{"id":51249,"date":"2020-01-25T09:41:24","date_gmt":"2020-01-25T08:41:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/o-que-e-turbina-de-impulso-e-turbina-de-reacao-definicao\/"},"modified":"2020-01-25T09:42:49","modified_gmt":"2020-01-25T08:42:49","slug":"o-que-e-turbina-de-impulso-e-turbina-de-reacao-definicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-turbina-de-impulso-e-turbina-de-reacao-definicao\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 turbina de acci\u00f3n e turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-quote su-quote-style-default\">\n<div class=\"su-quote-inner su-clearfix\">Existem dois tipos b\u00e1sicos de turbinas a vapor: as turbinas de impulso e as turbinas de rea\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0A principal distin\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 a maneira pela qual o vapor \u00e9 expandido atrav\u00e9s da turbina.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2>Turbina de impulso e turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine-types.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-17901 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine-types-300x194.png\" alt=\"Turbina a vapor - tipos\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine-types-300x194.png\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>As turbinas a vapor<\/strong>\u00a0podem ser classificadas em diferentes categorias, dependendo de sua constru\u00e7\u00e3o, press\u00e3o de trabalho, tamanho e muitos outros par\u00e2metros.\u00a0Mas existem dois tipos b\u00e1sicos de turbinas a vapor:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>turbinas de impulso<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>turbinas de rea\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A principal distin\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 a maneira pela qual o vapor \u00e9 expandido \u00e0 medida que passa pela turbina.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Turbina de impulso e turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Os tipos de turbinas a vapor baseadas na geometria da l\u00e2mina e no processo de convers\u00e3o de energia s\u00e3o turbinas de impulso e turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine-Types-of-Turbine.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17891 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine-Types-of-Turbine.png\" alt=\"Turbina a Vapor - Tipos de Turbina\" width=\"909\" height=\"281\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine-Types-of-Turbine.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2><span>Turbina de impulso<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-17900 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine-300x209.png\" alt=\"Turbina a vapor\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Steam-Turbine-300x209.png\" \/><\/a><span>A\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>turbina de acci\u00f3n<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 composta por\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>p\u00e1s m\u00f3veis que se<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0alternam com\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>bicos fixos<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Na turbina de acci\u00f3n, o vapor \u00e9 expandido em bicos fixos e permanece sob press\u00e3o constante ao passar sobre as p\u00e1s.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>Turbina Curtis<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0,\u00a0<strong>turbina\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><strong><span>Rateau<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0ou\u00a0<strong>turbina\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><strong><span>Brown-Curtis<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0s\u00e3o turbinas do tipo impulso.\u00a0A turbina a vapor original, a De Laval, era uma turbina de acci\u00f3n com uma roda de l\u00e2mina \u00fanica.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Toda a queda de press\u00e3o do vapor ocorre apenas nos bicos estacion\u00e1rios.\u00a0Embora as l\u00e2minas de impulso te\u00f3rico tenham queda de press\u00e3o zero nas l\u00e2minas m\u00f3veis, praticamente, para que o fluxo ocorra atrav\u00e9s das l\u00e2minas m\u00f3veis, deve haver tamb\u00e9m uma pequena queda de press\u00e3o nas l\u00e2minas m\u00f3veis.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17886\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17886\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Impulse-vs-Reaction-Turbine-comparison.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-17886 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Impulse-vs-Reaction-Turbine-comparison-238x300.png\" alt=\"Impulso vs Turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o - compara\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"238\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Impulse-vs-Reaction-Turbine-comparison-238x300.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17886\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>Impulso vs Turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; compara\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span>Nas turbinas de impulso, o vapor se expande atrav\u00e9s do bico, onde a maior parte da energia potencial de press\u00e3o \u00e9 convertida em energia cin\u00e9tica.\u00a0O\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>vapor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0de\u00a0<strong>alta velocidade<\/strong>\u00a0dos bicos fixos\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>afeta as p\u00e1s<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>muda de dire\u00e7\u00e3o e<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, por sua vez,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>aplica uma for\u00e7a<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0O\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>impulso resultante<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0impulsiona as p\u00e1s para a frente, fazendo com que o rotor gire.