{"id":48889,"date":"2019-11-12T15:24:31","date_gmt":"2019-11-12T14:24:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/o-que-e-vantagem-e-desafio-dos-scwrs-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-01-31T12:38:27","modified_gmt":"2020-01-31T11:38:27","slug":"o-que-e-vantagem-e-desafio-dos-scwrs-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-vantagem-e-desafio-dos-scwrs-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 vantagem e desafio dos SCWRs &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">Vantagens e desafios dos SCWRs.\u00a0Os projetos do SCWR t\u00eam caracter\u00edsticas \u00fanicas que oferecem muitas vantagens em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com os reatores de \u00e1gua leve atuais (LWRs).\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Vantagens e desafios dos SCWRs<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/supercritical-water-reactor-SCWR-parameters.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-16213 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/supercritical-water-reactor-SCWR-parameters-300x296.png\" alt=\"Caracter\u00edsticas dos SCWRs\" width=\"300\" height=\"296\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/supercritical-water-reactor-SCWR-parameters-300x296.png\" \/><\/a>Como pode ser deduzido de seu nome, a\u00a0principal caracter\u00edstica\u00a0do\u00a0<strong>SCWR<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 o uso de \u00e1gua\u00a0<strong>al\u00e9m do\u00a0<a title=\"Ponto Cr\u00edtico da \u00c1gua\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/materials-nuclear-engineering\/properties-of-water\/critical-point-of-water\/\">ponto cr\u00edtico<\/a><\/strong><strong>\u00a0termodin\u00e2mico<\/strong>\u00a0(T\u00a0<sub>CR<\/sub>\u00a0= 374 \u00b0 C; p\u00a0<sub>CR<\/sub>\u00a0= 22,1 MPa) como refrigerante prim\u00e1rio.\u00a0Os projetos do SCWR t\u00eam caracter\u00edsticas \u00fanicas que oferecem muitas vantagens em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com os reatores de \u00e1gua leve atuais (LWRs).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Alta efici\u00eancia t\u00e9rmica.\u00a0<\/strong>Como os SCWRs fornecem vapor supercr\u00edtico a press\u00f5es e temperaturas muito mais altas do que nas LWRs convencionais, elas alcan\u00e7ar\u00e3o uma efici\u00eancia termodin\u00e2mica mais alta da usina (~ 45% vs. ~ 33% para as LWRs atuais).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Caudal m\u00e1ssico do l\u00edquido de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o mais baixo.\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0A taxa de fluxo de refrigerante do reator do SCWR \u00e9 muito menor que a do\u00a0<a title=\"BWR - Reator de \u00e1gua fervente\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/bwr-boiling-water-reactor\/\">BWR<\/a>\u00a0e do\u00a0<a title=\"PWR - Reator de \u00e1gua pressurizada\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/pwr-pressurized-water-reactor\/\">PWR<\/a>\u00a0porque o\u00a0<strong>aumento<\/strong>\u00a0da\u00a0<strong>entalpia<\/strong>\u00a0no n\u00facleo \u00e9\u00a0<strong>muito maior<\/strong>\u00a0, o que resulta em componentes de baixa capacidade do sistema prim\u00e1rio.\u00a0Assim, as bombas de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o, tubula\u00e7\u00f5es e outros equipamentos de suporte ficam menores.\u00a0Al\u00e9m disso, as \u00fanicas bombas que acionam o l\u00edquido de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o em condi\u00e7\u00f5es operacionais normais s\u00e3o as bombas de \u00e1gua de alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o e as bombas de extra\u00e7\u00e3o de condensado.<\/li>\n<li>A maior entalpia de vapor permite diminuir o tamanho do sistema de turbinas e, assim, reduzir os custos de capital da ilha convencional.<\/li>\n<li>Menor estoque de refrigerante.\u00a0O estoque de refrigerante \u00e9 menor, o que reduz o tamanho da\u00a0<a title=\"Constru\u00e7\u00e3o de conten\u00e7\u00e3o\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-power-plant\/containment-building\/\">conten\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>\u00a0com piscinas de supress\u00e3o de press\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<li>Como a \u00e1gua supercr\u00edtica n\u00e3o sofre uma mudan\u00e7a de fase e existe em uma \u00fanica fase termodin\u00e2mica, a\u00a0<strong>crise de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0(ou seja, sa\u00edda da ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o nucleada &#8211;\u00a0<strong>DNB ou secagem<\/strong>\u00a0)\u00a0<strong>n\u00e3o pode ocorrer<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/li>\n<li>Com um ciclo direto de refrigerante supercr\u00edtico, componentes como secadores a vapor, separadores e geradores de vapor s\u00e3o totalmente omitidos, reduzindo o n\u00famero de componentes principais e eliminando os custos associados.<\/li>\n<li>Muitos dos componentes (por exemplo, turbinas) s\u00e3o prontamente desenvolvidos e disponibilizados por usinas de energia supercr\u00edtica de combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Espera-se que a combina\u00e7\u00e3o de tecnologia avan\u00e7ada de reator resfriado a \u00e1gua e tecnologia avan\u00e7ada de f\u00f3sseis supercr\u00edticos resulte em um conceito de reator que possa ser usado para gerar eletricidade com carga base de maneira econ\u00f4mica e eficiente.