{"id":48813,"date":"2019-11-12T07:37:47","date_gmt":"2019-11-12T06:37:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/o-que-e-o-material-mais-denso-da-terra-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-01-30T13:27:34","modified_gmt":"2020-01-30T12:27:34","slug":"o-que-e-o-material-mais-denso-da-terra-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-material-mais-denso-da-terra-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 o material mais denso da Terra – Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
O material mais denso encontrado na Terra \u00e9 o \u00f3smio met\u00e1lico, mas sua densidade empalidece em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com as densidades de objetos astron\u00f4micos ex\u00f3ticos, como estrelas an\u00e3s brancas e estrelas de n\u00eautrons.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n

Materiais mais densos da Terra<\/h2>\n

Como os\u00a0n\u00facleons<\/strong>\u00a0(\u00a0pr\u00f3tons<\/strong>\u00a0e\u00a0n\u00eautrons<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0) comp\u00f5em a maior parte da massa de \u00e1tomos comuns, a densidade da mat\u00e9ria normal tende a ser limitada pela proximidade com a qual podemos empacotar esses n\u00facleons e depende da estrutura at\u00f4mica interna de uma subst\u00e2ncia.\u00a0O\u00a0material mais denso<\/strong>\u00a0encontrado na Terra \u00e9 o\u00a0\u00f3smio met\u00e1lico<\/strong>\u00a0, mas sua densidade empalidece em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com as densidades de objetos astron\u00f4micos ex\u00f3ticos, como\u00a0estrelas an\u00e3s<\/strong>\u00a0brancas\u00a0e\u00a0estrelas de n\u00eautrons<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

\n
\n

Lista de materiais mais densos:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00d3smio – 22,6 x 10\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/li>\n
  2. Ir\u00eddio – 22,4 x 10\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/li>\n
  3. Platina – 21,5 x 10\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/li>\n
  4. R\u00eanio – 21,0 x 10\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/li>\n
  5. Plut\u00f4nio – 19,8 x 10\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/li>\n
  6. Ouro – 19,3 x 10\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/li>\n
  7. Tungst\u00eanio – 19,3 x 10\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/li>\n
  8. Ur\u00e2nio – 18,8 x 10\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/li>\n
  9. T\u00e2ntalo – 16,6 x 10\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/li>\n
  10. Merc\u00fario – 13,6 x 10\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/li>\n
  11. R\u00f3dio – 12,4 x 10\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/li>\n
  12. T\u00f3rio – 11,7 x 10\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/li>\n
  13. Chumbo – 11,3 x 10\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/li>\n
  14. Prata – 10,5 x 10\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Deve-se notar que o plut\u00f4nio \u00e9 um is\u00f3topo produzido pelo homem e \u00e9 criado a partir de\u00a0<\/span>ur\u00e2nio<\/span><\/a>\u00a0em\u00a0<\/span>reatores nucleares<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Mas, de fato, os cientistas descobriram vest\u00edgios de plut\u00f4nio que ocorre naturalmente.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Se incluirmos elementos feitos pelo homem, o mais denso at\u00e9 agora \u00e9 o\u00a0<\/span>H\u00e1ssio<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span>O h\u00e1ssio<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 um elemento qu\u00edmico com o s\u00edmbolo\u00a0<\/span>Hs<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0e o n\u00famero at\u00f4mico 108. \u00c9 um elemento sint\u00e9tico (sintetizado pela primeira vez em Hasse na Alemanha) e radioativo.\u00a0O is\u00f3topo conhecido mais est\u00e1vel,\u00a0<\/span>269<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Hs<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, tem uma meia-vida de aproximadamente 9,7 segundos.\u00a0Tem uma densidade estimada de\u00a0<\/span>40,7 x 10\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0A densidade do H\u00e1ssio resulta do seu\u00a0<\/span>alto peso at\u00f4mico<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0e da diminui\u00e7\u00e3o significativa nos\u00a0<\/span>raios i\u00f4nicos<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0dos elementos da s\u00e9rie dos lantan\u00eddeos, conhecidos como\u00a0<\/span>contra\u00e7\u00e3o de lantan\u00eddeos e actin\u00eddeos<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

    A densidade de Hassium \u00e9 seguida pelo\u00a0<\/span>Meitnerium<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(elemento 109, nomeado em homenagem \u00e0 f\u00edsica Lise Meitner), que tem uma densidade estimada de\u00a0<\/span>37,4 x 10\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    \n

    Densidade da mat\u00e9ria nuclear<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Densidade nuclear<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 a densidade do n\u00facleo de um \u00e1tomo.\u00a0\u00c9 a raz\u00e3o de massa por unidade de volume dentro do n\u00facleo.\u00a0Como o n\u00facleo at\u00f4mico carrega a maior parte da massa do \u00e1tomo e o n\u00facleo at\u00f4mico \u00e9 muito pequeno em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com o \u00e1tomo inteiro, a densidade nuclear \u00e9 muito alta.<\/span><\/p>\n