\u00a0A principal caracter\u00edstica dessas turbinas \u00e9 que a queda de press\u00e3o por est\u00e1gio \u00fanico pode ser bastante grande, permitindo p\u00e1s grandes e um n\u00famero menor de est\u00e1gios.\u00a0Exceto para aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de baixa pot\u00eancia, as p\u00e1s da turbina s\u00e3o dispostas em v\u00e1rios est\u00e1gios em s\u00e9rie, chamadas de composi\u00e7\u00e3o, o que melhora muito a efici\u00eancia em baixas velocidades.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>As turbinas a vapor modernas freq\u00fcentemente empregam rea\u00e7\u00e3o e impulso na mesma unidade, tipicamente variando o grau de rea\u00e7\u00e3o e impulso da raiz da l\u00e2mina at\u00e9 sua periferia.\u00a0As p\u00e1s do rotor s\u00e3o geralmente projetadas como uma l\u00e2mina de impulso na podrid\u00e3o e como uma l\u00e2mina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o na ponta.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17883\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17883\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Turbine-Blade-Impulse-and-Reaction.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17883 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Turbine-Blade-Impulse-and-Reaction.png\" alt=\"L\u00e2mina da turbina - impulso e rea\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"446\" height=\"116\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Turbine-Blade-Impulse-and-Reaction.png\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17883\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span>L\u00e2mina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o a impulso<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span>Como os est\u00e1gios de Curtis reduzem significativamente a press\u00e3o e a temperatura do fluido para um n\u00edvel moderado, com uma alta propor\u00e7\u00e3o de trabalho por est\u00e1gio.\u00a0Um arranjo usual \u00e9 fornecer no lado de alta press\u00e3o um ou mais est\u00e1gios de Curtis, seguidos de Rateau ou estadiamento da rea\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0Em geral, quando o atrito \u00e9 levado em considera\u00e7\u00e3o, os est\u00e1gios de rea\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o considerados os mais eficientes, seguidos por Rateau e Curtis nessa ordem.\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Perda de Cabe\u00e7a Maior - Perda de Fric\u00e7\u00e3o\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/fluid-dynamics\/major-head-loss-friction-loss\/\"><span>As perdas por atrito<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0s\u00e3o significativas para os est\u00e1gios de Curtis, pois s\u00e3o proporcionais \u00e0 velocidade do vapor ao quadrado.\u00a0A raz\u00e3o pela qual as perdas por atrito s\u00e3o menos significativas no est\u00e1gio da rea\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 no fato de o vapor se expandir continuamente e, portanto, as velocidades de fluxo serem mais baixas.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights  lgc-first lgc-last\">\n<div class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<div class=\"su-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2><span>Turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; turbina Parsons<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Reaction-Turbine-schema.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-17887 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Reaction-Turbine-schema.png\" alt=\"Turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o - esquema\" width=\"209\" height=\"527\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Reaction-Turbine-schema.png\" \/><\/a><span>A\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0\u00e9 composta de\u00a0p\u00e1s\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>m\u00f3veis<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0(\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>bicos<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0) alternando com\u00a0<strong>bicos\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><strong><span>fixos<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<span>.\u00a0Na turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o, o vapor \u00e9 expandido em bicos fixos e tamb\u00e9m nos bicos m\u00f3veis.\u00a0Em outras palavras, o\u00a0<strong>vapor est\u00e1 se expandindo continuamente \u00e0<\/strong>\u00a0medida que flui sobre as p\u00e1s.\u00a0H\u00e1 perda de press\u00e3o e velocidade nas p\u00e1s m\u00f3veis.\u00a0As p\u00e1s m\u00f3veis t\u00eam um bico de vapor convergente.\u00a0Portanto, quando o vapor passa pelas l\u00e2minas fixas, ele se expande com a diminui\u00e7\u00e3o da press\u00e3o do vapor e o aumento da energia cin\u00e9tica.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Nas turbinas de rea\u00e7\u00e3o, o vapor se expande atrav\u00e9s do bico fixo, onde a energia potencial de press\u00e3o \u00e9 convertida em energia cin\u00e9tica.\u00a0O vapor de alta velocidade dos bicos fixos afeta as p\u00e1s (bicos), muda de dire\u00e7\u00e3o e passa por uma\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>expans\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0maior\u00a0\u00a0.\u00a0A\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>mudan\u00e7a de dire\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0e a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>acelera\u00e7\u00e3o da equipe<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0s\u00a0aplicam uma for\u00e7a.\u00a0O impulso resultante impulsiona as p\u00e1s para a frente, fazendo com que o rotor gire.