{"id":47831,"date":"2019-11-06T22:53:43","date_gmt":"2019-11-06T21:53:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/o-que-e-turbina-a-vapor-de-condensacao-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-01-25T09:37:32","modified_gmt":"2020-01-25T08:37:32","slug":"o-que-e-turbina-a-vapor-de-condensacao-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-turbina-a-vapor-de-condensacao-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 turbina a vapor de condensa\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">As turbinas a vapor de condensa\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o mais comumente encontradas em usinas termel\u00e9tricas.\u00a0Em uma turbina a vapor de condensa\u00e7\u00e3o, a quantidade m\u00e1xima de energia \u00e9 extra\u00edda do vapor.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o de turbinas &#8211; condi\u00e7\u00f5es de suprimento e exaust\u00e3o de vapor<\/h2>\n<p><strong>As turbinas a vapor<\/strong>\u00a0podem ser classificadas em diferentes categorias, dependendo da finalidade e\u00a0<strong>das press\u00f5es de trabalho<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0O uso industrial de uma turbina influencia as condi\u00e7\u00f5es iniciais e finais do vapor.\u00a0Para qualquer turbina a vapor operar, deve existir uma diferen\u00e7a de press\u00e3o entre o suprimento de vapor e o escapamento.\u00a0Esta classifica\u00e7\u00e3o inclui:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Turbina a vapor de condensa\u00e7\u00e3o\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/turbine-generator-power-conversion-system\/what-is-steam-turbine-description-and-characteristics\/condensing-steam-turbine\/\"><strong>Turbina a vapor de condensa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0,<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Turbina a vapor de contrapress\u00e3o - vapor de processo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/turbine-generator-power-conversion-system\/what-is-steam-turbine-description-and-characteristics\/back-pressure-steam-turbine-process-steam\/\"><strong>Turbina a vapor de contrapress\u00e3o<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0,<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Reaquecer a turbina a vapor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/turbine-generator-power-conversion-system\/what-is-steam-turbine-description-and-characteristics\/reheat-steam-turbine\/\"><strong>Reaquecer a turbina a vapor<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0,<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Turbina de Extra\u00e7\u00e3o - Turbina com Extra\u00e7\u00e3o a Vapor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/turbine-generator-power-conversion-system\/what-is-steam-turbine-description-and-characteristics\/extraction-turbine-turbine-with-steam-extraction\/\"><strong><b>Turbina com Extra\u00e7\u00e3o a Vapor<\/b><\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Turbina a vapor de condensa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Condenser-LP-Heaters-Deaerator-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-17843 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Condenser-LP-Heaters-Deaerator-min-300x146.png\" alt=\"Condensador - Aquecedores de LP - Desaerador\" width=\"300\" height=\"146\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Condenser-LP-Heaters-Deaerator-min-300x146.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>As turbinas a vapor de condensa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0s\u00e3o mais comumente encontradas em usinas termel\u00e9tricas.\u00a0Em uma\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>turbina a vapor de condensa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, a quantidade m\u00e1xima de energia \u00e9 extra\u00edda do vapor, porque h\u00e1\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>uma diferen\u00e7a de entalpia muito alta<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0entre a inicial (por exemplo,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>6MPa; 275 \u00b0 C; x = 1<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0) e final (por exemplo,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>0,008MPa; 41,5 \u00b0 C; x = 0,9<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0) condi\u00e7\u00f5es de vapor.\u00a0Isso \u00e9 conseguido passando o vapor de exaust\u00e3o para um\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>condensador<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(chamado condensador de superf\u00edcie), que condensa o vapor de exaust\u00e3o dos est\u00e1gios de baixa press\u00e3o da turbina principal (diminui a temperatura e a press\u00e3o do vapor exaurido).\u00a0O vapor exaurido \u00e9 condensado passando sobre os tubos que cont\u00eam \u00e1gua do sistema de resfriamento.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17767\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17767\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Rankine-Cycle-condenser-pressure-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-17767 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Rankine-Cycle-condenser-pressure-min-300x300.png\" alt=\"Ciclo Rankine - press\u00e3o do condensador\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Rankine-Cycle-condenser-pressure-min-300x300.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17767\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Diminuir a press\u00e3o de escape da turbina aumenta o trabalho l\u00edquido por ciclo, mas tamb\u00e9m diminui a qualidade do vapor de sa\u00edda.