-mechanisms-min-300x295.png\" \/><\/a>A transfer\u00eancia de calor \u00e9 uma disciplina de engenharia que diz respeito \u00e0 gera\u00e7\u00e3o, uso, convers\u00e3o e troca de calor (energia t\u00e9rmica) entre sistemas f\u00edsicos.\u00a0Na engenharia de energia, ele determina os principais par\u00e2metros e materiais dos trocadores de calor.\u00a0A transfer\u00eancia de calor \u00e9 geralmente classificada em v\u00e1rios mecanismos, como:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a title=\"Condu\u00e7\u00e3o T\u00e9rmica - Condu\u00e7\u00e3o T\u00e9rmica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-conducao-termica-conducao-termica-definicao\/\">Condu\u00e7\u00e3o de calor<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/strong>A condu\u00e7\u00e3o de calor, tamb\u00e9m chamada difus\u00e3o, ocorre dentro de um corpo ou entre dois corpos em contato.\u00a0\u00c9 a troca microsc\u00f3pica direta da energia cin\u00e9tica das part\u00edculas atrav\u00e9s da fronteira entre dois sistemas.\u00a0Quando um objeto est\u00e1 a uma temperatura diferente de outro corpo ou de seus arredores<\/li>\n<li><strong><a title=\"Convec\u00e7\u00e3o - Transfer\u00eancia de calor por convec\u00e7\u00e3o\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-conveccao-transferencia-de-calor-por-conveccao-definicao\/\">Convec\u00e7\u00e3o por Calor<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/strong>A convec\u00e7\u00e3o de calor depende do movimento de massa de uma regi\u00e3o do espa\u00e7o para outra.\u00a0A convec\u00e7\u00e3o de calor ocorre quando o fluxo a granel de um fluido (g\u00e1s ou l\u00edquido) transporta calor junto com o fluxo de mat\u00e9ria no fluido.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Radia\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica.\u00a0<\/strong>A radia\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 a transfer\u00eancia de calor por radia\u00e7\u00e3o eletromagn\u00e9tica, como a luz do sol, sem a necessidade de que a mat\u00e9ria esteja presente no espa\u00e7o entre os corpos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-accordion\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-clearfix\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span>Transfer\u00eancia de Calor em Engenharia Nuclear &#8211; Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><span>A transfer\u00eancia de calor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 comumente encontrada em sistemas de engenharia e outros aspectos da vida, e n\u00e3o \u00e9 preciso ir muito longe para ver algumas \u00e1reas de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da transfer\u00eancia de calor.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_14206\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14206\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Continuity-Equation-Flow-Rate-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-14206 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Continuity-Equation-Flow-Rate-min-300x300.png\" alt=\"Equa\u00e7\u00e3o de continuidade - vaz\u00f5es atrav\u00e9s do reator\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Continuity-Equation-Flow-Rate-min-300x300.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14206\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Exemplo de vaz\u00f5es em um reator.\u00a0\u00c9 um exemplo ilustrativo, os dados n\u00e3o representam nenhum projeto de reator.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span>O conhecimento detalhado dos\u00a0mecanismos de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>transfer\u00eancia<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de\u00a0<strong>calor<\/strong>\u00a0tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 essencial para os engenheiros do reator, bem como para todos os outros engenheiros.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Uma usina<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0nuclear (\u00a0<strong>usina<\/strong>\u00a0nuclear) se parece com uma usina termel\u00e9trica padr\u00e3o, com uma exce\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0A fonte de calor na\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/\"><strong><span>usina nuclear<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00e9 um\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-reactor\/\"><strong><span>reator nuclear<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Como \u00e9 t\u00edpico em todas as centrais t\u00e9rmicas convencionais, o calor \u00e9 usado\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>para gerar vapor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0que\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>aciona uma\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"O que \u00e9 turbina a vapor - descri\u00e7\u00e3o e caracter\u00edsticas\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/turbine-generator-power-conversion-system\/what-is-steam-turbine-description-and-characteristics\/\"><span>turbina a vapor<\/span><\/a><\/strong><span>\u00a0conectada a um\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Gerador principal - Gerador el\u00e9trico - Turbo-alternador\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/turbine-generator-power-conversion-system\/main-generator-electric-generator-turbo-alternator\/\"><span>gerador<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0que produz eletricidade.\u00a0Mas, em usinas nucleares, os reatores produzem uma\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>quantidade enorme de calor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(energia) em um\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>pequeno volume<\/span><\/strong><span>.