{"id":673450,"date":"2024-11-24T02:34:24","date_gmt":"2024-11-24T01:34:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=673450"},"modified":"2024-11-24T02:34:24","modified_gmt":"2024-11-24T01:34:24","slug":"cac-qua-trinh-doan-nhiet-lam-mat-ma-khong-can-nang-luong-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cac-qua-trinh-doan-nhiet-lam-mat-ma-khong-can-nang-luong-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cac_qua_trinh_doan_nhiet_lam_mat_ma_khong_can_nang_luong_nhu_the_nao.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n<p>Trong nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t (adiabatic processes) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi kh\u00ed n\u00e9n ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e3n n\u1edf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule-Thomson:<\/b> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t. Khi kh\u00ed \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t van ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao sang v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><b>L\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e3n n\u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed:<\/b> Trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00e9n t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng gian cabin. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u00e1p su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><b>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t do h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/b> Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng sang th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed (b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i), n\u00f3 s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea9y ra ngo\u00e0i. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed gi\u1ea3m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t: \\(T_1 V_1^{\\gamma-1} = T_2 V_2^{\\gamma-1}\\)<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t: \\(T_2 = T_1 (\\frac{V_1}{V_2})^{\\gamma-1}\\)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\\(T_1\\) v\u00e0 \\(T_2\\) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 sau khi gi\u00e3n n\u1edf.<\/li>\n<li>\\(V_1\\) v\u00e0 \\(V_2\\) l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch sau khi gi\u00e3n n\u1edf.<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\gamma\\) l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed. V\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \\(\\gamma\\) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1.4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. T\u1eeb hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule-Thomson \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cac-qua-trinh-doan-nhiet-lam-mat-ma-khong-can-nang-luong-nhu-the-nao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cac-qua-trinh-doan-nhiet-lam-mat-ma-khong-can-nang-luong-nhu-the-nao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Thermal Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-24T01:34:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cac_qua_trinh_doan_nhiet_lam_mat_ma_khong_can_nang_luong_nhu_the_nao.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nick Connor\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Thermal Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cac-qua-trinh-doan-nhiet-lam-mat-ma-khong-can-nang-luong-nhu-the-nao\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cac_qua_trinh_doan_nhiet_lam_mat_ma_khong_can_nang_luong_nhu_the_nao.png\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":1000,\"caption\":\"C\\u00e1c qu\\u00e1 tr\\u00ecnh \\u0111o\\u1ea1n nhi\\u1ec7t l\\u00e0m m\\u00e1t m\\u00e0 kh\\u00f4ng c\\u1ea7n n\\u0103ng l\\u01b0\\u1ee3ng nh\\u01b0 th\\u1ebf n\\u00e0o\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cac-qua-trinh-doan-nhiet-lam-mat-ma-khong-can-nang-luong-nhu-the-nao\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cac-qua-trinh-doan-nhiet-lam-mat-ma-khong-can-nang-luong-nhu-the-nao\/\",\"name\":\"C\\u00e1c qu\\u00e1 tr\\u00ecnh \\u0111o\\u1ea1n nhi\\u1ec7t l\\u00e0m m\\u00e1t m\\u00e0 kh\\u00f4ng c\\u1ea7n n\\u0103ng l\\u01b0\\u1ee3ng nh\\u01b0 th\\u1ebf n\\u00e0o\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cac-qua-trinh-doan-nhiet-lam-mat-ma-khong-can-nang-luong-nhu-the-nao\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-24T01:34:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-24T01:34:24+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\"},\"description\":\"C\\u00e1c qu\\u00e1 tr\\u00ecnh \\u0111o\\u1ea1n nhi\\u1ec7t l\\u00e0m m\\u00e1t m\\u00e0 kh\\u00f4ng c\\u1ea7n n\\u0103ng l\\u01b0\\u1ee3ng: Gi\\u1edbi thi\\u1ec7u c\\u01a1 ch\\u1ebf v\\u00e0 v\\u00ed d\\u1ee5 th\\u1ef1c t\\u1ebf v\\u1ec1 l\\u00e0m m\\u00e1t kh\\u00f4ng c\\u1ea7n n\\u0103ng l\\u01b0\\u1ee3ng.\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cac-qua-trinh-doan-nhiet-lam-mat-ma-khong-can-nang-luong-nhu-the-nao\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\",\"name\":\"Nick Connor\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/84c0dec310b44b65da29dc9df6925239?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Nick Connor\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/673450"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=673450"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/673450\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=673450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=673450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=673450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}