{"id":674086,"date":"2024-11-13T07:53:25","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T06:53:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=674086"},"modified":"2024-11-13T07:53:25","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T06:53:25","slug":"cach-nhiet-do-anh-huong-den-dong-hoc-enzyme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-nhiet-do-anh-huong-den-dong-hoc-enzyme\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc enzyme"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc enzyme: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng enzyme, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cach_nhiet_do_anh_huong_den_dong_hoc_enzyme.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc enzyme\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc enzyme<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc enzyme, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00fac t\u00e1c b\u1edfi enzyme. Enzyme l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc enzyme, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<h2>1. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n<p>N\u00f3i chung, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u0103ng khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a (E<sub>a<\/sub>). C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c Arrhenius m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">k = A * e<sup>-E<sub>a<\/sub>\/RT<\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>k: h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/li>\n<li>A: h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n nghi\u1ec7m<\/li>\n<li>E<sub>a<\/sub>: n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a<\/li>\n<li>R: h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng (8.314 J\/mol\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<li>T: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Arrhenius, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u0103ng khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n do ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a enzyme<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed7i enzyme c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a enzyme ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, enzyme trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 37\u00b0C v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, enzyme t\u1eeb vi khu\u1ea9n nhi\u1ec7t \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cao h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean 70\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, enzyme b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac (denaturation) l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng x\u00fac t\u00e1c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0m cho enzyme m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00fac t\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 enzyme c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft enzyme, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h2>4. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc enzyme r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c.<\/li>\n<li>Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a enzyme c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t enzyme.<\/li>\n<li>Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc enzyme b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a enzyme. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc enzyme: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng enzyme, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - 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