{"id":48585,"date":"2019-11-11T05:45:24","date_gmt":"2019-11-11T04:45:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/o-que-e-electronvolt-unidade-ev-unidade-de-energia-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-02-26T13:29:28","modified_gmt":"2020-02-26T12:29:28","slug":"o-que-e-electronvolt-unidade-ev-unidade-de-energia-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-electronvolt-unidade-ev-unidade-de-energia-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 Electronvolt (unidade eV) &#8211; Unidade de energia &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">Volts eletr\u00f4nicos s\u00e3o uma unidade tradicional de energia.\u00a0O el\u00e9tron-volt \u00e9 igual \u00e0 energia obtida por um \u00fanico el\u00e9tron quando \u00e9 acelerado por 1 volt de diferen\u00e7a de potencial el\u00e9trico.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Unidades de energia<\/h2>\n<p><strong>A energia<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 geralmente definida como o potencial de trabalhar ou produzir calor.\u00a0Essa defini\u00e7\u00e3o faz com que a unidade SI para energia seja igual \u00e0 unidade de trabalho &#8211; o\u00a0<strong>joule (J)<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Joule \u00e9 uma unidade derivada de energia e \u00e9 nomeado em homenagem a\u00a0<strong>James Prescott Joule<\/strong>\u00a0e seus experimentos sobre o equivalente mec\u00e2nico do calor.\u00a0Em termos mais fundamentais, 1 joule \u00e9 igual a:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1 J = 1 kg.m\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0\/ s\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Como a energia \u00e9 uma quantidade f\u00edsica fundamental e \u00e9 usada em v\u00e1rios ramos f\u00edsicos e de engenharia, existem muitas\u00a0<strong>unidades de energia<\/strong>\u00a0em f\u00edsica e engenharia.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Joule (unidade J) - Unidade de Energia\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/joule-unit-j-energy-unit\/\">Joule (unidade: J)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Calorias (unidade cal) - Unidade de Energia\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/calorie-unit-cal-energy-unit\/\">Calorias (unidade: cal)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Unidade T\u00e9rmica Brit\u00e2nica (unidade BTU) - Unidade de Energia\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/british-thermal-unit-unit-btu-energy-unit\/\">Unidade t\u00e9rmica Britich (unidade: BTU)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"For\u00e7a em libra-p\u00e9 (unidade ft.lbf) - Unidade de energia\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/foot-pound-force-unit-ft-lbf-energy-unit\/\">For\u00e7a da libra-p\u00e9 (unidade: ft.lbf)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Quilowatt-hora (unidade kWh) - Unidade de Energia\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/kilowatt-hour-unit-kwh-energy-unit\/\">Quilowatt-hora (unidade: kWh)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Megawatt-dia (unidade MWd) - Unidade de Energia\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/megawatt-day-unit-mwd-energy-unit\/\">Megawatt-dia (unidade: MWd)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Electronvolt (unit eV) - Unidade de Energia\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/what-is-energy-physics\/electronvolt-unit-ev-energy-unit\/\">Electronvolt (unidade: eV)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2>Electronvolt (unidade: eV)<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16549\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16549\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/electronvolt-definition-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16549 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/electronvolt-definition-min-188x300.png\" alt=\"Electronvolt - defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"188\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/electronvolt-definition-min-188x300.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16549\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">O el\u00e9tron-volt \u00e9 igual \u00e0 energia obtida por um \u00fanico el\u00e9tron quando \u00e9 acelerado por 1 volt de diferen\u00e7a de potencial el\u00e9trico.\u00a0O trabalho realizado sobre a carga \u00e9 dado pela carga vezes a diferen\u00e7a de tens\u00e3o; portanto, o trabalho W no el\u00e9tron \u00e9: W = qV = (1,6 x 10-19 C) x (1 J \/ C) = 1,6 x 10-19 J .