\u00a0N\u00e3o h\u00e1 mudan\u00e7a l\u00edquida na velocidade do vapor no palco, mas com uma diminui\u00e7\u00e3o na press\u00e3o e na temperatura, refletindo o trabalho realizado no acionamento do rotor.\u00a0Nesse tipo de turbina, as quedas de press\u00e3o ocorrem em v\u00e1rios est\u00e1gios, porque a queda de press\u00e3o em um \u00fanico est\u00e1gio \u00e9 limitada.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>A principal caracter\u00edstica desse tipo de turbina \u00e9 que, ao contr\u00e1rio da turbina de acci\u00f3n, a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>queda de press\u00e3o por est\u00e1gio \u00e9 menor<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, de modo que as p\u00e1s se tornam menores e o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>n\u00famero de est\u00e1gios aumenta<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Por outro lado, as turbinas de rea\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o geralmente mais eficientes, ou seja, t\u00eam maior\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Efici\u00eancia isentr\u00f3pica - Turbina \/ Compressor \/ Bocal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclear-power.com\/nuclear-engineering\/thermodynamics\/thermodynamic-processes\/isentropic-process\/isentropic-efficiency-turbinecompressornozzle\/\"><strong><em><span>&#8220;efici\u00eancia da turbina isentr\u00f3pica&#8221;<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0A turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o foi inventada por Sir Charles Parsons e \u00e9 conhecida como turbina de Parsons.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>No caso de turbinas a vapor, como as que seriam usadas para gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade, uma\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0exigiria aproximadamente o\u00a0<\/span><strong><span>dobro do n\u00famero de linhas de p\u00e1s<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0como uma turbina de acci\u00f3n, para o mesmo grau de convers\u00e3o de energia t\u00e9rmica.\u00a0Embora isso torne a turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o muito mais longa e pesada, a efici\u00eancia geral de uma turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 ligeiramente maior que a turbina de acci\u00f3n equivalente para a mesma convers\u00e3o de energia t\u00e9rmica.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>As turbinas a vapor modernas freq\u00fcentemente empregam rea\u00e7\u00e3o e impulso na mesma unidade, tipicamente variando o grau de rea\u00e7\u00e3o e impulso da raiz da l\u00e2mina at\u00e9 sua periferia.\u00a0As p\u00e1s do rotor s\u00e3o geralmente projetadas como uma l\u00e2mina de impulso na podrid\u00e3o e como uma l\u00e2mina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o na ponta.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Turbine-Blade-Impulse-and-Reaction.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17883 lazy-loaded\" src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Turbine-Blade-Impulse-and-Reaction.png\" alt=\"L\u00e2mina da turbina - impulso e rea\u00e7\u00e3o\" width=\"446\" height=\"116\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Turbine-Blade-Impulse-and-Reaction.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Este artigo \u00e9 baseado na tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica do artigo original em ingl\u00eas. Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es, consulte o artigo em ingl\u00eas. Voc\u00ea pode nos ajudar. Se voc\u00ea deseja corrigir a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, envie-a para: translations@nuclear-power.com ou preencha o formul\u00e1rio de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o on-line. Agradecemos sua ajuda, atualizaremos a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o o mais r\u00e1pido poss\u00edvel. Obrigado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Existem dois tipos b\u00e1sicos de turbinas a vapor: as turbinas de impulso e as turbinas de rea\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0A principal distin\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 a maneira pela qual o vapor \u00e9 expandido atrav\u00e9s da turbina.\u00a0Engenharia T\u00e9rmica Turbina de impulso e turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o As turbinas a vapor\u00a0podem ser classificadas em diferentes categorias, dependendo de sua constru\u00e7\u00e3o, press\u00e3o de trabalho, &#8230; <a title=\"O que \u00e9 turbina de acci\u00f3n e turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-turbina-de-impulso-e-turbina-de-reacao-definicao\/\" aria-label=\"More on O que \u00e9 turbina de acci\u00f3n e turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o &#8211; Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\">Ler mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O que \u00e9 turbina de impulso e turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Existem dois tipos b\u00e1sicos de turbinas a vapor: as turbinas de impulso e as turbinas de rea\u00e7\u00e3o. A principal distin\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 a maneira pela qual o vapor \u00e9 expandido atrav\u00e9s da turbina. Engenharia T\u00e9rmica\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/pt-br\/o-que-e-turbina-de-impulso-e-turbina-de-reacao-definicao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O que \u00e9 turbina de impulso e turbina de rea\u00e7\u00e3o - Defini\u00e7\u00e3o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Existem dois tipos b\u00e1sicos de turbinas a vapor: as turbinas de impulso e as turbinas de rea\u00e7\u00e3o. A principal distin\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 a maneira pela qual o vapor \u00e9 expandido atrav\u00e9s da turbina. 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