{"id":48653,"date":"2019-11-11T11:18:43","date_gmt":"2019-11-11T10:18:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/o-que-e-a-escala-kelvin-temperatura-absoluta-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-01-29T17:36:09","modified_gmt":"2020-01-29T16:36:09","slug":"o-que-e-a-escala-kelvin-temperatura-absoluta-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-a-escala-kelvin-temperatura-absoluta-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 a escala Kelvin &#8211; Temperatura absoluta &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">Escala Kelvin &#8211; Temperatura Absoluta.\u00a0A escala de temperatura Kelvin \u00e9 a unidade base de medi\u00e7\u00e3o de temperatura termodin\u00e2mica no Sistema Internacional de medi\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Balan\u00e7as de temperatura<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/comparison-temperature-scales-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-16243 alignright lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/comparison-temperature-scales-min.png\" alt=\"Convers\u00e3o de temperatura - Fahrenheit - Celsius\" width=\"400\" height=\"318\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/comparison-temperature-scales-min.png\" \/><\/a>Ao usar um term\u00f4metro, precisamos marcar uma escala na parede do tubo com n\u00fameros.\u00a0Temos que definir uma\u00a0<strong>escala de temperatura<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Uma\u00a0<strong><em>escala de temperatura<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 uma maneira de medir a temperatura em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a um\u00a0<strong>ponto inicial<\/strong>\u00a0(0 ou zero) e uma\u00a0<strong>unidade de medida<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p>Esses n\u00fameros s\u00e3o arbitr\u00e1rios e, historicamente, muitos esquemas diferentes t\u00eam sido usados.\u00a0Por exemplo, isso foi feito definindo algumas ocorr\u00eancias f\u00edsicas em determinadas temperaturas &#8211; como os\u00a0<strong><a title=\"Saturation \u2013 Boiling Point\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-saturacao-ponto-de-ebulicao-definicao\/\">pontos de<\/a><\/strong><strong>\u00a0congelamento<\/strong>\u00a0e\u00a0<strong><a title=\"Satura\u00e7\u00e3o - Ponto de Ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-saturacao-ponto-de-ebulicao-definicao\/\">ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00e1gua<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; e definindo-as como 0 e 100, respectivamente.<\/p>\n<p>Existem v\u00e1rias escalas e unidades para medir a temperatura.\u00a0Os mais comuns s\u00e3o:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Escala Celsius - Temperatura Celsius\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-temperature-physics\/celsius-scale-celsius-temperature\/\">Celsius (indicado em C),<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Escala de Fahrenheit - temperatura de Fahrenheit\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-temperature-physics\/fahrenheit-scale-fahrenheit-temperature\/\">Fahrenheit (indicado como F),<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Escala Kelvin - Temperatura Absoluta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-properties\/what-is-temperature-physics\/kelvin-scale-absolute-temperature\/\">Kelvin (denotado K; especialmente na ci\u00eancia).<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Escala Kelvin &#8211; Temperatura Absoluta<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16244\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16244\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Kelvin-temperature-scale-thermodynamic-scale-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16244 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Kelvin-temperature-scale-thermodynamic-scale-min-300x275.png\" alt=\"Escala de temperatura Kelvin\" width=\"300\" height=\"275\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Kelvin-temperature-scale-thermodynamic-scale-min-300x275.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16244\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A escala de temperatura Kelvin foi determinada com base na escala Celsius, mas com um ponto de partida no zero absoluto.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>A escala de temperatura Kelvin<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 a unidade base da\u00a0medi\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<strong>termodin\u00e2mica de temperatura<\/strong>\u00a0no Sistema Internacional (SI) de medi\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0A\u00a0<strong>escala Kelvin<\/strong>\u00a0foi determinada com base na escala Celsius, mas com um ponto de partida no\u00a0<strong>zero absoluto<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0As temperaturas na escala Kelvin s\u00e3o 273 graus menores que na escala Celsius.\u00a0O kelvin \u00e9 definido como a fra\u00e7\u00e3o 1\u2044273,16 da temperatura termodin\u00e2mica do ponto triplo da \u00e1gua.