{"id":673950,"date":"2024-10-05T13:12:05","date_gmt":"2024-10-05T12:12:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=673950"},"modified":"2024-10-05T13:12:05","modified_gmt":"2024-10-05T12:12:05","slug":"cach-hieu-ung-joule-thomson-lam-lanh-khi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-hieu-ung-joule-thomson-lam-lanh-khi\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule-Thomson l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule-Thomson l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed gi\u1ea3m. Quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cach_hieu_ung_joule-thomson_lam_lanh_khi.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule-Thomson l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00ed\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee8ng Joule-Thomson L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh Kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule-Thomson l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00ed. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc gi\u1ea3n n\u1edf kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, gi\u00fap l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee8ng Joule-Thomson L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule-Thomson x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3n n\u1edf qua m\u1ed9t van ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi kh\u00ed n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3n n\u1edf, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ebfu kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 tu\u00e2n theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Joule-Thomson l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean T\u1eafc Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3n n\u1edf t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao t\u1edbi v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed gi\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t).<\/li>\n<li>Theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed n\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Joule-Thomson (\u03bc<sub>JT<\/sub>) d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng Th\u1ee9c V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh Lu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule-Thomson \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Joule-Thomson (\u03bc<sub>JT<\/sub>), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u03bc<sub>JT<\/sub> = \\(\\left(\\frac{\\partial T}{\\partial P}\\right)_H\\)<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3,:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03bc<sub>JT<\/sub> l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Joule-Thomson.<\/li>\n<li>T l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li>P l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>H l\u00e0 enthalpy (nhi\u1ec7t h\u00e0m).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u1ebfu \u03bc<sub>JT<\/sub> d\u01b0\u01a1ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule-Thomson \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh Cryogen:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 hydro v\u00e0 helium \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0110i\u1ec1u H\u00f2a Kh\u00f4ng Kh\u00ed:<\/b> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong nh\u00e0.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t V\u00e0 L\u01b0u Tr\u1eef Kh\u00ed T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (LNG), nh\u1eb1m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule-Thomson, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule-Thomson l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed gi\u1ea3m. Quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule-Thomson l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00ed<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule-Thomson l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed gi\u1ea3m. 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