{"id":673140,"date":"2024-08-04T19:21:31","date_gmt":"2024-08-04T18:21:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=673140"},"modified":"2024-08-04T19:21:31","modified_gmt":"2024-08-04T18:21:31","slug":"cach-bo-gian-no-tao-ra-dien-nang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-bo-gian-no-tao-ra-dien-nang\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n

B\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc (thermal engineering), \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n

B\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc Carnot v\u00e0 Rankine. C\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. C\u00f4ng n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng trong n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao.<\/li>\n
  • H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao \u0111i qua b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 quay m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
  • H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chu tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

    Khi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i qua b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, n\u00f3 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m quay c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

    W<\/i>cyc<\/sub> = H<\/i>1<\/sub> – H<\/i>2<\/sub><\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • W<\/i>cyc<\/sub>: C\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh<\/li>\n
  • H<\/i>1<\/sub>: Enthalpy c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf<\/li>\n
  • H<\/i>2<\/sub>: Enthalpy c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n

    C\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c quay th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ra l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

    P<\/i> = W<\/i> * n<\/i><\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • P<\/i>: C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n
  • W<\/i>: C\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n
  • n<\/i>: Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

    B\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng t\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

    Qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. B\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-bo-gian-no-tao-ra-dien-nang\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-bo-gian-no-tao-ra-dien-nang\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" 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