{"id":673235,"date":"2024-09-30T09:05:19","date_gmt":"2024-09-30T08:05:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=673235"},"modified":"2024-09-30T09:05:19","modified_gmt":"2024-09-30T08:05:19","slug":"cach-tau-canh-ngam-giam-luc-can","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-tau-canh-ngam-giam-luc-can\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch t\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">C\u00e1ch t\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u00fap t\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cach_tau_canh_ngam_giam_luc_can.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1ch t\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch t\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1eady c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o gi\u00fap t\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 di chuy\u1ec3n?<\/p>\n<h2>1. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m (hydrofoil) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng th\u00e2n t\u00e0u l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. Khi t\u00e0u di chuy\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng th\u00f4ng qua hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Bernoulli, gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n t\u00e0u l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>2. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t ch\u00ednh gi\u00fap t\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. L\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n g\u1ed3m hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh: l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n do \u00e1p su\u1ea5t (form drag) v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n do ma s\u00e1t (friction drag).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>L\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n do \u00e1p su\u1ea5t:<\/b> Khi t\u00e0u c\u00e0ng n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3m, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n do \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u00e0u di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><b>L\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n do ma s\u00e1t:<\/b> Ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e0u gi\u1ea3m khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m m\u1ecfng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c c\u00e1nh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00e1 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb5n, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng (L) v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n (D) qua c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>L\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng:<\/b> L = \\(\\frac{1}{2}\\) * \u03c1 * V<sup>2<\/sup> * A * C<sub>L<\/sub><\/li>\n<li><b>L\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n:<\/b> D = \\(\\frac{1}{2}\\) * \u03c1 * V<sup>2<\/sup> * A * C<sub>D<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3, \u03c1 (rho) l\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, V l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c, A l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, C<sub>L<\/sub> l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng, v\u00e0 C<sub>D<\/sub> l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n. Khi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc (A) gi\u1ea3m, l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n (D) c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m theo.<\/p>\n<h2>3. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 t\u00e0u v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, t\u00e0u du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. V\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c t\u00e0u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00fa v\u1ecb n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u1ee3i m\u1edf cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u1eb1m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1ch t\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u00fap t\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1ch t\u00e0u c\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1ch 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