{"id":48533,"date":"2019-11-11T01:13:41","date_gmt":"2019-11-11T00:13:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/o-que-e-o-volume-de-um-atomo-e-nucleo-definicao\/"},"modified":"2019-11-11T01:13:41","modified_gmt":"2019-11-11T00:13:41","slug":"o-que-e-o-volume-de-um-atomo-e-nucleo-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-volume-de-um-atomo-e-nucleo-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 o volume de um \u00e1tomo e n\u00facleo – Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
Volume de um \u00e1tomo e n\u00facleo.\u00a0O volume de um \u00e1tomo \u00e9 cerca de 15 ordens de grandeza maior que o volume de um n\u00facleo.\u00a07,23 \u00d7 10\u221245 m3 para n\u00facleos de hidrog\u00eanio.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n

Volume de um \u00e1tomo e n\u00facleo<\/span><\/h2>\n
\"Estrutura<\/a>
Estrutura da Mat\u00e9ria.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

O \u00e1tomo<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0consiste em um\u00a0<\/span>n\u00facleo<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0pequeno, mas maci\u00e7o,\u00a0cercado por uma nuvem de\u00a0<\/span>el\u00e9trons em<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0movimento r\u00e1pido\u00a0.\u00a0O n\u00facleo \u00e9 composto de\u00a0<\/span>pr\u00f3tons e\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>n\u00eautrons<\/span><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Os raios nucleares t\u00edpicos s\u00e3o da ordem de 10 a\u00a0<\/span>14<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0m.\u00a0Assumindo a forma esf\u00e9rica, os raios nucleares podem ser calculados de acordo com a seguinte f\u00f3rmula:<\/span><\/p>\n

r = r\u00a0<\/span>0<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0.\u00a0A\u00a0<\/span>1\/3<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

onde r\u00a0<\/span>0<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0= 1,2 x 10\u00a0<\/span>-15<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0m = 1,2 fm<\/span><\/p>\n

Se usarmos essa aproxima\u00e7\u00e3o, esperamos, portanto, que o volume do n\u00facleo seja da ordem de 4 \/ 3\u03c0r\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0ou 7,23 \u00d7 10\u00a0<\/span>\u221245<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0para os n\u00facleos de hidrog\u00eanio ou 1721 \u00d7 10\u00a0<\/span>\u221245<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0para os\u00a0n\u00facleos de\u00a0<\/span>238<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0U.\u00a0<\/span><\/a>Estes s\u00e3o volumes de n\u00facleos e os n\u00facleos at\u00f4micos (pr\u00f3tons e n\u00eautrons) cont\u00eam cerca de\u00a0<\/span>99,95%<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0da massa do \u00e1tomo.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
<\/div>\n

Um \u00e1tomo \u00e9 um espa\u00e7o vazio?<\/span><\/h2>\n
\"volume<\/a>
Uma representa\u00e7\u00e3o figurativa do \u00e1tomo de h\u00e9lio-4 com a nuvem de el\u00e9trons em tons de cinza.\u00a0\u00c9 prov\u00e1vel que pr\u00f3tons e n\u00eautrons sejam encontrados exatamente no mesmo espa\u00e7o, no ponto central.\u00a0Fonte wikipedia.org Licen\u00e7a CC BY-SA 3.0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

