{"id":48272,"date":"2019-11-09T23:02:39","date_gmt":"2019-11-09T22:02:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/o-que-e-calor-na-termodinamica-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-01-28T14:17:05","modified_gmt":"2020-01-28T13:17:05","slug":"o-que-e-calor-na-termodinamica-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-calor-na-termodinamica-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 calor na termodin\u00e2mica &#8211; defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">Calor \u00e9 a quantidade de energia que flui de um corpo para outro espontaneamente devido \u00e0 diferen\u00e7a de temperatura.\u00a0O calor \u00e9 uma forma de energia, mas \u00e9 energia em tr\u00e2nsito.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Calor na Termodin\u00e2mica<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Zeroth-Law-of-Thermodynamics-heat.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-16452 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Zeroth-Law-of-Thermodynamics-heat-300x158.png\" alt=\"zeroth-lei-da-termodin\u00e2mica-calor\" width=\"300\" height=\"158\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Zeroth-Law-of-Thermodynamics-heat-300x158.png\" \/><\/a>Enquanto\u00a0<strong>energia interna<\/strong>\u00a0se refere \u00e0 energia total de todas as mol\u00e9culas dentro do objeto, o\u00a0<strong>calor<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 a quantidade de energia que\u00a0<strong>flui<\/strong>\u00a0de um corpo para outro espontaneamente devido \u00e0 diferen\u00e7a de temperatura.\u00a0<strong>O calor<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 uma forma de energia, mas \u00e9\u00a0<strong>energia em tr\u00e2nsito<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0O calor n\u00e3o \u00e9 propriedade de um sistema.\u00a0No entanto, a transfer\u00eancia de energia como calor ocorre no n\u00edvel molecular como resultado de uma\u00a0<strong>diferen\u00e7a de temperatura<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p>Considere um\u00a0<strong>bloco de metal<\/strong>\u00a0em alta temperatura, que consiste em \u00e1tomos que oscilam intensamente em torno de suas posi\u00e7\u00f5es m\u00e9dias.\u00a0<strong>A baixas temperaturas<\/strong>\u00a0, os \u00e1tomos continuam a oscilar, mas com\u00a0<strong>menos intensidade<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Se um bloco mais quente de metal \u00e9 colocado em contato com um bloco mais frio, os \u00e1tomos intensamente oscilantes na borda do bloco mais quente emitem sua energia cin\u00e9tica para os \u00e1tomos menos oscilantes na borda do bloco mais frio.\u00a0Nesse caso, h\u00e1\u00a0<strong>transfer\u00eancia de energia<\/strong>\u00a0entre esses dois blocos e o\u00a0<strong>calor flui<\/strong>\u00a0do bloco mais quente para o mais frio por essas vibra\u00e7\u00f5es aleat\u00f3rias.<\/p>\n<p>Em geral, quando dois objetos s\u00e3o colocados em\u00a0<strong>contato t\u00e9rmico<\/strong>\u00a0, o\u00a0<strong>calor flui<\/strong>\u00a0entre eles\u00a0<strong>at\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0que entrem em\u00a0<strong>equil\u00edbrio<\/strong>\u00a0um com o outro.\u00a0Quando\u00a0existe\u00a0uma\u00a0<strong>diferen\u00e7a de temperatura<\/strong>\u00a0, o calor flui espontaneamente\u00a0<strong>do sistema mais quente para o sistema mais frio<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0A transfer\u00eancia de calor ocorre por\u00a0<strong>condu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0ou por\u00a0<strong>radia\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Quando o\u00a0<strong>fluxo de calor p\u00e1ra<\/strong>\u00a0, \u00e9 dito que eles est\u00e3o na\u00a0<strong>mesma temperatura<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Dizem que eles est\u00e3o em\u00a0<a title=\"Equil\u00edbrio t\u00e9rmico\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-temperature-physics\/thermal-equilibrium\/\"><strong>equil\u00edbrio t\u00e9rmico<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p>Como no trabalho, a quantidade de calor transferida\u00a0<strong>depende do caminho<\/strong>\u00a0e n\u00e3o simplesmente das condi\u00e7\u00f5es iniciais e finais do sistema.\u00a0Na verdade, existem muitas maneiras de levar o g\u00e1s do estado i para o estado f.<\/p>\n<p>Al\u00e9m disso, como no trabalho, \u00e9 importante distinguir entre o\u00a0<strong>calor adicionado<\/strong>\u00a0a um sistema do ambiente e o\u00a0<strong>calor removido<\/strong>\u00a0do sistema para o ambiente.\u00a0Q \u00e9 positivo para o calor adicionado ao sistema, portanto, se o calor sai do sistema, Q \u00e9 negativo.\u00a0Como W na equa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 o trabalho realizado pelo sistema, se o trabalho for realizado no sistema, W ser\u00e1 negativo e E\u00a0<sub>int<\/sub>\u00a0aumentar\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>O s\u00edmbolo\u00a0<strong>q<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 usado algumas vezes para indicar o calor adicionado ou removido de um sistema\u00a0<strong>por unidade de massa<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0\u00c9 igual ao calor total (Q) adicionado ou removido dividido pela massa (m).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Capacidade de calor<\/h2>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/specific-heat-capacities-substances.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-16879 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/specific-heat-capacities-substances.png\" alt=\"Tabela de capacidades de calor espec\u00edficas\" width=\"301\" height=\"454\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/specific-heat-capacities-substances.png\" \/><\/a>Diferentes subst\u00e2ncias<\/strong>\u00a0s\u00e3o afetadas em\u00a0<strong>diferentes magnitudes<\/strong>\u00a0pela\u00a0<strong>adi\u00e7\u00e3o de calor<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Quando uma determinada quantidade de calor \u00e9 adicionada a diferentes subst\u00e2ncias, suas temperaturas aumentam em diferentes quantidades.