\u00a0Esse recurso tamb\u00e9m torna o SCWR um conceito muito atraente para empresas de servi\u00e7os p\u00fablicos, especialmente aqueles que t\u00eam experi\u00eancia com reatores resfriados a \u00e1gua e usinas f\u00f3sseis supercr\u00edticas.<\/p>\n<p>Por outro lado, v\u00e1rios desafios devem ser resolvidos antes que as primeiras usinas desse tipo possam ser constru\u00eddas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Os\u00a0<strong>materiais de revestimento<\/strong>\u00a0precisam suportar temperaturas mais altas (600-650 \u00b0 C em condi\u00e7\u00f5es operacionais normais) do que nas LWRs atuais.<\/li>\n<li>Os fen\u00f4menos de transfer\u00eancia de calor da superf\u00edcie do revestimento para o fluido supercr\u00edtico devem ser bem compreendidos.\u00a0Especialmente no caso de\u00a0<strong>transientes com despressuriza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0de condi\u00e7\u00f5es supercr\u00edticas para subcr\u00edticas.<\/li>\n<li>Devido ao menor estoque de refrigerante, a secagem do n\u00facleo progride mais rapidamente em caso de perda de acidente com o refrigerante (LOCA).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vantagens e desafios dos SCWRs.\u00a0Os projetos do SCWR t\u00eam caracter\u00edsticas \u00fanicas que oferecem muitas vantagens em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com os reatores de \u00e1gua leve atuais (LWRs).\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica Vantagens e desafios dos SCWRs Como pode ser deduzido de seu nome, a\u00a0principal caracter\u00edstica\u00a0do\u00a0SCWR\u00a0\u00e9 o uso de \u00e1gua\u00a0al\u00e9m do\u00a0ponto cr\u00edtico\u00a0termodin\u00e2mico\u00a0(T\u00a0CR\u00a0= 374 \u00b0 C; p\u00a0CR\u00a0= 22,1 MPa) como refrigerante prim\u00e1rio.\u00a0Os &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 vantagem e desafio dos SCWRs &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-vantagem-e-desafio-dos-scwrs-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 vantagem e desafio dos SCWRs &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 vantagem e desafio dos SCWRs - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Vantagens e desafios dos SCWRs. Os projetos SCWR t\u00eam caracter\u00edsticas \u00fanicas que oferecem muitas vantagens em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com os reatores de \u00e1gua leve atuais (LWRs). Engenharia T\u00e9rmica\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-vantagem-e-desafio-dos-scwrs-definicao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O que \u00e9 vantagem e desafio dos SCWRs - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vantagens e desafios dos SCWRs. Os projetos SCWR t\u00eam caracter\u00edsticas \u00fanicas que oferecem muitas vantagens em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com os reatores de \u00e1gua leve atuais (LWRs). Engenharia T\u00e9rmica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-vantagem-e-desafio-dos-scwrs-definicao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Thermal Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-12T14:24:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-01-31T11:38:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/supercritical-water-reactor-SCWR-parameters-300x296.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nick Connor\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Thermal Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-vantagem-e-desafio-dos-scwrs-definicao\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/supercritical-water-reactor-SCWR-parameters-300x296.png\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-vantagem-e-desafio-dos-scwrs-definicao\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-vantagem-e-desafio-dos-scwrs-definicao\/\",\"name\":\"O que \\u00e9 vantagem e desafio dos SCWRs - Defini\\u00e7\\u00e3o\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-vantagem-e-desafio-dos-scwrs-definicao\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-11-12T14:24:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-01-31T11:38:27+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\"},\"description\":\"Vantagens e desafios dos SCWRs. Os projetos SCWR t\\u00eam caracter\\u00edsticas \\u00fanicas que oferecem muitas vantagens em compara\\u00e7\\u00e3o com os reatores de \\u00e1gua leve atuais (LWRs). Engenharia T\\u00e9rmica\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-vantagem-e-desafio-dos-scwrs-definicao\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\",\"name\":\"Nick Connor\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/84c0dec310b44b65da29dc9df6925239?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Nick Connor\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48889"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48889"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48889\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48889"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48889"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}