{"id":673855,"date":"2024-10-05T12:51:14","date_gmt":"2024-10-05T11:51:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=673855"},"modified":"2024-10-05T12:51:14","modified_gmt":"2024-10-05T11:51:14","slug":"cach-bo-trao-doi-nhiet-toi-uu-hoa-viec-su-dung-nang-luong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-bo-trao-doi-nhiet-toi-uu-hoa-viec-su-dung-nang-luong\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cach_bo_trao_doi_nhiet_toi_uu_hoa_viec_su_dung_nang_luong.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>Trong ng\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t (heat exchanger) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y sang m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn, b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0 m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa hai m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t. Khi hai l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trung gian, nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng h\u01a1n sang ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng (Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger)<\/strong>: Bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ecf l\u1edbn. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh ch\u1ea3y qua c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m (Plate Heat Exchanger)<\/strong>: G\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ch\u1ea3y qua c\u00e1c khe gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>B\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed (Air Heat Exchanger)<\/strong>: D\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c gia nhi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed9t l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: Gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO<sub>2<\/sub> ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, ta d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t:<\/p>\n<p>Q = U * A * \u0394T<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q: nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i (W)<\/li>\n<li>U: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m<sup>2<\/sup>*K)<\/li>\n<li>A: di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t (m<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li>\u0394T: ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa hai l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t (K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ta x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa hai l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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