\u00a0Essa\u00a0<strong>constante de proporcionalidade<\/strong>\u00a0entre o\u00a0<strong>calor Q<\/strong>\u00a0que o objeto absorve ou perde e a\u00a0<strong>mudan\u00e7a de temperatura<\/strong>\u00a0resultante\u00a0<strong>T<\/strong>\u00a0do objeto \u00e9 conhecida como\u00a0<strong>capacidade de calor C<\/strong>\u00a0de um objeto.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>C = Q \/ \u0394T<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<p><strong><span>A capacidade de calor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 uma\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Propriedades extensivas e intensivas\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/extensive-and-intensive-properties\/\"><span>propriedade extensiva<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0da mat\u00e9ria, o que significa que \u00e9 proporcional ao tamanho do sistema.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>A capacidade t\u00e9rmica C<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0tem a unidade de energia por grau ou energia por kelvin.\u00a0Ao expressar o mesmo fen\u00f4meno que uma\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Propriedades extensivas e intensivas\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/extensive-and-intensive-properties\/\"><span>propriedade intensiva<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>capacidade de calor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 dividida pela quantidade de subst\u00e2ncia, massa ou volume, portanto, a quantidade \u00e9 independente do tamanho ou extens\u00e3o da amostra.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Capacidade espec\u00edfica de calor<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>A\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>capacidade t\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de uma subst\u00e2ncia por unidade de massa \u00e9 denominada\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>capacidade t\u00e9rmica espec\u00edfica (c\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>p<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0da subst\u00e2ncia.\u00a0O \u00edndice p indica que a capacidade t\u00e9rmica e\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>a capacidade t\u00e9rmica espec\u00edfica se<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0aplicam quando o calor \u00e9 adicionado ou removido\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>a press\u00e3o constante<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span>c\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>p<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= Q \/ m\u0394T<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Capacidade espec\u00edfica de calor<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>No\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Lei do g\u00e1s ideal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/ideal-gas-law\/\"><span>Modelo de G\u00e1s Ideal<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, as\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>propriedades intensivas\u00a0<\/span><em><span>c\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>v<\/span><\/sub><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0e\u00a0<\/span><em><strong><span>c\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>p<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><\/em><span>\u00a0s\u00e3o definidas para subst\u00e2ncias compress\u00edveis puras e simples como derivadas parciais da\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>energia interna\u00a0<\/span><em><span>u (T, v)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0e\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>entalpia\u00a0<\/span><em><span>h (T, p)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0, respectivamente:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Specific-Heat-at-Constant-Volume-and-Constant-Pressure.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16806 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Specific-Heat-at-Constant-Volume-and-Constant-Pressure.png\" alt=\"Calor espec\u00edfico a volume constante e press\u00e3o constante\" width=\"106\" height=\"138\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Specific-Heat-at-Constant-Volume-and-Constant-Pressure.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span>onde os subscritos\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>v<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0e\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>p<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0denotam as vari\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bmantidas fixas durante a diferencia\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0As propriedades\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>c\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>v<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0<\/strong><span>e\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>c\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>p<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0s\u00e3o referidos como\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>calores espec\u00edficos<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(ou\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>capacidades de calor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0), porque, sob determinadas condi\u00e7\u00f5es especiais dizem respeito a mudan\u00e7a de temperatura de um sistema para a quantidade de energia adicionada pela transfer\u00eancia de calor.