{"id":48155,"date":"2019-11-08T08:17:21","date_gmt":"2019-11-08T07:17:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/exemplo-eficiencia-isentropica-de-turbinas-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-01-27T17:10:19","modified_gmt":"2020-01-27T16:10:19","slug":"exemplo-eficiencia-isentropica-de-turbinas-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/exemplo-eficiencia-isentropica-de-turbinas-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"Exemplo: Efici\u00eancia isentr\u00f3pica de turbinas – Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Calcule o trabalho realizado por esta turbina e calcule a temperatura real na sa\u00edda da turbina, quando a efici\u00eancia da turbina isentr\u00f3pica for \u03b7T = 0,91 (91%).\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Exemplo: Efici\u00eancia isentr\u00f3pica da turbina<\/h2>\n
\"Expans\u00e3o<\/a>
O processo isentr\u00f3pico \u00e9 um caso especial de processos adiab\u00e1ticos.\u00a0\u00c9 um processo adiab\u00e1tico revers\u00edvel.\u00a0Um processo isentr\u00f3pico tamb\u00e9m pode ser chamado de processo de entropia constante.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Assuma uma\u00a0expans\u00e3o isentr\u00f3pica<\/strong>\u00a0de h\u00e9lio (3 \u2192 4) em uma turbina a g\u00e1s.\u00a0Nestas turbinas, o est\u00e1gio de alta press\u00e3o recebe g\u00e1s (ponto 3 na figura; p\u00a03<\/sub>\u00a0=\u00a06,7 MPa<\/strong>\u00a0; T\u00a03<\/sub>\u00a0= 1190 K (917 \u00b0 C)) de um trocador de calor e o esgota em outro trocador de calor, onde a press\u00e3o de sa\u00edda \u00e9 p\u00a04<\/sub>\u00a0=\u00a02,78 MPa<\/strong>\u00a0(ponto 4)\u00a0.\u00a0<\/strong>A temperatura (para processo isentr\u00f3pico) do g\u00e1s na sa\u00edda da turbina \u00e9 T\u00a04s<\/sub>\u00a0= 839 K (566 \u00b0 C).<\/p>\n

Calcule<\/strong>\u00a0o trabalho realizado por esta turbina e calcule a temperatura real na sa\u00edda da turbina, quando a\u00a0efici\u00eancia da turbina isentr\u00f3pica<\/strong>\u00a0for\u00a0\u03b7\u00a0<\/strong>T<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0= 0,91 (91%)<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

Solu\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n

A partir da primeira lei da termodin\u00e2mica, o trabalho realizado pela turbina em um processo isentr\u00f3pico pode ser calculado a partir de:<\/p>\n

W\u00a0<\/strong>T<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0= h\u00a0<\/strong>3<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0– h\u00a0<\/strong>4s<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u2192 W\u00a0<\/strong>Ts<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0=\u00a0c\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>p<\/sub><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(T\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>3<\/sub><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0– T\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>4s<\/sub><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Pela Lei do G\u00e1s Ideal, sabemos que o calor molar espec\u00edfico de um g\u00e1s ideal monat\u00f4mico \u00e9:<\/p>\n

C\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>v<\/sub><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0= 3 \/ 2R = 12,5 J \/ mol K<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0e\u00a0C\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>p<\/sub><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0= C\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>v<\/sub><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0+ R = 5 \/ 2R = 20,8 J \/ mol K<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Transferimos as capacidades de calor espec\u00edficas em unidades de\u00a0J \/ kg K via:<\/strong><\/p>\n

c\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>p<\/sub><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0= C\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>p<\/sub><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a01 \/ M (peso molar de h\u00e9lio) = 20,8 x 4,10\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>-3<\/sup><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0= 5200 J \/ kg K<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

O trabalho realizado pela turbina a g\u00e1s no processo isentr\u00f3pico \u00e9 ent\u00e3o:<\/p>\n

W\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>T, s<\/sub><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0= c\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>p<\/sub><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>T3<\/sub><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0–\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>T4s<\/sub><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0) = 5200 x (1190 – 839) = 1,825 MJ \/ kg<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

O trabalho real realizado pela turbina a g\u00e1s no processo adiab\u00e1tico \u00e9 ent\u00e3o:<\/p>\n

WT\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong>, real<\/span><\/sub><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0=\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong>cp<\/span><\/sub><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong>T3<\/span><\/sub><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0–\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong>T4s<\/span><\/sub><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0).\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u03b7\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong>T<\/span><\/sub><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0= 5200 x (1190 – 839) x 0,91 = 1,661 MJ \/ kg<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….<\/p>\n

Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Calcule o trabalho realizado por esta turbina e calcule a temperatura real na sa\u00edda da turbina, quando a efici\u00eancia da turbina isentr\u00f3pica for \u03b7T = 0,91 (91%).\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica Exemplo: Efici\u00eancia isentr\u00f3pica da turbina O processo isentr\u00f3pico \u00e9 um caso especial de processos adiab\u00e1ticos.\u00a0\u00c9 um processo adiab\u00e1tico revers\u00edvel.\u00a0Um processo isentr\u00f3pico tamb\u00e9m pode ser chamado de processo … Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nExemplo: Efici\u00eancia isentr\u00f3pica de turbinas - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Calcule o trabalho realizado por essa turbina e calcule a temperatura real na sa\u00edda da turbina, quando a efici\u00eancia da turbina isentr\u00f3pica for \u03b7T = 0,91 (91%). 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