<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Voltagem eletr\u00f4nica (unidade: eV)<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Os eletronvolts s\u00e3o uma unidade tradicional de energia, particularmente na\u00a0<a title=\"F\u00edsica At\u00f4mica e Nuclear\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/\">f\u00edsica at\u00f4mica e nuclear<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0O el\u00e9tron-\u00a0<strong>volt<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 igual \u00e0 energia obtida por um \u00fanico el\u00e9tron quando \u00e9\u00a0<strong>acelerado<\/strong>\u00a0por\u00a0<strong>1 volt<\/strong>\u00a0de\u00a0diferen\u00e7a de\u00a0<strong>potencial el\u00e9trico<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0O trabalho realizado sobre a carga \u00e9 dado pelo tempo de carga da diferen\u00e7a de tens\u00e3o; portanto, o trabalho W no el\u00e9tron \u00e9: W = qV = (1,6 x 10\u00a0<sup>-19<\/sup>\u00a0C) x (1 J \/ C) =\u00a0<strong>1,6 x 10\u00a0<sup>-19<\/sup>\u00a0J<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Como essa unidade \u00e9 muito pequena, \u00e9 mais conveniente usar m\u00faltiplos de volts de el\u00e9tron: quilo-el\u00e9tron-volts (keV), mega-el\u00e9tron-volts (MeV), giga-electronvolts (GeV) e assim por diante.\u00a0Desde Albert Einstein mostrou que<a title=\"Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o de energia de massa - Equival\u00eancia de energia de massa\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/laws-of-conservation\/law-of-conservation-of-energy\/conservation-of-mass-energy-mass-energy-equivalence\/\">massa e energia<\/a>\u00a0s\u00e3o\u00a0<strong>equivalentes e convers\u00edveis<\/strong>\u00a0uma na outra, o volt eletr\u00f4nico tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 uma unidade de massa.\u00a0\u00c9 comum na f\u00edsica de part\u00edculas, onde as unidades de massa e energia s\u00e3o freq\u00fcentemente trocadas, expressar massa em unidades de eV \/ c\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0, onde c \u00e9 a velocidade da luz no v\u00e1cuo (de E = mc\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0).\u00a0Por exemplo, pode-se dizer que o\u00a0<strong>pr\u00f3ton<\/strong>\u00a0tem massa de\u00a0<strong>938,3 MeV<\/strong>\u00a0, embora estritamente falando deva ser\u00a0<strong>938,3 MeV \/ c\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Por outro exemplo, uma\u00a0<a title=\"Aniquila\u00e7\u00e3o de Positrons\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/positron-annihilation-2\/\">aniquila\u00e7\u00e3o el\u00e9tron-p\u00f3sitron<\/a>\u00a0ocorre quando um el\u00e9tron com carga negativa e um p\u00f3sitron com carga positiva (cada um com uma massa de 0,511 MeV \/ c\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup>) colidem.\u00a0Quando um el\u00e9tron e um p\u00f3sitron colidem, eles se aniquilam, resultando na convers\u00e3o completa de sua massa em repouso em energia pura (de acordo com a\u00a0<a title=\"E = mc2 Significado\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/nuclear-energy\/emc2-meaning\/\">f\u00f3rmula\u00a0<\/a><a title=\"E = mc2 Significado\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/nuclear-energy\/emc2-meaning\/\">E = mc\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0) na forma de dois\u00a0<a title=\"Raios gama \/ radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/what-is-gamma-ray-gamma-radiation-definition\/\">raios gama de<\/a>\u00a00,511 MeV\u00a0<a title=\"Raios gama \/ radia\u00e7\u00e3o gama\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/what-is-gamma-ray-gamma-radiation-definition\/\">gama<\/a>\u00a0dirigidos de maneira oposta\u00a0(f\u00f3tons).<\/p>\n<p><strong>e\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/strong><strong>\u00a0+ e\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sup>+<\/sup><\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u2192 \u03b3 + \u03b3 (2x 0,511 MeV)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1 eV = 1,603 x 10\u00a0<sup>-19<\/sup>\u00a0J<\/li>\n<li>1 eV = 3,83 x\u00a0<sup>10-20<\/sup>\u00a0cal<\/li>\n<li>1 eV = 1,52 x\u00a0<sup>10-22<\/sup>\u00a0BTU<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conversion-megawattday-electronvolt-energy-units.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-16546 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conversion-megawattday-electronvolt-energy-units-1024x291.png\" alt=\"convers\u00e3o - megawattday, electronvolt - unidades de energia\" width=\"669\" height=\"190\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/conversion-megawattday-electronvolt-energy-units-1024x291.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Exemplo de Energias em Volts Eletr\u00f4nicos<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"N\u00eautron t\u00e9rmico\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/neutron\/thermal-neutron\/\"><strong>N\u00eautrons t\u00e9rmicos<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0s\u00e3o n\u00eautrons em equil\u00edbrio t\u00e9rmico<strong>\u00a0com um meio ambiente de temperatura 290K (17 \u00b0 C ou 62 \u00b0 F)<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0A energia mais prov\u00e1vel a 17 \u00b0 C (62 \u00b0 F) para a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o Maxwelliana \u00e9 de<strong>\u00a00,025 eV<\/strong>\u00a0(~ 2 km \/ s).<\/li>\n<li>A energia t\u00e9rmica de uma mol\u00e9cula est\u00e1 \u00e0 temperatura ambiente de cerca de\u00a0<strong>0,04 eV<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/li>\n<li>Aproximadamente\u00a0<strong>1 eV<\/strong>\u00a0corresponde a um\u00a0<strong><a title=\"F\u00f3ton - Part\u00edcula Fundamental\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/photon\/\">f\u00f3ton<\/a><\/strong><strong>\u00a0infravermelho<\/strong>\u00a0de comprimento de onda de 1240 nm.