\u00a0As suas unidades SI s\u00e3o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>J \/ kg K<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0ou\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>J \/ mol K<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Dois aquecimentos espec\u00edficos s\u00e3o definidos para gases, um para\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>volume constante (c\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>v<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0e outro para\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>press\u00e3o constante (c\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>p<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0)<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Molar-specific-heats-ideal-gas.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-16807 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Molar-specific-heats-ideal-gas.png\" alt=\"Calores molares espec\u00edficos - g\u00e1s ideal\" width=\"353\" height=\"251\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Molar-specific-heats-ideal-gas.png\" \/><\/a><span>De acordo com a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>primeira lei da termodin\u00e2mica<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, para processos de volume constante com um g\u00e1s ideal monat\u00f4mico, o calor molar espec\u00edfico ser\u00e1:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span>C\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>v<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= 3 \/ 2R = 12,5 J \/ mol K<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Porque<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span>U = 3 \/ 2nRT<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Pode-se derivar que o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>calor molar espec\u00edfico<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0a press\u00e3o constante \u00e9:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span>C\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>p<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= C\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>v<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0+ R = 5 \/ 2R = 20,8 J \/ mol K<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span>Este\u00a0<\/span><strong><em><span>C\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>p<\/span><\/sub><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 maior do que o calor espec\u00edfico molar a volume constante\u00a0<\/span><strong><em><span>C\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>v<\/span><\/sub><\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0, porque a energia deve agora ser fornecidos\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>n\u00e3o s\u00f3<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0para\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>aumentar a temperatura<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0do g\u00e1s, mas tamb\u00e9m para o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>g\u00e1s de trabalho para fazer<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0porque neste volume caso altera\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Calor latente de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16677\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16677\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Specific-Enthalpy-Water-and-Steam-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16677 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Specific-Enthalpy-Water-and-Steam-min-242x300.png\" alt=\"Calor latente de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o - \u00e1gua a 0,1 MPa, 3 MPa, 16 MPa\" width=\"242\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Specific-Enthalpy-Water-and-Steam-min-242x300.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16677\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>O calor da vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o diminui com o aumento da press\u00e3o, enquanto o ponto de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o aumenta.\u00a0Ele desaparece completamente em um determinado ponto chamado ponto cr\u00edtico.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span>Em geral, quando um material\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>muda de fase<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de s\u00f3lido para l\u00edquido ou de l\u00edquido para g\u00e1s, uma certa quantidade de energia est\u00e1 envolvida nessa mudan\u00e7a de fase.\u00a0No caso de mudan\u00e7a de fase de l\u00edquido para g\u00e1s, essa quantidade de energia \u00e9 conhecida como\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Entalpia de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/what-is-enthalpy\/enthalpy-of-vaporization\/\"><strong><span>entalpia de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0(s\u00edmbolo \u2206H\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>vap<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0; unidade: J), tamb\u00e9m conhecida como\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>calor (latente) de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0ou calor de evapora\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Calor latente \u00e9 a quantidade de calor adicionada ou removida de uma subst\u00e2ncia para produzir uma mudan\u00e7a de fase.\u00a0Essa energia decomp\u00f5e as for\u00e7as atraentes intermoleculares e tamb\u00e9m deve fornecer a energia necess\u00e1ria para expandir o g\u00e1s (o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>trabalho p\u0394V<\/span><\/strong><span>)\u00a0Quando o calor latente \u00e9 adicionado, nenhuma mudan\u00e7a de temperatura ocorre.