{"id":673026,"date":"2024-10-04T11:37:24","date_gmt":"2024-10-04T10:37:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=673026"},"modified":"2024-10-04T11:37:24","modified_gmt":"2024-10-04T10:37:24","slug":"cach-bo-tich-ap-thuy-luc-luu-tru-nang-luong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-bo-tich-ap-thuy-luc-luu-tru-nang-luong\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cach_bo_tich_ap_thuy_luc_luu_tru_nang_luong.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c, gi\u00fap l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e9n v\u00e0 kh\u00ed:<\/strong> B\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh: ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c) v\u00e0 kh\u00ed (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nit\u01a1). Kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t piston.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Khi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd n\u00e9n kh\u00ed l\u1ea1i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed n\u00e9n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi c\u1ea7n x\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00ed n\u00e9n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ra ngo\u00e0i, cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ee9c th\u00ec cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p ki\u1ec3u m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n (Bladder Accumulator):<\/strong> Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Khi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e9n v\u00e0o, m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n s\u1ebd n\u00e9n kh\u00ed l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p ki\u1ec3u piston (Piston Accumulator):<\/strong> Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t piston \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Piston di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 do trong xi lanh, n\u00e9n kh\u00ed khi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c khi c\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p ki\u1ec3u t\u00fai (Diaphragm Accumulator):<\/strong> Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng t\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p ki\u1ec3u m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> B\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p gi\u00fap l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u01a1m v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t:<\/strong> B\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ed1c \u00e1p v\u00e0 rung l\u1eafc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi:<\/strong> Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ea3i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, b\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ee9c th\u00ec m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i b\u01a1m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/h2>\n<p>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong b\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau:<\/p>\n<p>\n\\[ E = \\frac{1}{2} \\times P_{initial} \\times V \\times (1 &#8211; \\left( \\frac{P_{final}}{P_{initial}} \\right)^{\\frac{\\gamma &#8211; 1}{\\gamma}}) \\]\n<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\( E \\) &#8211; n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (Joules)<\/li>\n<li>\\( P_{initial} \\) &#8211; \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u (Pa)<\/li>\n<li>\\{ V \\) &#8211; th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e9n (m\u00b3)<\/li>\n<li>\\( P_{final} \\) &#8211; \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cu\u1ed1i (Pa)<\/li>\n<li>\\( \\gamma \\) &#8211; ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 adiabatic (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1.4 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00ed Nit\u01a1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 t\u00edch \u00e1p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/title>\n<meta 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