O volume de um \u00e1tomo<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 cerca de\u00a0<\/span>15 ordens de grandeza\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>maior<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0que o volume de um n\u00facleo.\u00a0Para\u00a0<\/span>o \u00e1tomo de ur\u00e2nio<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, o\u00a0<\/span>raio de Van der Waals<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 de cerca de\u00a0<\/span>186 pm = 1,86 \u00d7\u00a0<\/span>10-10<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0m<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0O raio de Van der Waals, r\u00a0<\/span>w<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0, de um \u00e1tomo \u00e9 o raio de uma esfera imagin\u00e1ria disco que representa a dist\u00e2ncia de aproxima\u00e7\u00e3o mais pr\u00f3xima para um outro \u00e1tomo.\u00a0Assumindo uma forma esf\u00e9rica, o\u00a0\u00e1tomo de\u00a0<\/span>ur\u00e2nio<\/span><\/a>\u00a0tem um volume de cerca de \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>26,9 \u00d7\u00a0<\/span>10-30<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Mas esse espa\u00e7o “enorme” \u00e9 ocupado principalmente por el\u00e9trons, porque o\u00a0<\/span>n\u00facleo<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0ocupa apenas cerca de\u00a0<\/span>1721 \u00d7\u00a0<\/span>10-45<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0m<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0de espa\u00e7o.\u00a0Esses el\u00e9trons juntos pesam apenas uma fra\u00e7\u00e3o (digamos 0,05%) do \u00e1tomo inteiro.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pode parecer que o espa\u00e7o e, de fato, o assunto esteja\u00a0<\/span>vazio<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>mas n\u00e3o est\u00e1<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Devido \u00e0\u00a0<\/span>natureza qu\u00e2ntica dos el\u00e9trons<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, os el\u00e9trons n\u00e3o s\u00e3o part\u00edculas pontuais, s\u00e3o espalhados por todo o \u00e1tomo.\u00a0A descri\u00e7\u00e3o cl\u00e1ssica n\u00e3o pode ser usada para descrever coisas na escala at\u00f4mica.\u00a0Na escala at\u00f4mica, os f\u00edsicos descobriram que a mec\u00e2nica qu\u00e2ntica descreve as coisas muito bem nessa escala.\u00a0Os locais das part\u00edculas na mec\u00e2nica qu\u00e2ntica n\u00e3o est\u00e3o na posi\u00e7\u00e3o exata; s\u00e3o descritos por uma\u00a0<\/span>fun\u00e7\u00e3o de densidade de probabilidade<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Portanto, o espa\u00e7o em um \u00e1tomo (entre el\u00e9trons e um n\u00facleo at\u00f4mico) n\u00e3o est\u00e1 vazio, mas \u00e9 preenchido por uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o de densidade de probabilidade dos el\u00e9trons (geralmente conhecida como \u201c\u00a0<\/span>nuvem de el\u00e9trons<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
<\/div>\n
\n

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….<\/p>\n

Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Volume de um \u00e1tomo e n\u00facleo.\u00a0O volume de um \u00e1tomo \u00e9 cerca de 15 ordens de grandeza maior que o volume de um n\u00facleo.\u00a07,23 \u00d7 10\u221245 m3 para n\u00facleos de hidrog\u00eanio.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica Volume de um \u00e1tomo e n\u00facleo Estrutura da Mat\u00e9ria. O \u00e1tomo\u00a0consiste em um\u00a0n\u00facleo\u00a0pequeno, mas maci\u00e7o,\u00a0cercado por uma nuvem de\u00a0el\u00e9trons em\u00a0movimento r\u00e1pido\u00a0.\u00a0O n\u00facleo \u00e9 … Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nO que \u00e9 o volume de um \u00e1tomo e n\u00facleo - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Volume de um \u00e1tomo e n\u00facleo. O volume de um \u00e1tomo \u00e9 cerca de 15 ordens de grandeza maior que o volume de um n\u00facleo. 7,23 \u00d7 10\u221245 m3 para n\u00facleos de hidrog\u00eanio. Engenharia T\u00e9rmica\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-volume-de-um-atomo-e-nucleo-definicao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O que \u00e9 o volume de um \u00e1tomo e n\u00facleo - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Volume de um \u00e1tomo e n\u00facleo. O volume de um \u00e1tomo \u00e9 cerca de 15 ordens de grandeza maior que o volume de um n\u00facleo. 7,23 \u00d7 10\u221245 m3 para n\u00facleos de hidrog\u00eanio. Engenharia T\u00e9rmica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-volume-de-um-atomo-e-nucleo-definicao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Thermal Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-11T00:13:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Structure-of-Matter-300x132.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nick Connor\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Thermal Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-volume-de-um-atomo-e-nucleo-definicao\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Structure-of-Matter-300x132.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-volume-de-um-atomo-e-nucleo-definicao\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-volume-de-um-atomo-e-nucleo-definicao\/\",\"name\":\"O que \\u00e9 o volume de um \\u00e1tomo e n\\u00facleo - Defini\\u00e7\\u00e3o\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-volume-de-um-atomo-e-nucleo-definicao\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-11-11T00:13:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-11-11T00:13:41+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\"},\"description\":\"Volume de um \\u00e1tomo e n\\u00facleo. O volume de um \\u00e1tomo \\u00e9 cerca de 15 ordens de grandeza maior que o volume de um n\\u00facleo. 7,23 \\u00d7 10\\u221245 m3 para n\\u00facleos de hidrog\\u00eanio. Engenharia T\\u00e9rmica\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-volume-de-um-atomo-e-nucleo-definicao\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\",\"name\":\"Nick Connor\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/84c0dec310b44b65da29dc9df6925239?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Nick Connor\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48533"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48533"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48533\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48533"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48533"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}