\u00a0A entalpia da vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o da press\u00e3o na qual essa transforma\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Calor latente de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; \u00e1gua a 0,1 MPa (press\u00e3o atmosf\u00e9rica)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>lg<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= 2257 kJ \/ kg<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Calor latente de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; \u00e1gua a 3 MPa (press\u00e3o dentro de um gerador de vapor)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>lg<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= 1795 kJ \/ kg<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Calor latente de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; \u00e1gua a 16 MPa (press\u00e3o dentro de um\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Pressurizador\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/pressurizer\/\"><span>pressurizador<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>lg<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= 931 kJ \/ kg<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>O\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>calor da vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0diminui com o aumento da press\u00e3o, enquanto o\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Satura\u00e7\u00e3o - Ponto de Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-saturacao-ponto-de-ebulicao-definicao\/\"><span>ponto de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0aumenta.\u00a0Ele desaparece completamente em um determinado ponto chamado\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Ponto Cr\u00edtico da \u00c1gua\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-of-water\/critical-point-of-water\/\"><span>ponto cr\u00edtico<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Acima do ponto cr\u00edtico, as fases l\u00edquida e de vapor s\u00e3o indistingu\u00edveis, e a subst\u00e2ncia \u00e9 chamada de\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Fluido Supercr\u00edtico - \u00c1gua Supercr\u00edtica\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-steam-what-is-steam\/supercritical-fluid-supercritical-water\/\"><span>fluido supercr\u00edtico<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>O calor da vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 o calor necess\u00e1rio para vaporizar completamente uma unidade de\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"L\u00edquido saturado e sub-resfriado\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-steam-what-is-steam\/saturated-and-subcooled-liquid\/\"><span>l\u00edquido saturado<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0(ou condensar uma unidade de massa de vapor saturado) e \u00e9 igual a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>lg<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>g<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0&#8211; h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>l<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>O calor necess\u00e1rio para derreter (ou congelar) uma unidade de massa na subst\u00e2ncia a press\u00e3o constante \u00e9 o calor da fus\u00e3o e \u00e9 igual a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>sl<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0= h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>l<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0&#8211; h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>s<\/span><\/sub><\/strong><span>\u00a0, onde h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>s<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0\u00e9 a entalpia do s\u00f3lido saturado e h\u00a0<\/span><sub><span>l<\/span><\/sub><span>\u00a0\u00e9 a entalpia do l\u00edquido saturado.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16676\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16676\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Phease-Changes-Heat-of-Vaporization-Water-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16676 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Phease-Changes-Heat-of-Vaporization-Water-min-1024x454.png\" alt=\"Mudan\u00e7as de fase - entalpia de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"669\" height=\"297\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Phease-Changes-Heat-of-Vaporization-Water-min-1024x454.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16676\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Calor latente de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; \u00e1gua a 0,1 MPa.\u00a0Parte dominante do calor absorvido.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Calor \u00e9 a quantidade de energia que flui de um corpo para outro espontaneamente devido \u00e0 diferen\u00e7a de temperatura.\u00a0O calor \u00e9 uma forma de energia, mas \u00e9 energia em tr\u00e2nsito.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica Calor na Termodin\u00e2mica Enquanto\u00a0energia interna\u00a0se refere \u00e0 energia total de todas as mol\u00e9culas dentro do objeto, o\u00a0calor\u00a0\u00e9 a quantidade de energia que\u00a0flui\u00a0de um corpo &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 calor na termodin\u00e2mica &#8211; defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-calor-na-termodinamica-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 calor na termodin\u00e2mica &#8211; defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 calor na termodin\u00e2mica - defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Calor \u00e9 a quantidade de energia que flui de um corpo para outro espontaneamente devido \u00e0 diferen\u00e7a de temperatura. 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