\u00a0A densidade da gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia \u00e9\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>muito grande<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0e isso demanda\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>um sistema de transfer\u00eancia de calor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(sistema de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o do reator).\u00a0Portanto, temos que come\u00e7ar pela gera\u00e7\u00e3o e remo\u00e7\u00e3o de calor do reator.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Para que um reator opere em estado estacion\u00e1rio, todo o calor liberado no sistema deve ser removido\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>t\u00e3o r\u00e1pido quanto produzido<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Isso \u00e9 feito atrav\u00e9s da passagem de um l\u00edquido de arrefecimento l\u00edquido ou gasoso pelo\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reactor-physics.com\/what-is-reactor-core-definition\/\"><strong><span>n\u00facleo<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0e por outras regi\u00f5es onde o calor \u00e9 gerado.\u00a0A transfer\u00eancia de calor deve ser igual ou superior \u00e0 taxa de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de calor ou superaquecimento, podendo ocorrer danos ao combust\u00edvel.\u00a0A natureza e a opera\u00e7\u00e3o desse sistema de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o uma das considera\u00e7\u00f5es mais importantes no projeto de um reator nuclear.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Deve-se notar que, do ponto de vista estritamente nuclear, teoricamente n\u00e3o h\u00e1 limite superior \u00e0 energia t\u00e9rmica do reator, o que pode ser alcan\u00e7ado por qualquer reator cr\u00edtico com excesso de reatividade suficiente para superar seus feedbacks negativos de temperatura.\u00a0Em cada\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-reactor\/\"><span>reator nuclear<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, h\u00e1 uma\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>proporcionalidade direta<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0entre o\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/nuclear-engineering-fundamentals\/neutron-nuclear-reactions\/neutron-flux-neutron-intensity\/\"><strong><span>fluxo de n\u00eautrons<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<\/a><span>e a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>energia t\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0do\u00a0<strong>reator<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0O termo energia t\u00e9rmica \u00e9 geralmente usado, porque significa a taxa na qual o calor \u00e9 produzido no n\u00facleo do reator como resultado de\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/fission\/\"><span>fiss\u00f5es<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0no combust\u00edvel.\u00a0Al\u00e9m disso, por um curto per\u00edodo, um reator cr\u00edtico n\u00e3o precisa ter alto excesso de reatividade, como no caso de excurs\u00f5es r\u00e1pidas de reatividade.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Em resumo, quase todo reator \u00e9 capaz de exceder a capacidade de remo\u00e7\u00e3o de calor de seu sistema de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Al\u00e9m deste ponto, o combust\u00edvel aqueceria e poder\u00e1 atingir temperaturas muito altas.\u00a0Essa situa\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser evitada pelo operador do reator e pelos sistemas de seguran\u00e7a do reator.\u00a0\u00c9 essencial que o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>equil\u00edbrio da taxa de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de calor e remo\u00e7\u00e3o de calor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0seja mantido para evitar essas temperaturas que podem resultar em falha de combust\u00edvel ou outros materiais estruturais.\u00a0Na engenharia de reatores, o sistema hidr\u00e1ulico t\u00e9rmico dos reatores nucleares descreve o esfor\u00e7o que envolve o acoplamento da transfer\u00eancia de calor e da din\u00e2mica de fluidos para atingir a taxa de remo\u00e7\u00e3o de calor desejada do n\u00facleo, tanto em condi\u00e7\u00f5es normais de opera\u00e7\u00e3o quanto em acidentes.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A transfer\u00eancia de calor \u00e9 uma disciplina de engenharia que diz respeito \u00e0 gera\u00e7\u00e3o, uso, convers\u00e3o e troca de calor (energia t\u00e9rmica) entre sistemas f\u00edsicos.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica Transfer\u00eancia de calor A transfer\u00eancia de calor \u00e9 uma disciplina de engenharia que diz respeito \u00e0 gera\u00e7\u00e3o, uso, convers\u00e3o e troca de calor (energia t\u00e9rmica) entre sistemas f\u00edsicos.\u00a0Na engenharia &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 transfer\u00eancia de calor &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-transferencia-de-calor-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 transfer\u00eancia de calor &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 transfer\u00eancia de calor - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A transfer\u00eancia de calor \u00e9 uma disciplina de engenharia que diz respeito \u00e0 gera\u00e7\u00e3o, uso, convers\u00e3o e troca de calor (energia t\u00e9rmica) entre sistemas f\u00edsicos. 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