<\/li>\n<li>Os f\u00f3tons de luz vis\u00edvel t\u00eam energias na faixa de 1,65 eV (vermelho) &#8211; 3,26 eV (violeta).<\/li>\n<li>A primeira\u00a0<a title=\"O que \u00e9 resson\u00e2ncia nuclear - n\u00facleo composto\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/nuclear-engineering-fundamentals\/neutron-nuclear-reactions\/compound-nucleus-reactions\/what-is-nuclear-resonance-compound-nucleus\/\">resson\u00e2ncia<\/a>\u00a0na\u00a0rea\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0n +\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-fuel\/uranium\/uranium-238\/\"><sup>238<\/sup>\u00a0U<\/a>\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0<strong>6,67 eV<\/strong>\u00a0(energia do n\u00eautron incidente), que corresponde ao primeiro\u00a0<strong>n\u00edvel virtual em\u00a0<\/strong><strong><sup>239<\/sup><\/strong><strong>\u00a0U<\/strong>\u00a0, tem uma largura total de apenas 0,027 eV, e a vida \u00fatil m\u00e9dia desse estado \u00e9 2,4 \u00d7 10\u00a0<sup>-14<\/sup>\u00a0s.<\/li>\n<li>A energia de ioniza\u00e7\u00e3o do hidrog\u00eanio at\u00f4mico \u00e9\u00a0<strong>13,6 eV<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/li>\n<li>O carbono-14 decai no nitrog\u00eanio-14 atrav\u00e9s do\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/ionizing-radiation\/beta-decay\/\">decaimento beta<\/a>\u00a0(decaimento beta puro).\u00a0As\u00a0<a title=\"Part\u00edcula Beta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/beta-particle\/\">part\u00edculas beta<\/a>\u00a0emitidas\u00a0t\u00eam uma energia m\u00e1xima de 156 keV, enquanto sua energia m\u00e9dia ponderada \u00e9 de\u00a0<strong>49 keV<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/li>\n<li>Os f\u00f3tons de raios X m\u00e9dicos para diagn\u00f3stico de alta energia possuem energias cin\u00e9ticas de cerca de\u00a0<strong>200 keV.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>O t\u00e1lio 208,<\/strong>\u00a0que \u00e9 um dos nucl\u00eddeos da\u00a0cadeia de decaimento de\u00a0<a title=\"Ur\u00e2nio 232\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-fuel\/uranium\/uranium-232\/\"><strong><sup>232<\/sup>\u00a0U<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<strong>emite\u00a0<\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/what-is-gamma-ray-gamma-radiation-definition\/\">raios gama<\/a><\/strong><strong>\u00a0de 2,6 MeV, que s\u00e3o muito energ\u00e9ticos e altamente penetrantes.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>A energia cin\u00e9tica t\u00edpica da\u00a0<a title=\"Alpha Particle\" href=\"https:\/\/www.radiation-dosimetry.org\/what-is-alpha-particle-definition\/\"><strong>part\u00edcula alfa<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0do decaimento radioativo \u00e9 de cerca de\u00a0<strong>5 MeV<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0\u00c9 causado pelo mecanismo de sua produ\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A\u00a0<a title=\"Libera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia da fiss\u00e3o\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/fission\/energy-release-from-fission\/\">energia total liberada<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0em um reator \u00e9 de\u00a0<strong>cerca de 210 MeV<\/strong>\u00a0por\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-fuel\/uranium\/uranium-235\/uranium-235-fission\/\">fiss\u00e3o de\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/nuclear-fuel\/uranium\/uranium-235\/uranium-235-fission\/\"><sup>235<\/sup>\u00a0U<\/a>\u00a0, distribu\u00edda conforme mostrado na tabela.\u00a0Em um reator,\u00a0<strong>a energia recuper\u00e1vel m\u00e9dia<\/strong>\u00a0por fiss\u00e3o \u00e9 de\u00a0<strong>cerca de 200 MeV<\/strong>\u00a0, sendo a energia total menos a energia da energia dos\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/antineutrino\/\">antineutrinos<\/a>\u00a0que s\u00e3o irradiados.<\/li>\n<li>O raio c\u00f3smico pode ter energias de\u00a0<strong>1 MeV &#8211; 1000 TeV<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Volts eletr\u00f4nicos s\u00e3o uma unidade tradicional de energia.\u00a0O el\u00e9tron-volt \u00e9 igual \u00e0 energia obtida por um \u00fanico el\u00e9tron quando \u00e9 acelerado por 1 volt de diferen\u00e7a de potencial el\u00e9trico.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica Unidades de energia A energia\u00a0\u00e9 geralmente definida como o potencial de trabalhar ou produzir calor.\u00a0Essa defini\u00e7\u00e3o faz com que a unidade SI para energia seja &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 Electronvolt (unidade eV) &#8211; Unidade de energia &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-electronvolt-unidade-ev-unidade-de-energia-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 Electronvolt (unidade eV) &#8211; Unidade de energia &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 Electronvolt (unidade eV) - Unidade de energia - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Volts eletr\u00f4nicos s\u00e3o uma unidade tradicional de energia. 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