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span>O objetivo de manter a menor press\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica de exaust\u00e3o da turbina \u00e9 a principal raz\u00e3o para incluir o condensador em uma usina termel\u00e9trica.\u00a0O condensador fornece um v\u00e1cuo que maximiza a energia extra\u00edda do vapor, resultando em um aumento significativo no trabalho l\u00edquido e na efici\u00eancia t\u00e9rmica.\u00a0Mas tamb\u00e9m este par\u00e2metro (press\u00e3o do condensador) tem seus limites de engenharia:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Diminuir a press\u00e3o de exaust\u00e3o da turbina diminui a qualidade do vapor (ou fra\u00e7\u00e3o de secura).\u00a0Em algum momento, a expans\u00e3o deve ser encerrada para evitar danos que podem ser causados \u200b\u200b\u00e0s p\u00e1s da turbina a vapor por vapor de\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-steam-what-is-steam\/vapor-quality-dryness-fraction\/\"><span>baixa qualidade<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Diminuir a press\u00e3o de exaust\u00e3o da turbina aumenta significativamente o volume espec\u00edfico de vapor exaurido, o que requer grandes l\u00e2minas nas \u00faltimas fileiras do est\u00e1gio de baixa press\u00e3o da turbina a vapor.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Em uma\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>turbina a vapor de condensa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0t\u00edpica\u00a0, o vapor exaurido condensa no condensador e est\u00e1 a uma press\u00e3o bem abaixo da atmosf\u00e9rica (press\u00e3o absoluta de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>0,008 MPa,<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0que corresponde a 41,5 \u00b0 C).\u00a0Este vapor est\u00e1 em um estado parcialmente condensado (ponto F), normalmente com uma qualidade pr\u00f3xima a 90%.\u00a0Observe que a press\u00e3o dentro do condensador tamb\u00e9m depende das condi\u00e7\u00f5es atmosf\u00e9ricas do ambiente:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>temperatura do ar, press\u00e3o e umidade em caso de resfriamento na atmosfera<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>temperatura da \u00e1gua e vaz\u00e3o em caso de resfriamento em um rio ou mar<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Um aumento na temperatura ambiente causa um aumento proporcional na press\u00e3o do vapor exaurido (\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u0394T = 14 \u00b0 C<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 geralmente uma constante), portanto, a efici\u00eancia t\u00e9rmica do sistema de convers\u00e3o de energia diminui.\u00a0Em outras palavras, a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>produ\u00e7\u00e3o el\u00e9trica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de uma usina\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>pode variar de acordo<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0com as\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>condi\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, enquanto a energia t\u00e9rmica permanece constante.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>A press\u00e3o no interior do\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>condensador<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 determinada pela temperatura do ar ambiente (ou seja, a temperatura da \u00e1gua no sistema de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o) e por\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ejetores de vapor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0ou\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>bombas de v\u00e1cuo<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, que puxam os gases (n\u00e3o condens\u00e1veis) do condensador de superf\u00edcie e os ejetam para a atmosfera.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>A menor press\u00e3o vi\u00e1vel do condensador \u00e9 a press\u00e3o de satura\u00e7\u00e3o correspondente \u00e0 temperatura ambiente (por exemplo, press\u00e3o absoluta de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>0,008 MPa,<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0que corresponde a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>41,5 \u00b0 C<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0).\u00a0Observe que sempre h\u00e1 uma diferen\u00e7a de temperatura entre (em torno de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>\u0394T = 14 \u00b0 C<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0) a temperatura do condensador e a temperatura ambiente, que se origina do tamanho finito e da efici\u00eancia dos condensadores.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As turbinas a vapor de condensa\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o mais comumente encontradas em usinas termel\u00e9tricas.\u00a0Em uma turbina a vapor de condensa\u00e7\u00e3o, a quantidade m\u00e1xima de energia \u00e9 extra\u00edda do vapor.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o de turbinas &#8211; condi\u00e7\u00f5es de suprimento e exaust\u00e3o de vapor As turbinas a vapor\u00a0podem ser classificadas em diferentes categorias, dependendo da finalidade e\u00a0das press\u00f5es de &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 turbina a vapor de condensa\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-turbina-a-vapor-de-condensacao-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 turbina a vapor de condensa\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 turbina a vapor de condensa\u00e7\u00e3o - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As turbinas a vapor de condensa\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o mais comumente encontradas em usinas termel\u00e9tricas. 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