{"id":672874,"date":"2024-07-19T11:25:20","date_gmt":"2024-07-19T10:25:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=672874"},"modified":"2024-07-19T11:25:20","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T10:25:20","slug":"cac-phuong-phap-lam-mat-tien-tien-cho-lo-phan-ung-hat-nhan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cac-phuong-phap-lam-mat-tien-tien-cho-lo-phan-ung-hat-nhan\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0m m\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cac_phuong_phap_lam_mat_tien_tien_cho_lo_phan_ung_hat_nhan.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p L\u00e0m M\u00e1t Ti\u00ean Ti\u1ebfn Cho L\u00f2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng H\u1ea1t Nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n<p>L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n<h2>1. L\u00e0m M\u00e1t B\u1eb1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n<p>L\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay, chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>N\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c1p L\u1ef1c Cao:<\/b> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c (PWR &#8211; Pressurized Water Reactor). N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao, gi\u00fap n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng s\u00f4i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n<li><b>N\u01b0\u1edbc S\u00f4i:<\/b> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i (BWR &#8211; Boiling Water Reactor). Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng PWR, n\u01b0\u1edbc trong BWR s\u00f4i th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 quay c\u00e1c tuabin ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. L\u00e0m M\u00e1t B\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng Kim Lo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n<p>Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kim lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 natri (Na) ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ec-bismut (Pb-Bi), c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t cao v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bao quanh.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ed5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>3. L\u00e0m M\u00e1t B\u1eb1ng Kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>L\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed, th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng helium (He) ho\u1eb7c carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2<\/sub>), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 v\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ee7i ro ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5.<\/li>\n<li>Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng cao nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. L\u00e0m M\u00e1t B\u1eb1ng Mu\u1ed1i N\u00f3ng Ch\u1ea3y<\/h2>\n<p>Mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, nh\u01b0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p fluoride ho\u1eb7c chloride, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. Nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn 700-800\u00b0C.<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng L\u00e0m M\u00e1t Th\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>L\u00f2 AHR (Advanced Heavy Water Reactor):<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb7ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u01a1m.<\/li>\n<li><b>L\u00f2 AP1000:<\/b> \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111ang l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0m m\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0m 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