{"id":48453,"date":"2019-11-10T18:47:04","date_gmt":"2019-11-10T17:47:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/o-que-e-energia-cinetica-relativistica-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-01-29T13:06:31","modified_gmt":"2020-01-29T12:06:31","slug":"o-que-e-energia-cinetica-relativistica-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-energia-cinetica-relativistica-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 energia cin\u00e9tica relativ\u00edstica – defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00c0 medida que a velocidade de um objeto se aproxima da velocidade da luz, a energia cin\u00e9tica relativista se aproxima do infinito.\u00a0A f\u00f3rmula da energia cin\u00e9tica relativ\u00edstica \u00e9 baseada na rela\u00e7\u00e3o energia-momento relativ\u00edstica.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Energia cin\u00e9tica relativ\u00edstica<\/h2>\n
\"energia<\/a>
\u00c0 medida que a velocidade de um objeto se aproxima da velocidade da luz, a energia cin\u00e9tica relativista se aproxima do infinito.\u00a0\u00c9 causada pelo fator de Lorentz, que se aproxima do infinito para v \u2192 c.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A rela\u00e7\u00e3o anterior entre trabalho e energia cin\u00e9tica \u00e9 baseada nas\u00a0leis do movimento de Newton<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Quando generalizamos essas leis de acordo com o princ\u00edpio da relatividade, precisamos de uma generaliza\u00e7\u00e3o correspondente da equa\u00e7\u00e3o para\u00a0a energia cin\u00e9tica<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Se a velocidade de um objeto \u00e9 pr\u00f3xima da velocidade da luz, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio usar a\u00a0mec\u00e2nica relativ\u00edstica<\/strong>\u00a0para calcular sua\u00a0energia cin\u00e9tica<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

Na\u00a0mec\u00e2nica cl\u00e1ssica<\/strong>\u00a0, energia cin\u00e9tica e momento s\u00e3o expressos como:<\/p>\n

\"momento<\/a><\/p>\n

A deriva\u00e7\u00e3o de suas\u00a0rela\u00e7\u00f5es relativ\u00edsticas<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 baseada na\u00a0rela\u00e7\u00e3o energia-momento\u00a0<\/strong>relativista\u00a0<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"rela\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/p>\n

Pode-se derivar, a\u00a0energia cin\u00e9tica relativ\u00edstica<\/strong>\u00a0e o momento relativ\u00edstico s\u00e3o:<\/p>\n

\"energia<\/a><\/p>\n

O primeiro termo (\u00a0\u0263mc\u00a02<\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0) da\u00a0energia cin\u00e9tica relativ\u00edstica<\/strong>\u00a0aumenta com a velocidade v da part\u00edcula.\u00a0O segundo termo (\u00a0mc\u00a02<\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0) \u00e9 constante;\u00a0\u00e9 chamada de\u00a0energia restante<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0(massa restante) da part\u00edcula e representa uma forma de energia que uma part\u00edcula possui mesmo quando em\u00a0velocidade zero<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0\u00c0 medida que a velocidade de um objeto se aproxima da velocidade da luz, a\u00a0energia cin\u00e9tica se aproxima do infinito<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0\u00c9 causada pelo\u00a0fator de Lorentz<\/strong>\u00a0, que se aproxima do infinito para\u00a0v \u2192 c<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Portanto, a velocidade da luz n\u00e3o pode ser alcan\u00e7ada por part\u00edculas maci\u00e7as.<\/p>\n

O primeiro termo (\u0263mc\u00a02<\/sup>\u00a0) \u00e9 conhecido como\u00a0energia total E<\/strong>\u00a0da part\u00edcula, porque \u00e9 igual \u00e0 energia restante mais a energia cin\u00e9tica:<\/p>\n

E = K + mc\u00a02<\/sup><\/p>\n

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Para uma part\u00edcula em repouso, ou seja, K \u00e9 zero, ent\u00e3o a energia total \u00e9 sua energia de repouso:<\/span><\/p>\n

E = mc\u00a0<\/span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

Este \u00e9 um dos resultados marcantes da\u00a0<\/span>teoria da relatividade de Einstein<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 que\u00a0<\/span>massa e energia s\u00e3o equivalentes e convers\u00edveis<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0um no outro.\u00a0<\/span>A equival\u00eancia<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0entre massa e energia \u00e9 descrita pela famosa f\u00f3rmula de Einstein\u00a0<\/span>E = mc\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>2<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Este resultado foi confirmado experimentalmente in\u00fameras vezes na f\u00edsica de part\u00edculas nuclear e elementar.\u00a0Por exemplo, consulte\u00a0<\/span>Produ\u00e7\u00e3o de pares de p\u00f3sitrons com el\u00e9trons<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ou\u00a0<\/span>conserva\u00e7\u00e3o de energia em rea\u00e7\u00f5es nucleares<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Veja tamb\u00e9m:\u00a0<\/span>Massa relativ\u00edstica<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Exemplo: energia cin\u00e9tica do pr\u00f3ton<\/span><\/h2>\n

\"O<\/a>Um pr\u00f3ton (\u00a0<\/span>m = 1,67 x\u00a0<\/span>10-27<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0) viaja a uma velocidade\u00a0<\/span>v = 0,9900c = 2,968 x 10\u00a0<\/span>8<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0m \/ s<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Qual \u00e9 a sua\u00a0<\/span>energia cin\u00e9tica<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0?<\/span><\/p>\n

De acordo com um c\u00e1lculo cl\u00e1ssico, que n\u00e3o est\u00e1 correto, obter\u00edamos:<\/span><\/p>\n

K = 1 \/ 2mv\u00a0<\/span>2<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0= \u00bd x (1,67 x\u00a0<\/span>10-27<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg) x (2,968 x 10\u00a0<\/span>8<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0m \/ s)\u00a0<\/span>2<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0=\u00a0<\/span>7,355 x 10\u00a0<\/span>-11<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0J<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Com a corre\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<\/span>relativ\u00edstica, a energia cin\u00e9tica relativ\u00edstica<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 igual a:<\/span><\/p>\n

K = (\u0263 – 1) mc\u00a0<\/span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

onde o fator de Lorentz<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0263 = 7.089<\/span><\/p>\n

Portanto<\/span><\/p>\n

K = 6,089 x (1,67 x 10\u00a0<\/span>-27<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg) x (2,9979 x 10\u00a0<\/span>8<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0m \/ s)\u00a0<\/span>2<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0=\u00a0<\/span>9,139 x\u00a0<\/span>10-10<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0J = 5,701 GeV<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Isso \u00e9 cerca de\u00a0<\/span>12 vezes mais<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0energia do que no c\u00e1lculo cl\u00e1ssico.\u00a0De acordo com essa rela\u00e7\u00e3o, a acelera\u00e7\u00e3o de um feixe de pr\u00f3tons para 5,7 GeV requer energias da ordem diferente.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….<\/p>\n

Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 medida que a velocidade de um objeto se aproxima da velocidade da luz, a energia cin\u00e9tica relativista se aproxima do infinito.\u00a0A f\u00f3rmula da energia cin\u00e9tica relativ\u00edstica \u00e9 baseada na rela\u00e7\u00e3o energia-momento relativ\u00edstica.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica Energia cin\u00e9tica relativ\u00edstica \u00c0 medida que a velocidade de um objeto se aproxima da velocidade da luz, a energia cin\u00e9tica relativista … Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nO que \u00e9 energia cin\u00e9tica relativ\u00edstica - defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00c0 medida que a velocidade de um objeto se aproxima da velocidade da luz, a energia cin\u00e9tica relativista se aproxima do infinito. 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