{"id":47883,"date":"2019-11-07T03:52:18","date_gmt":"2019-11-07T02:52:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/o-que-e-o-ciclo-de-classificacao-supercritica-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-01-25T09:56:49","modified_gmt":"2020-01-25T08:56:49","slug":"o-que-e-o-ciclo-de-classificacao-supercritica-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-ciclo-de-classificacao-supercritica-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 o ciclo de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o supercr\u00edtica – Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"
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As usinas termel\u00e9tricas s\u00e3o projetadas atualmente para operar no ciclo supercr\u00edtico de Rankine.\u00a0O ciclo Rankine supercr\u00edtico tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 o ciclo termodin\u00e2mico de reatores supercr\u00edticos de \u00e1gua.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Melhoria da efici\u00eancia t\u00e9rmica – Ciclo Rankine<\/h2>\n

Existem v\u00e1rios m\u00e9todos, como pode ser melhorada a efici\u00eancia t\u00e9rmica do ciclo Rankine.\u00a0Assumindo que a temperatura m\u00e1xima seja limitada pela press\u00e3o dentro do vaso de press\u00e3o do reator, esses m\u00e9todos s\u00e3o:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Ciclo Rankine supercr\u00edtico<\/span><\/h2>\n
\"Ciclo<\/a>
ciclo Rankine supercr\u00edtico<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Como foi discutido, a efici\u00eancia t\u00e9rmica pode ser melhorada “simplesmente” por um aumento na temperatura do vapor que entra na turbina.\u00a0Mas essa temperatura \u00e9 restringida por limita\u00e7\u00f5es metal\u00fargicas impostas pelos materiais e design do\u00a0<\/span>vaso de press\u00e3o<\/span><\/a>\u00a0do\u00a0reator<\/a>\u00a0e da tubula\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria.\u00a0O vaso do reator e a tubula\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria devem suportar altas press\u00f5es e grandes tens\u00f5es a temperaturas elevadas.\u00a0Atualmente, por\u00e9m, materiais e m\u00e9todos aprimorados de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00eam permitido aumentos significativos nas press\u00f5es m\u00e1ximas, com aumentos correspondentes na efici\u00eancia t\u00e9rmica.\u00a0As usinas termel\u00e9tricas s\u00e3o projetadas atualmente para operar no\u00a0<\/span>ciclo Rankine supercr\u00edtico<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(ou seja, com press\u00f5es de vapor excedendo a\u00a0<\/span>press\u00e3o cr\u00edtica da \u00e1gua<\/span><\/a>22,1 MPa e temperaturas de entrada da turbina superiores a 600 \u00b0 C).\u00a0As usinas supercr\u00edticas de combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis, que s\u00e3o operadas sob\u00a0<\/span>press\u00e3o supercr\u00edtica<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, t\u00eam efici\u00eancias em torno de\u00a0<\/span>43%<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0As usinas a carv\u00e3o mais eficientes e tamb\u00e9m muito complexas que s\u00e3o operadas sob\u00a0<\/span>press\u00f5es “ultra-cr\u00edticas”<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(ou seja, cerca de 30 MPa) e usam reaquecimento em v\u00e1rios est\u00e1gios atingem cerca de\u00a0<\/span>48% de<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0efici\u00eancia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Reator Supercr\u00edtico de \u00c1gua – SCWR<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Caracter\u00edsticas<\/a>
Propriedades t\u00edpicas do l\u00edquido de arrefecimento no SCWR.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

O ciclo Rankine supercr\u00edtico<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 o ciclo termodin\u00e2mico dos reatores supercr\u00edticos de \u00e1gua.\u00a0O\u00a0<\/span>reator de \u00e1gua supercr\u00edtico (SCWR)<\/span><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00e9 um conceito de reator de gera\u00e7\u00e3o IV, que \u00e9 operado a\u00a0<\/span>press\u00e3o supercr\u00edtica<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(ou seja, superior a 22,1 MPa).\u00a0O termo supercr\u00edtico neste contexto refere-se ao\u00a0<\/span>ponto cr\u00edtico<\/span><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0termodin\u00e2mico\u00a0da \u00e1gua<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0(T\u00a0<\/span>CR<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0= 374 \u00b0 C; p\u00a0<\/span>CR<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0= 22,1 MPa), e n\u00e3o deve ser confundido com a\u00a0<\/span>criticidade do n\u00facleo do reator<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, que descreve as mudan\u00e7as na\u00a0<\/span>popula\u00e7\u00e3o de n\u00eautrons<\/span><\/a>\u00a0da o\u00a0<\/span>n\u00facleo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0do\u00a0reator<\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Para\u00a0<\/span>SCWRs<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0um\u00a0<\/span>ciclo de uma vez por meio de vapor<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0tem sido previsto, omitindo qualquer recircula\u00e7\u00e3o do l\u00edquido de arrefecimento no interior do reactor.\u00a0\u00c9 semelhante ao\u00a0<\/span>dos reatores de \u00e1gua fervente<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, o\u00a0<\/span>vapor<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ser\u00e1 fornecido diretamente \u00e0 turbina a vapor e a \u00e1gua de alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o do ciclo de vapor ser\u00e1 fornecida de volta ao n\u00facleo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Assim como o reator de \u00e1gua supercr\u00edtico pode usar\u00a0<\/span>\u00e1gua leve<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0ou\u00a0<\/span>\u00e1gua pesada<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0como\u00a0<\/span>moderador de n\u00eautrons<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Como pode ser visto, existem muitos projetos de SCWR, mas todos os SCWRs t\u00eam uma caracter\u00edstica fundamental, que \u00e9 o uso de \u00e1gua al\u00e9m do ponto cr\u00edtico termodin\u00e2mico como refrigerante prim\u00e1rio.\u00a0Como esse recurso permite\u00a0<\/span>aumentar a temperatura de pico<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, os\u00a0<\/span>reatores supercr\u00edticos de \u00e1gua<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0s\u00e3o considerados um avan\u00e7o promissor para\u00a0<\/span>as usinas nucleares<\/span><\/a>\u00a0devido \u00e0 sua\u00a0<\/span>alta efici\u00eancia t\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(~ 45% vs. ~ 33% para as LWRs atuais).<\/span><\/p>\n

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Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As usinas termel\u00e9tricas s\u00e3o projetadas atualmente para operar no ciclo supercr\u00edtico de Rankine.\u00a0O ciclo Rankine supercr\u00edtico tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 o ciclo termodin\u00e2mico de reatores supercr\u00edticos de \u00e1gua.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica Melhoria da efici\u00eancia t\u00e9rmica – Ciclo Rankine Existem v\u00e1rios m\u00e9todos, como pode ser melhorada a efici\u00eancia t\u00e9rmica do ciclo Rankine.\u00a0Assumindo que a temperatura m\u00e1xima seja limitada pela press\u00e3o … Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nO que \u00e9 o ciclo de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o supercr\u00edtica - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As usinas termel\u00e9tricas s\u00e3o projetadas atualmente para operar no ciclo supercr\u00edtico de Rankine. 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