\u00a0Por acordo internacional, o\u00a0<a title=\"Ponto Triplo da \u00c1gua\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-of-water\/triple-point-of-water\/\"><strong>ponto triplo da \u00e1gua<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0recebeu um valor de\u00a0<strong>273,16 K (0,01 \u00b0 C; 32,02 \u00b0 F)<\/strong>\u00a0e uma press\u00e3o de vapor parcial de\u00a0<strong>611,66 pascal (6,1166 mbar; 0,0060366 atm)<\/strong>.\u00a0Em outras palavras, \u00e9 definido de modo que o ponto triplo da \u00e1gua seja exatamente 273,16 K.<\/p>\n<p><span>Observe que a unidade na escala absoluta \u00e9 Kelvins, n\u00e3o graus Kelvin.\u00a0Foi nomeado em homenagem a Lord Kelvin, que teve muito a ver com o desenvolvimento da medi\u00e7\u00e3o de temperatura e termodin\u00e2mica.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>A\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>escala de temperatura absoluta<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0que corresponde \u00e0 escala Celsius \u00e9 chamada de escala Kelvin (K), e a escala absoluta que corresponde \u00e0 escala Fahrenheit \u00e9 chamada escala Rankine (R).\u00a0Os zero pontos nas duas escalas absolutas representam o mesmo estado f\u00edsico.\u00a0As rela\u00e7\u00f5es entre as escalas de temperatura absoluta e relativa s\u00e3o mostradas nas seguintes equa\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Kelvin &#8211; Celsius<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>K = \u00b0 C + 273,15<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>\u00b0 C = K &#8211; 273,15<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>Rankine &#8211; Fahrenheit<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>R = \u00b0 F + 460<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>\u00b0 F = R &#8211; 460<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong><span>Zero absoluto<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span>Essa escala tem como\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>ponto zero<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0A temperatura te\u00f3rica mais fria \u00e9 chamada\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>zero absoluto<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, na qual o movimento t\u00e9rmico de \u00e1tomos e mol\u00e9culas atinge seu m\u00ednimo.\u00a0Este \u00e9 um estado no qual a entalpia e a entropia de um g\u00e1s ideal resfriado atingem seu valor m\u00ednimo, tomado como 0.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Classicamente<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, esse seria um estado de\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>imobilidade<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, mas\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>a<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0incerteza\u00a0<strong>qu\u00e2ntica<\/strong>\u00a0determina que as part\u00edculas ainda possuem uma\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>energia finita de ponto zero<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>O zero absoluto<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 indicado como 0 K na escala Kelvin,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>-273,15 \u00b0 C<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0na escala Celsius e\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>-459,67 \u00b0 F<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0na escala Fahrenheit.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span>Zero absoluto e terceira lei da termodin\u00e2mica<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>A terceira lei da termodin\u00e2mica declara:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span>A entropia de um sistema se aproxima de um valor constante, \u00e0 medida que a temperatura se aproxima do zero absoluto.<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<span>Com base em evid\u00eancias emp\u00edricas, esta lei afirma que a entropia de uma subst\u00e2ncia cristalina pura \u00e9 zero no zero absoluto da temperatura, 0 K e que \u00e9 imposs\u00edvel por meio de qualquer processo, n\u00e3o importa o ideal, reduzir a temperatura de um sistema para zero absoluto em um n\u00famero finito de etapas.\u00a0Isso nos permite definir um ponto zero para a energia t\u00e9rmica de um corpo.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Escala Kelvin &#8211; Temperatura Absoluta.\u00a0A escala de temperatura Kelvin \u00e9 a unidade base de medi\u00e7\u00e3o de temperatura termodin\u00e2mica no Sistema Internacional de medi\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica Balan\u00e7as de temperatura Ao usar um term\u00f4metro, precisamos marcar uma escala na parede do tubo com n\u00fameros.\u00a0Temos que definir uma\u00a0escala de temperatura\u00a0.\u00a0Uma\u00a0escala de temperatura\u00a0\u00e9 uma maneira de medir a temperatura em &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 a escala Kelvin &#8211; Temperatura absoluta &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-a-escala-kelvin-temperatura-absoluta-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 a escala Kelvin &#8211; Temperatura absoluta &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 a escala Kelvin - Temperatura absoluta - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Escala Kelvin - Temperatura Absoluta. 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