    A densidade nuclear de um n\u00facleo t\u00edpico pode ser calculada aproximadamente a partir do tamanho do n\u00facleo e de sua massa.\u00a0<\/span>Os\u00a0<\/span>raios nucleares<\/span><\/a><\/strong>\u00a0t\u00edpicos<\/strong>\u00a0s\u00e3o da ordem de\u00a0<\/span>10 a\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>14<\/span><\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0m<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Assumindo a forma esf\u00e9rica, os raios nucleares podem ser calculados de acordo com a seguinte f\u00f3rmula:<\/span><\/p>\n

    r = r\u00a0<\/span>0<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0.\u00a0A\u00a0<\/span>1\/3<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

    onde r\u00a0<\/span>0<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0= 1,2 x 10\u00a0<\/span>-15<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0m = 1,2 fm<\/span><\/p>\n

    Por exemplo,\u00a0<\/span>o ur\u00e2nio natural<\/span><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0consiste principalmente no is\u00f3topo\u00a0<\/span>238<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0U<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(99,28%), portanto, a massa at\u00f4mica do elemento ur\u00e2nio est\u00e1 pr\u00f3xima da massa at\u00f4mica do\u00a0is\u00f3topo\u00a0<\/span>238<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0U (238,03u).\u00a0O raio deste n\u00facleo ser\u00e1:<\/span><\/p>\n

    r = r\u00a0<\/span>0<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0.\u00a0A\u00a0<\/span>1\/3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0= 7,44 fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Supondo que seja esf\u00e9rico, seu volume ser\u00e1:<\/span><\/p>\n

    V = 4\u03c0r\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\/3 = 1,73 x 10\u00a0<\/span>-42<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

    A defini\u00e7\u00e3o usual de densidade nuclear fornece sua densidade:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u03c1\u00a0<\/span>n\u00facleo<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0= m \/ V = 238 x 1,66 x 10\u00a0<\/span>-27<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\/ (1,73 x 10\u00a0<\/span>-42<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0) =\u00a0<\/span>2,3 x 10\u00a0<\/span>17 de<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0kg \/ m\u00a0<\/span>3<\/span><\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Assim, a densidade do material nuclear \u00e9 mais de 2,10\u00a0<\/span>14<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0vezes maior que a da \u00e1gua.\u00a0\u00c9 uma densidade imensa.\u00a0O termo descritivo\u00a0<\/span>densidade nuclear<\/span><\/em>\u00a0tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 aplicado a situa\u00e7\u00f5es em que densidades similares ocorrem, como dentro de estrelas de n\u00eautrons.\u00a0Tais densidades imensas tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o encontradas nas estrelas de n\u00eautrons.<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….<\/p>\n

    Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    O material mais denso encontrado na Terra \u00e9 o \u00f3smio met\u00e1lico, mas sua densidade empalidece em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com as densidades de objetos astron\u00f4micos ex\u00f3ticos, como estrelas an\u00e3s brancas e estrelas de n\u00eautrons.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica Materiais mais densos da Terra Como os\u00a0n\u00facleons\u00a0(\u00a0pr\u00f3tons\u00a0e\u00a0n\u00eautrons\u00a0) comp\u00f5em a maior parte da massa de \u00e1tomos comuns, a densidade da mat\u00e9ria normal tende … Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nO que \u00e9 o material mais denso da Terra - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O material mais denso encontrado na Terra \u00e9 o \u00f3smio met\u00e1lico, mas sua densidade empalidece em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com as densidades de objetos astron\u00f4micos ex\u00f3ticos, como estrelas an\u00e3s brancas e estrelas de n\u00eautrons. Engenharia T\u00e9rmica\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-material-mais-denso-da-terra-definicao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O que \u00e9 o material mais denso da Terra - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"O material mais denso encontrado na Terra \u00e9 o \u00f3smio met\u00e1lico, mas sua densidade empalidece em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com as densidades de objetos astron\u00f4micos ex\u00f3ticos, como estrelas an\u00e3s brancas e estrelas de n\u00eautrons. Engenharia T\u00e9rmica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-material-mais-denso-da-terra-definicao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Thermal Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-12T06:37:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-01-30T12:27:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nick Connor\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Thermal Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-material-mais-denso-da-terra-definicao\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-material-mais-denso-da-terra-definicao\/\",\"name\":\"O que \\u00e9 o material mais denso da Terra - Defini\\u00e7\\u00e3o\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-11-12T06:37:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-01-30T12:27:34+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\"},\"description\":\"O material mais denso encontrado na Terra \\u00e9 o \\u00f3smio met\\u00e1lico, mas sua densidade empalidece em compara\\u00e7\\u00e3o com as densidades de objetos astron\\u00f4micos ex\\u00f3ticos, como estrelas an\\u00e3s brancas e estrelas de n\\u00eautrons. Engenharia T\\u00e9rmica\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-o-material-mais-denso-da-terra-definicao\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\",\"name\":\"Nick Connor\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/84c0dec310b44b65da29dc9df6925239?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Nick Connor\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48813"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48813"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48813\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}